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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Standardising hunger: François Magendie's feeding experiments on a gelatin fare 1831-1841].

Although François Magendie's studies on the functional differentiation of the spinal nerves, on the maintenance of blood pressure, and on the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid have been sufficiently considered in medical historiography, his physiological research on nutrition, carried out between 1831-1841, has hardly attracted attention. With several series of animal experiments, Magendie tried to answer the question whether a gelatine-based fare would be suitable for feeding the indigent people of Paris. Taking these experimental series as a specific historical example, an approach from sociological systems theory is proposed in order to analyse the relations between Magendie's hunger laboratory, the French Académie des Sciences, food industrialists, and health and military administrators. The historiographical relevance of this approach as well as its methodological limitations are discussed in this article.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Development of an ultra rapid and simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique for detection of Salmonella typhi.

OBJECTIVE: To make a rapid and definite diagnosis of Salmonella enteritis, using an ultra rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method for major Salmonella serotypes, such as Salmonella typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Havana. METHODS: We performed this study at the Research Center of Molecular Biology, Institute of Military Medicine, Bagyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Iran from June 2004 to July 2005. The PCR primers for tyv (rfbE), prt (rfbS) and invA genes were designed and used for the rapid identification of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A with multiplex PCR. By using simple DNA extraction method in 10 minutes, rapid PCR cycles with total cycle times of 35 minutes and rapid electrophoresis procedure with simple and very cheap buffer used in 200 to 300 volts for 15 minutes to separate the PCR products. RESULTS: The results showed that all reference and clinical isolates of Salmonella serovars Typhi and Paratyphi were accurately identified by this assay. Specificity analysis revealed no cross-reaction with other Enterobacterial strains. The sensitivity of the PCR and the multiplex PCR was 1-10 cells. The total time of Multiplex PCR from sample preparation to final result is 45-50 minutes. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the specificity and sensitivity of the PCR and the multiplex PCR make them potentially valuable tools for diagnosis of Salmonella typhi bacteria and that they may be used for the identification of Salmonella enteritidis responsible for sporadic enteritis cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Nutrition knowledge among Navy recruits.

The Navy wants to incorporate nutrition education programs into basic training to teach Navy personnel fundamental principles of good nutrition. This study was undertaken to: determine deficits in recruits' nutrition knowledge, identify recruits with above-average need for nutrition education, and compare recruits' nutrition knowledge with that of typical U.S. school students. Demographic information and responses to a shortened version (36 items) of the National Dairy Council's Nutrition Achievement Test 4, developed for junior and senior high school students, were obtained from 205 male recruits. Although nutrition knowledge among Navy recruits was relatively comparable with that of U.S. school students, findings indicated that nutrition education is indeed needed. Only 2% of recruits answered 90% of the questions correctly. Forty percent answered half or more of the nutrition questions incorrectly. Questions answered incorrectly by more than 50% of recruits involved: (a) how one assesses nutrient needs and whether those needs are being met, (b) the four major food groups and recommended servings, and (c) effects of alcohol and drugs on nutritional status. Recruits who received higher grades in high school, got into less trouble in high school, were older, and were Caucasian had higher nutrition knowledge. Detailed information regarding nutrition misconceptions should help the Navy develop focused nutrition education materials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Prediction of clinical performance: the role of prior experience.

The relationship of life experience prior to the admission to medical school to clinical performance was studied. Age, prior military experience, and educational background were found to be related to clinical performance. Students with recent military experience, former military officers, and those with a science background were found to perform in a way superior to younger and older students, non-officers, and nonscience majors, respectively. While the current study was performed in Israel and under a community-oriented curriculum, its findings tend to support those of research in the United States and were seen as enhancing the understanding of the role of nonintellectual factors in the selection of medical students. The presence of an interest/motivational factor was presented and discussed.

Adolescent↗