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PubMedDate not supplied

[Causes of failure in radical surgery of the mastoid].

We review the surgical findings of 85 revisional radical mastoidectomies for recurrent otic discharge, with the purpose to determinate the causes of surgical failure. Cholesteatoma was found in 38.8% of the cases. The other causes were unexentered cells and granulation tissue in the sinodural angle, mastoid tip, tegmental cells and root of the zygoma. The facial recess was the place of residual cholesteatoma in 47% and the supratubal recces in 40% of the cases. We emphasized the big importance of a good meatoplasty, this was the cause of failure in 62.4% of cases. A dry ear was obtained in 94% of the cases. The mean following up period was three years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Repair of the attic wall by a mastoid osteofibrous graft].

Closed techniques for the management of cholesteatomas often require repair of the external auditory meatus. Small losses of substance around the tympanic membrane or in the attic wall can be repaired by a mastoid cortical autograft. The originality of the procedure described on the basis of the various operative stages is based above all on the preservation of an osteoperiosteal fringe contiguous with the bone graft used. The value of the technique lies in availability of the graft at the operative site and the ease of its insertion into the defect requiring repair.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1989

Objective tinnitus associated with abnormal mastoid emissary vein.

Tinnitus may be defined as the perception of sound in the absence of environmental input. It can be subjective. Objective tinnitus may be caused by clearly definable mechanical or vascular abnormalities, and as such may be amenable to specific management. We report a case of objective tinnitus associated with an abnormal mastoid emissary vein. A review of the literature identified only one other report of objective tinnitus associated with an emissary vein. That report involved a posterior condylar emissary vein. The venous drainage of the sigmoid sinus was studied on 50 human skulls demonstrating three possible emissary veins of each sigmoid sinus. The postauricular region was dopplered on 30 asymptomatic human subjects. None was found to have dopplered emissary vein flow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Tumors and tumor-like conditions of the middle ear and mastoid: role of CT and MRI. An analysis of 100 cases.

CT and MRI scanning provide valuable information in determining location and extension of middle ear and mastoid tumors and tumor-like conditions. The bone anatomy depicted by CT better delineates the involvement of the middle ear diseases. In glomus tumors, facial nerve tumors, and other cases including temporal bone metastases, the combination of CT and MR imaging is exceedingly useful in the diagnosis and management of patients.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Extra-mastoid cholesteatoma with upper neck extension.

Cholesteatoma of the mastoid has been observed and described for more than 150 years. Although its complications, and propensity for recurrence, are well documented, no record of recurrent non-infected cholesteatoma extending into the neck could be found in the literature. Two cases are presented which had such a complication. The rate of growth in the neck was fairly rapid. The pathogenesis of recurrence is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Anomalies of the mastoid portion of the facial canal and their surgical importance].

Examination of 150 sagittal sections of temporal bone showed that anomalies of mastoid part of facial canal could be divided into 3 groups: abnormal deviations of the vertical portion, the curves or the nerve bifurcation. Deviations of the vertical pathway of facial nerve can be of three types in relation to the frontal plane: the nerve, after its second bend travels towards the tympanic cavity (9 of 150 cases); it curves forward passing through the hypotympanum (1 of 150 cases); it turns backwards in the direction of the sigmoid sinus (15 of 150 cases). Abnormal or supplementary bends were noted in 10% of cases (15 of 150), in more than half of the cases the latter developing 2-3 mm from the second bend, and more rarely in the inferior wall of the tympanic cavity. A bifurcation of the nerve after its second bend was observed in only one case.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The "old radical" surgery. History and development of surgery of the mastoid].

After a brief historical outline of the radical operation of the ear, the possibilities are presented which are at our disposal to construct a mastoid cavity after removal of the posterior bony wall of the auditory canal, thus keeping the problems for the patient at a minimum. At best, a small self-cleansing well-designed cavity is formed under favourable conditions. Important prerequisites for the construction of such a cavity are: A good overview obtained by smoothening of the cavity walls; widening of the auditory canal entrance (cartilage excision); removal of excess bone covering the facial nerve; and reducing the size of the cavity by means of a Palva flap while preserving the postauricular artery and its larger branches. Postoperative management (and cleansing) must be done with an operation microscope.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1985

Computerized axial tomography versus complex motion as a predictor of surgical findings in middle ear and mastoid cholesteatoma.

In order to evaluate the efficacy of polytomography and computerized tomography in the prediction of surgical findings in cases of suspected cholesteatoma of the middle ear and mastoid, we evaluated preoperatively 52 ears by both radiographic methods. We utilized a check list of 14 radiological signs or surgical findings to generate measures of sensitivity and specificity. The strengths of each radiographic method are outlined and the considerable weaknesses in predictive value are discussed.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Size of the mastoid air cells and otitis media.

Repetitive tympanometric screenings were performed in 79 randomized, otherwise healthy children from 2 to 7 years old. A total of nine screenings, of which three included otomicroscopy, were performed. When the children were 7 years of age, radiographs were made of their mastoid processes in Runstrøm's lateral projection. The median size of the cell system was 8.25 cm2. The cell systems were significantly larger (9 cm2) in girls than in boys (7.5 cm2). A significant correlation was found between the size of the cell system and the duration of secretory otitis media; thus, the smallest air cell systems occurred in the children with the longest episodes of secretory otitis, and the largest cell systems in children with no history of secretory otitis. Eardrum changes occurred at the ages of 5, 6, and 7 years in 21%, 32%, and 25% of the children, respectively. Children in whom the same eardrum changes were present at all three examinations had significantly smaller cell systems than those with either no changes or changes only at a few of the examinations. No differences in extent of pneumatization were found, regardless of whether the children had had episodes of acute otitis, had been treated for secretory otitis, or had had neither. In our opinion, this study supports the theory that hypocellularity is a sequela of secretory otitis rather than a cause of the disease.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1985

Endaural brain hernia: repair using mastoid cortical bone.

We present three cases of endaural brain hernia and a method of repair using sculptured mastoid cortical bone. The literature is reviewed to illustrate etiology, pathology, clinical presentation, and management options of this uncommon clinical entity. We classify the hernias as pedunculated or sessile, with associated factors such as viability of herniated brain, infection, CSF leak, and neurologic complications. A management scheme is proposed encompassing surgical options now available and their attendant risks and complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Endolymphatic mastoid shunt for treatment of Meniere's disease: a five year study.

The endolymphatic mastoid shunt seems to be an effective treatment for those patients whose Meniere's disease is refractory to medical and/or supportive treatment. This series is composed of 48 patients who were followed for up to 5 years postoperatively, with 1 year being the minimum follow-up period; 81% of these patients obtained a satisfactory relief of their vertigo. The morbidity of the procedure is low with no severe or total hearing loss reported in this series. Surgery should not be recommended until the symptoms have caused severe incapacitation; however, this delay must be tempered by the desire to operate while the hearing is still fluctuating. One of the most important factors in the surgical success may be the exact identification and exposure of the sac at the time of surgery, regardless of the specific shunt technique used. Shorter duration of symptoms and lack of fluctuant hearing loss may be preoperative factors which predict a less satisfactory surgical result. While the endolymphatic shunt procedure is effective in the majority of cases, the patient should be prepared for a secondary procedure if necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Surgical management of vestibular Meniere's disease with endolymphatic mastoid shunt.

The early stages of Meniere's disease may consist only of vestibular symptoms. These patients with vertigo alone may be incapacitated by this condition. A great many of these patients are unresponsive to medical therapy and tend to progress to cochleovestibular disease. Early surgery on such individuals may decrease vertigo and give the added benefit of preserving hearing. This paper reports the results of endolymphatic mastoid shunts performed on 24 patients with normal hearing who had medically uncontrolled vestibular Meniere's disease. The patients underwent surgery between 1978 and 1981, and each has been followed for at least 1 year. Vertigo was decreased or abolished in 21 of 24 patients (87%). Hearing remained unchanged in 19 of the 24 patients (79%) and was mildly impaired postoperatively in 4(16.7%). Only 1 patient had moderate postoperative hearing loss. Of the 5 patients with reduced hearing, 4 had improvement of vertigo. There were no cases of surgically-induced deafness.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Mycosis fungoides of the mastoid, middle ear, and CNS. Literature review of mycosis fungoides of the CNS.

Facial nerve paralysis developed in a man with tumor-stage mycosis fungoides (MF). Mastoidectomy disclosed that MF had involved the mastoid and middle ear. Meningeal lymphoma, confirmed by the finding of Sézary cells in the CSF, was subsequently established. Autopsy disclosed MF lymphoma in the leptomeninges, medulla, spinal cord, and cranial nerves. A unique feature was the formation of a communicating hydrocephalus. Case reports of 23 patients with MF of the CNS, including 21 autopsies, are reviewed. Practically all had tumor-stage or erythrodermic MF. Atypical mononuclear cells were found ante mortem in the CSF in eight patients. In contrast to other CNS lymphomas, bone marrow involvement was uncommon. Cranial, especially facial, nerve paralyses were often premonitory signs of meningeal lymphomas. Patients with MF having such symptoms should have cytologic examination of the CSF.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Malignant squamous papillomatosis of the mastoid.

Benign squamous papilloma of the external ear is rarely reported in the literature. This paper describes the occurrence of an extensive benign squamous papillomatosis of the mastoid that showed an apparent malignant transformation with fatal results to the patient.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Artificial mastoid device for calibrating bone telephones in an extended frequency range].

The instrument described here is designed for calibration of osteal telephones in the frequency range from 0.1 to 15 kHz. In contrast with foreign units of similar intention, the "artificial mastoid" has the impedance of its operating surface sufficiently adequate to the mean mechanical impedance of the parotid region and the forehead of the man within the whole range of operating frequencies. The instrument permits audiometry in extended frequency range in cases of osteal sound conductivity.

Artificial Organs↗