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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The anchor subperiosteal forehead lift.

The coronal incision used for brow lift procedure has a high rate of localized alopecia, widening, and depression of the scar at the suture line. Other sequelae of the standard coronal brow lift incision procedure are "stretch-back" with a recurrent brow ptosis, poor brow elevation, and numbness beyond the incision line. Factors causing alopecia are tension, use of a monopolar cautery, use of key sutures with undue tension, one-layer closure, and sutures left too long. Recurrent brow ptosis may be due to anterior displacement of the posterior scalp flap, stretching of the anterior frontal skin flap, or insufficient power of the weakened frontalis muscle. Poor brow elevation may be due to unsatisfactory dissection on the glabella and orbital rims. Numbness and itching beyond the incision line are due to a low coronal incision. To avoid these problems, the following principles were followed: (1) If not contraindicated, the incision is made high on the vertex of the head, posterior to a biauricular line. (2) The pericranium is included in the frontal flap starting at the incision lines. (3) The subperiosteal dissection is continued down to the orbital rims and nasal bones. (4) The release of the periosteum at the arcus marginalis or just above allows repositioning of the brow structures. (5) The inelastic pericranium maintains the position of the elevated structures and avoids stretching of the frontal skin. (6) The integrity of the frontalis muscle is maintained completely. (7) Two large triangles of scalp resected in the posterior flaps allow fixing the position of the posterior scalp and match better the length of the anterior flap. (8) The galea periosteal rim flap allows anchoring of the frontal flap to the undersurface of the posterior scalp flap. This stabilizes the closure with minimal tension on the hair-bearing portion of the scalp. The wide surface of contact avoids depression and widening at the suture line. (9) Closure with skin staples avoids constriction of the hair follicles. (10) Hemostasis is done with a bipolar cautery. (11) No through-and-through key sutures are used. Some of these principles were introduced to the endoscopic subperiosteal forehead lift. The modifications mentioned above have been used in 92 open brow/face lift procedures with excellent aesthetic and functional results and minimal complications.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of an air lift pump oxygenator.

The authors devised an air lift pump oxygenator, comprised of double cylinders connected together and filled with perfluorocarbon (FC-75, 3M) as an oxygen carrier. While the oxygen enters the FC-75 through the lower inlet of one cylinder, the oxygenated FC-75 is lifted by an air lift pump and circulates in the two cylinders. FC-75 adds oxygen to the blood that infuses from the lower inlet of the other cylinder. The oxygenated blood is separated from the FC-75 by gravity and infused into the subject. The size of the cylinder is 2.2 cm in internal diameter and 17 cm in effective oxygenation height. The capacity of the oxygenator is 160 ml. PO2 went from 62 mmHg to 96 mmHg and PCO2 decreased from 31 mmHg to 25 mmHg at a blood flow of 50 ml/min and an oxygen flow of 2 L/min. Maximum blood flow was 60 ml/min and the blood reserve capacity was 20 ml/min. The air lift pump oxygenator has advantages, such as simple structure, no motor, and a small priming volume.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1994

Simultaneous deep-plane face lift and trichloroacetic acid peel.

Many patients seeking facial rejuvenation require a combination of face lift and chemical peel to achieve optimal results. These procedures traditionally have been separated in time because of fear of skin slough after simultaneous peel and face lift. The recent evolution to deep-plane face lift and peeling agents other than phenol led to this reexamination of the subject. Forty-seven porcine flaps were treated with a variety of chemabrasion agents. As a result, 35% trichloroacetic acid was determined to be a safe agent for use on thick flaps. Thirty-five patients underwent simultaneous modified deep-plane face lift and immediate trichloroacetic acid peel, with 35% being the maximum strength used on undermined areas. This combination proved to be successful, with no complications related to the combination treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Triple muscular necklift and facelift; lifting of the orbicularis muscle, the platysma and zygomatic complex].

The last three decades have irreversibly changed the history of face-lifting. Based on the muscular approach of the Skoog, SMAS and "Composites" techniques and numerous recent anatomical studies, we decided to investigate the anatomical structures responsible for the first signs of ageing of the face. In addition to Hamra's techniques for orbicularis lifting and Connell's and Baker's techniques for platysma lifting, we have added our experience zygomaticus minor lifting in what we have called "the zygomatic complex". This technical combination of a triple muscle facelift is based on a very precise anatomical knowledge of the structures of the cheek which are described in the context of surgery for ageing of the face. We have performed this technique for almost 2 years, in 29 patients, with encouraging results. This study emphasizes the "preventive" nature of this operation, corresponding to the current request of young women, who request simple, rapid, outpatient procedures to maintain their thirty-year-old appearance. Consequently, the blind part of the procedure is performed endoscopically. It will probably provide even more comfort to our patients, in whom the satisfaction rate is remarkable, with negligible morbidity.

Facial Muscles↗
PubMed1977

[Can the lifting of heavy weights provoke a spasm of ciliary muscles conducive in turn to retinal detachment?].

It was reported by Harms (discussion remark 62, DOG Heidelberg 1959, p. 234) that, during the lifting of a heavy weight, excessive accommodation occurs. If this is the case, the causing ciliary spasm could possibly be regarded as a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of a retinal detachment. To obtain objective data whether there is an accommodative spasm under the above mentioned condition, the thickness of the lens of emmetropic young persons was measured by ultrasound. Three series of measurement were performed: (1) during accommodation; (2) during the lifting of a 25-kg-heavy weight without excluding the possibility of focusing nearer objects at the same time, and (3) during lifting of the same weight with the exclusion of any possibility of focusing nearer objects at the same time. According to the results of these experiments, there is only very little likelihood that the lifting of heavy weights could provoke a considerable ciliary spasm.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1997

[Video-assisted endoscopic lifting: development].

Now the Endoscope is used differently in video-assisted Face-lifts. Authors describe their evolution for 2 years and a half. In the beginning. It was used to correct glabellar frowns. Then, the endoscope served to elevate the forehead by a subperiosteal approach. Sometime it was combined with a subperiosteal malar dissection in an Endoscopic full face-lift. Bad results on the eyebrows and eyelids complications involved the authors to modify their strategy: By changing the dynamic of muscles: lateral section of the orbicularis occuli muscle arises the frontal muscle to definitely lift up the eyebrow: this is called the "myotomy box"; by preferring a subgaleal, retro-orbicularis dissection, under the malar fat pad and the platysma muscle in a deep plane but always above the zygomaticus major muscle, protector of the facial nerve in the buccal space; by developing new endodissectors efficient and less aggressive to spread the deep planes without damage; by an acute control of the fronto-temporal and cervico-facial deep dissection using new endoscopic valves; by treating precise damaged areas with Limited Endoscopic Face-Lifts in a same harmonious deep dissection instead of large multiplanar underminnings.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1996

An isoinertial predictor for maximal acceptable lifting weights of Chinese male subjects.

The practicality of using restrained as well as standard isoinertial strength tests in predicting the maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL) of Chinese male subjects was examined using a restrained strength test, which allows the subject to pull on the load in front of the body and to apply force in a functional free posture. Prediction models were constructed and evaluated under task conditions of two lifting ranges, two box sizes, and three lifting frequencies. The following measurements were taken for each subject in each test: (1) the body posture and joint angles, and (2) electromyographic activities of the arm muscles (biceps brachii), back muscles (erector spinae), and leg muscles (rectus femoris). Results indicate that the restrained knuckle height isoinertial strength (RK) was related significantly to the MAWL for all tasks, and the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.42 to 0.69. A step-wise multiple regression analysis based on data from the 22 subjects showed that RK, chest circumference, and thigh length accounted for 90 to 94% of the variance. A validation effort on a different sample (N = 10) showed that the MAWLs can be predicted within an absolute mean (SD) error of 0.84 (3.30) kg. Percentages of muscle activation levels indicated that, other than strength from the erector spinae, the strongest contribution to the RK value was that of biceps brachii strength. Since the strength of the body's upper extremity was also recruited, the weak upper extremity strength of Chinese subjects was better reflected. Evidence for the existence of a close match between MAWL and RK values, and the conditions of the existence, suggest that RK is good predictor for the MAWL.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

What are we teaching about lifting and transferring patients?

Lifting patients under the axilla has been found to be physically stressful for nurses and uncomfortable for patients. The goals of this study were to find out: how often educators teach this method and observe it in the clinical field; which assistive devices are used in teaching; and what authors of textbooks teach about the under-axilla method. A questionnaire was sent to 546 baccalaureate (BS) and associate (AD) degree programs; 358 educators responded and 337 responses were analyzed. Eighty-three percent of the educators teach the under-axilla method for in- and out-of-bed transfers; 94% observe it used in the clinical field. For lifting up in bed, 56% teach the under-axilla method; 86% observe it in the clinical field. When assistive devices are included in teaching, the hydraulic lift and gait belt are taught most often; less stressful and more comfortable devices are not taught or observed by most respondents. None of the authors of the 3 most frequently used textbooks describe the use of the under-axilla method; authors of 2 textbooks state patients should not have pressure placed on the axilla area.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Skeletal muscle fiber splitting with weight-lifting exercise in rats.

Adult male albino rats were assigned randomly to control (CON) and weight-lifting (WL) groups. The WL rats were subjected to a progressive weight-lifting program against high resistance for 8 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, each WL rat lifted a load equal to 130% of its body weight. The mean weight of the adductor longus muscle was significantly increased in the WL group ( p < 0.05). This increased muscle weight was shown to be due to an increase in the number of fibers per unit cross-sectional area ( p < 0.05), and the mean sizes of both fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic and slow-twitch oxidative fibers were significantly smaller in the WL rats than in the CON rats (p < 0.05). Light and electron microscopic examination showed that five out of eight WL rats exhibited longitudinally split muscle fibers, while only one CON rat had a few centrally placed nuclei. The splitting process appeared as either a "pinching-off" of a small segment from the parent fiber or an invagination of the sarcolemma deep into the muscle fiber in a plane parallel to the sarcomeres. There were preliminary indications that this work-induced fiber-splitting process may be a physiological adaptation of muscle to the stress of exercise.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Quantification of erector spinae muscle fatigue during prolonged, dynamic lifting tasks.

A method was developed to quantify erector spinae fatigue resulting from repetitive dynamic lifting in the sagittal plane. This method was tested with the data from eight male subjects lifting inertial loads of 19 kg and 17 kg during sessions of 20 min and 2 h, respectively. Surface EMG electrodes were applied over sites representing the bilateral lumbar and thoracic erector spinae and external oblique muscles. Maximal and submaximal isometric trunk extensor contractions were performed at the start, intermittently throughout, and at the end of the dynamic lifting trials, within an apparatus designed to control spine posture in the upright standing position. These exertions were used to assess the decreases in strength, endurance and EMG mean power frequency (fw) as well as the increases in EMG amplitude that have been shown to accompany muscle fatigue. The average of the group for extensor strength decreased 17% and 21% (P < 0.05) and the endurance times decreased 60% and 62% (P < 0.01) for the 2-h and the 20-min session, respectively. The average endurance time decreased at least 10% for each subject in each session. Strength decreased at least 10% in all but 2 of 16 cases (both in the 20-min session). The average decreases in fw were 12% (lumbar) and 17% (thoracic; P < 0.05) in the 2-h sessions and 20% (lumbar; P < 0.05) and 14% (thoracic) in the 20-min sessions. There was also a significant increase in EMG amplitude (P < 0.05) for both muscle group in both sessions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of blood pressure response to isokinetic and weight-lifting exercise.

Brachial arterial pressure, oesophageal pressure, and knee joint angle were monitored in eight untrained young men as they performed bilateral leg-press actions (simultaneous hip and knee extension and ankle plantarflexion) against resistance. Single maximal leg-press actions on an isokinetic device evoked mean peak arterial (systolic/diastolic) pressures of 35.4/26.2 and 34.0/23.4 kPa at lever arm velocities of 0.262 and 1.31 rad.s-1, respectively. The corresponding oesophageal pressures were 13.2 and 10.4 kPa, respectively. Although the peak force was 30% greater, and duration of the action 3-4 times longer at 0.262 than 1.31 rad.s-1, the arterial and oesophageal pressure responses did not differ. On a weight-lifting machine, a set of repetitions [mean (SEM): 11 (3)] to failure at 80-90% one repetition maximum evoked peak arterial pressures of 45.5/32.8 kPa; the corresponding oesophageal pressure was 15.7 kPa. The peak systolic and diastolic pressures observed during weight-lifting were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than during isokinetic actions at both velocities, whereas oesophageal pressure was more elevated only in relation to isokinetic actions at the higher velocity. These data indicate that resisted leg-press actions cause extreme elevations in arterial blood pressure. The degree of voluntary effort is the major determinant of the blood pressure response, rather than the resistance mode or the type (concentric, eccentric, isometric) of muscle action. Repetitive resistance exercise (e.g. a set of repetitions to failure in weight-lifting) tends to produce greater pressure elevations than isolated, single maximal effort actions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Distributing vertical forces between the digits during gripping and lifting: the effects of rotating the hand versus rotating the object.

During pinch grip we partition the vertical tangential forces at the digits according to the friction at the grip surfaces, and the mass distribution of the object. However, we cannot predictively partition the vertical forces to adjust to new frictional conditions after viewing a 180-deg rotation of an object with different textures at each grip surface. Hence, the processes that lead to predictive force partitioning may not access object representations, thereby suggesting that these processes are digit-specific. If this is true, then we should fail to predictively partition our fingertip forces when we rotate our hand. We tested this prediction by comparing the effects of object rotation with hand rotation for repeated lifts of an object that had one slippery grip surface and one rough grip surface. Subjects did not predictively redistribute the vertical tangential forces upon grasping the rotated object. Following object rotation, the vertical tangential force trajectories during the first 100 ms after contact indicated that 12/15 subjects failed to anticipate the reversed digit-friction relationships. All subjects appropriately partitioned the vertical tangential forces between the digits by the second lift after object rotation, confirming previous reports that sensory signals update the memory associated with lifting the object. In contrast, after hand rotation, 13/15 subjects anticipated the new digit-friction relationships and upon grasping the object immediately generated a steep rise in the vertical force trajectory at the rough surface. They also delayed the initial rise in vertical tangential force at the digit encountering the low-friction surface by approximately 65 ms. Thus, anticipatory partitioning of vertical fingertip forces is not strictly digit-specific. Internally driven motor plans can access the relevant memories or internal models for predictively partitioning the vertical tangential forces. It is not clear if this process involves rotating internal representations of fingertip force directly, or if the forces are derived after internally rotating a representation of the object. In contrast to the robust effects of vision on reach kinematics, or on wrist and finger configuration, visual signals about object rotation and orientation apparently do not influence vertical tangential fingertip forces.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Adjusting reach to lift movements to sudden visible changes in target's weight.

People can adjust their reach-to-grasp movements online to sudden changes in the spatial properties of a target. We investigated whether they can also do this when a non-spatial property, weight, suddenly changes. Guiding your movement by using visual cues about an object's weight depends heavily on experience and is expected to be processed by the (slow) ventral stream rather than the (fast) 'online control' dorsal stream. In the first experiment, participants reached out and lifted an object with an expected or an unexpected weight. As predicted, there was an effect of expected weight on the time between the end of the reaching phase and the object's lift-off. In the second experiment, the object sometimes visibly changed weight after the participants had started their movement. The lifting time did not depend on whether the object had changed weight. Thus, participants can make online adjustments to a visually indicated change in weight. These results are interpreted as being contrary to existing theories of online control.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Kinematic cues in perceptual weight judgement and their origins in box lifting.

When accepting a parcel from another person, we are able to use information about that person's movement to estimate in advance the weight of the parcel, that is, to judge its weight from observed action. Perceptual weight judgment provides a powerful method to study our interpretation of other people's actions, but it is not known what sources of information are used in judging weight. We have manipulated full form videos to obtain precise control of the perceived kinematics of a box lifting action, and use this technique to explore the kinematic cues that affect weight judgment. We find that observers rely most on the duration of the lifting movement to judge weight, and make less use of the durations of the grasp phase, when the box is first gripped, or the place phase, when the box is put down. These findings can be compared to the kinematics of natural box lifting behaviour, where we find that the duration of the grasp component is the best predictor of true box weight. The lack of accord between the optimal cues predicted by the natural behaviour and the cues actually used in the perceptual task has implications for our understanding of action observation in terms of a motor simulation. The differences between perceptual and motor behaviour are evidence against a strong version of the motor simulation hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Flexion relaxation during lifting: implications for torque production by muscle activity and tissue strain at the lumbo-sacral joint.

During the full flexion phase of the back lift movement the lumbar part of the erector spinae muscle exhibits a reduced activity level (flexion relaxation). This study addresses the question how the required extension torque in the lumbo-sacral joint (L5/S1 joint) is balanced during the period in which apparently the lumbar erector spinae ceases to take its share. Six subjects participated in the experiment in which they performed seven lifting tasks. The load, the range of movement, and the phase in which the load was handled (lifting or lowering) were varied. A dynamic linked segment model was applied to determine the momentary torques acting at the L5/S1 joint, while the EMGs of the lumbar and thoracic part of the erector spinae muscle were measured. Furthermore, the lengths between markers on the lumbar and thoracic part of the trunk were determined to reveal changes in length during the movement. The dynamic EMGs were normalized to trunk angle-dependent maximal levels. The L5/S1 joint torques were analysed and combined with the normalized EMG data and the kinematics of the trunk, which are assumed to indicate the elongation of passive tissues. Although in the normalization procedure the change of the length-force relationship of the erector spinae was taken into account, the dynamic lumbar EMG activity decreased to a low-activity level (the phenomenon of flexion relaxation). This coincided with a 25% increase in lumbar length suggesting that passive tissue strain provided part of the required extension torque. In the tasks where a barbell was handled a significant increase in EMG level of the thoracic part of the erector spinae occurred just before the flexion relaxation at the lumbar level. Apparently, the extensor function of the lumbar part is then taken over by the thoracic part of the erector spinae muscle. This suggests that an intricate coordinating mechanism is operative that apportions the load to be balanced over active--(lumbar and thoracic part of the erector spinae) and passive structures (post vertebral ligaments).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Passive tissues help the back muscles to generate extensor moments during lifting.

We examined the possibility that passive tissues can help the erector spinae to generate large extensor moments during lifting. One hundred and forty-nine healthy men and women participated in the study. Subjects pulled upwards with steadily increasing force on a floor-mounted load cell, while EMG activity was recorded from electrodes overlying the erector spinae at L3 and T10. Extensor moment was calculated from the load cell data, and was plotted against the full-wave rectified and averaged EMG signal. The relationship was linear with an intercept on the extensor moment axis (I) which indicated the flexion moment resisted by 'passive' (electrically silent) tissues. The dependence of I on lumbar flexion angle was studied by repeating the isometric pulls between 6 and 12 times, with the subject positioned in varying amounts of flexion, as measured by the '3-Space Isotrak'. Subjects then lifted weights of up to 20 kg from the floor, using 'stoop', 'squat' and 'freestyle' techniques, while lumbar flexion and EMG activity were recorded at 28 Hz. The isometric pulls showed that, on average, I increased from 25 Nm in lordotic postures to 120 Nm (for men) and 77 Nm (for women), in full flexion. During the lifts, peak extensor moment was generated with the lumbar spine flexed by 78-97% of the range between erect standing and full flexion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A method for measuring external loads during dynamic lifting exertions.

Biomechanical analyses of lifting exertions often require measured values of applied trunk moments and forces as baseline or validation data. Accurate measures of the trunk kinetic data are difficult to achieve from dynamic exertions without significant approximation, cost, or motion constraints. The purpose of this effort was to develop and validate a means to directly measure multi-dimensional, trunk moments which occur during dynamic lifting exertions. Force plate reaction loads coupled through a lower-body isolation structure designed to fasten the hips and legs into a known static position, were employed to compute the moment vectors about the lumbar spine. Results demonstrate the applied moments about the lumbo-sacral junction of the spine can be accurately measured from a single force plate, allowing biomechanical evaluation of dynamic lifting exertions without constraining the motions of the upper body.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Is the trunk movement more perturbed after an asymmetric than after a symmetric perturbation during lifting?

Low back injury is associated with sudden movements and loading. Trunk motion after sudden loading depends on the stability of the spine prior to loading and on the trunk muscle activity in response to the loading. Both factors are not axis-symmetric. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the effects on trunk dynamics would be larger after an asymmetric than after a symmetric perturbation. Ten subjects lifted a crate in which, prior to lifting, a mass was displaced to the front or to the side without the subjects being aware of this. Crate and subject movements, crate reaction forces and muscle activity were recorded. From this, the stability prior to the perturbation was estimated, and the trunk angular kinematics and moments at the lumbo-sacral joint were calculated. Both perturbations only minimally affected the trunk kinematics, although the stability of the spine prior to the lifting movement was higher in the sagittal plane than in the frontal plane. In both conditions the stability appeared to be sufficient to absorb the applied perturbation.

Adult↗