Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lecture”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

The Walter J. Zeiter lecture. Global initiatives in rehabilitation medicine.

Global initiatives in rehabilitation medicine. Global initiatives in rehabilitation medicine present significant challenges, as well as great opportunities for the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation. These initiatives are international in focus, from multiple countries, include many different medical specialties, and will impact physiatrists. The Bone and Joint Decade is a global multidisciplinary initiative that aims to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders. Its aim is to improve the health-related quality of life of people with or at risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a unified and standard classification system for describing health domains and health-related states with quantifiable assessment measures. The ICF is a significant change from current medical models to patient- and rehabilitation-oriented models of evaluating function, disability, and health status. Medical Professionalism in the New Millennium: A Physician Charter helps define medicines contract with society. The demand for medical professionalism is the result of unparalleled challenges facing the physician on a daily basis. The Physician Charter provides a reaffirmation of the Hippocratic oath in modern terms. The Maintenance of Certification is a response of organized medicine to the demand for physician competence during an entire career. This is a means of establishing safeguards to protect the public and of delivering a criterion standard for health care. These initiatives will have a profound influence on our future. I encourage each of you to participate in your own future through these activities.

Certification↗
PubMed2006

Norman Cousins Lecture. Glia as the "bad guys": implications for improving clinical pain control and the clinical utility of opioids.

Within the past decade, there has been increasing recognition that glia are far more than simply "housekeepers" for neurons. This review explores two recently recognized roles of glia (microglia and astrocytes) in: (a) creating and maintaining enhanced pain states such as neuropathic pain, and (b) compromising the efficacy of morphine and other opioids for pain control. While glia have little-to-no role in pain under basal conditions, pain is amplified when glia become activated, inducing the release of proinflammatory products, especially proinflammatory cytokines. How glia are triggered to become activated is a key issue, and appears to involve a number of neuron-to-glia signals including neuronal chemokines, neurotransmitters, and substances released by damaged, dying and dead neurons. In addition, glia become increasingly activated in response to repeated administration of opioids. Products of activated glia increase neuronal excitability via numerous mechanisms, including direct receptor-mediated actions, upregulation of excitatory amino acid receptor function, downregulation of GABA receptor function, and so on. These downstream effects of glial activation amplify pain, suppress acute opioid analgesia, contribute to the apparent loss of opioid analgesia upon repeated opioid administration (tolerance), and contribute to the development of opioid dependence. The potential implications of such glial regulation of pain and opioid actions are vast, suggestive that targeting glia and their proinflammatory products may provide a novel and effective therapy for controlling clinical pain syndromes and increasing the clinical utility of analgesic drugs.

Analgesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New frontiers in the pathology and therapy of heart valve disease: 2006 Society for Cardiovascular Pathology, Distinguished Achievement Award Lecture, United States-Canadian Academy of Pathology, Atlanta, GA, February 12, 2006.

This review summarizes several areas relative to the pathology of heart valve disease in which there has been rapid and ongoing evolution, namely, our understanding of: (a) the dynamic functional biology of cardiac valves; and (b) the pathology/pathobiology of valvular heart diseases; (c) new developments in valve repair and substitution using percutaneous approaches; and (d) progress toward the exciting potential of therapeutic valvular tissue engineering and regeneration, including the challenges that will need to be overcome before such therapeutic advances can become clinically useful.

Heart Valve Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Costenbader Lecture. The efficacy of rectus muscle transposition surgery in esotropic Duane syndrome and VI nerve palsy.

BACKGROUND: Partial tendon transposition was first described by Hummelshein in 1907. Full tendon transposition was reported by Schillinger in 1959. Recently, full tendon transposition with posterior augmentation was reported by Foster in 1997. I will review current thinking concerning the anatomy and physiology of rectus muscle transposition and present our current clinical experience with this procedure in Duane syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective review of vertical rectus muscle transposition procedures in patients with VI Nerve palsy was performed comparing the postoperative field of single binocular vision, amount of improved abduction, and change in the primary esotropic angle. In addition, a consecutive series of vertical rectus muscle transposition cases for the treatment of esotropic Duane syndrome is presented, evaluating the improvement and head position, abduction, and reduction of the primary position esotropia. RESULTS: In VI Nerve palsy patients, vertical rectus transposition surgery produces 41 degrees to 71 degrees of binocular visual field with 10 degrees to 21 degrees of binocular field in abduction. In esotropic Duane syndrome the surgical procedure produces 42 degrees to 66 degrees of binocular field and a correction of approximately 15 degrees of face turn. Variability in the efficacy of the procedure is related to the degree of ipsilateral medial rectus contracture. CONCLUSION: Vertical rectus transposition with posterior fixation can create a binocular diplopia-free field of 40 to 70 degrees in patients with VI Nerve palsy and about 40 to 65 degrees in patients with Duane syndrome. Partial rectus muscle transposition is an effective procedure in cases where surgery on multiple rectus muscles has been or will be required. Orbital wall fixation of the lateral rectus muscle is an effective and reversible method to inactivate a lateral rectus muscle and may be useful in cases of Duane syndrome with marked anomalous innervation and severe cocontraction.

Abducens Nerve Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Costenbader Lecture. The factor of time in retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE: To analyze and discuss the relationship between the factor of time and our understanding of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: The author calls upon 30 years of experience in clinical investigations of ROP to critically synthesize selected literature on ROP, with attention to the broad theme of time. Future opportunities for clinical research are also considered. RESULTS: Although retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) ultimately is self-limited in its course, it is highly variable in its severity and outcome. Both the CRYO-ROP and the ETROP studies paid close attention to the chronology of ROP events; however, they approached the question of when to randomize eyes for treatment not simply according to a time definition, but rather according to disease severity characteristics. Still, results of both these studies can be reviewed from a time perspective, and indeed the pace of progression was one of the risk variables considered for ETROP randomization. The optimal schedule under which to perform eye examinations for active ROP is changing, as our understanding of this disease continues to improve. DISCUSSION: The factor of time is interwoven throughout the clinical course of ROP. Randomized clinical trials have proven to be an extremely efficient scientific method of comparing alternative treatment strategies. In looking toward the future, further randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate rational clinical management of cases in which retinal ablative therapy fails to arrest ROP's progression.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed2005

ASCRS Binkhorst lecture 2004: the search for perfect vision: ophthalmology's Holy Grail?

Wavefront technology and wavefront-based vision correction are major advances but will not, in isolation, achieve the goal of perfect vision. Study of the animal kingdom teaches lessons of adaptation, leading to the conclusion that the human visual system is probably optimized for our ancestral hunter-gatherers, but today's visual demands have developed faster than the pace of evolution. Psychophysical studies of perception emphasize the importance of the visual processing system in the totality of visual function, with application today in areas such as multifocal intraocular lenses. The goal of "perfect vision" is more than optimized optics. A better understanding of visual function can be achieved only by a cooperative effort of ophthalmologists, vision scientists, and psychophysicists.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

2005 ESCRS Ridley Medal Lecture: will keratectasia be a major complication for LASIK in the long term?

The literature on keratoconus and progressive post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia (PPLK) was studied after a retrospective review of 137 highly myopic eyes (mean -15.58 diopters) 5 to 9 years after LASIK. Only 2 eyes developed keratectasia, 1 after automated lamellar keratolasty for myopia and 1 after myopic LASIK. In neither case was intraoperative pachymetry carried out. In the PPLK case, a residual stromal bed thickness (RSBT) of 120 microm was discovered when a retreatment was attempted on lifting the flap. The PPLK developed 2 years later. The obvious discrepancy between reported cases of PPLK and the expected rate from the incidences in larger retrospective studies and our own 15-year experience suggests that PPLK is not a significant complication provided the standard rules applying to the preoperative total corneal thickness and RSBT are observed. However, newer techniques for the study of posterior corneal changes and those involving corneal biomechanics should be used in the future to study the long-term effects of LASIK on the cornea.

Corneal Diseases↗