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PubMed2006

Intimidation.

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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1980

Postural reflex gelastic seizures.

A 26-year-old man had gelastic seizures ("laughing attacks") preceded by an aura of sexual pleasure. They were reflexly induced by volitional hyperextension of his neck and trunk. His EEGs showed a right temporal spike focus. We discuss the characteristics of this unique case.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Hemispheric asymmetry in the expression of positive and negative emotions. Neurologic evidence.

Three retrospective studies were conducted to examine functional brain asymmetry in the regulation of emotion. In the first study, reports of 119 cases were collected of pathological laughing and crying associated with destructive lesions. Pathological laughing was associated with predominantly right-sided damage, whereas pathological crying was associated with predominantly left-sided lesions. In the second study, 19 reports detailing mood following hemispherectomy were collected; right hemispherectomy was associated with euphoric mood change. In the third study, lateralization of epileptic foci was assessed in reports of 91 patients with ictal outbursts of laughing (gelastic epilepsy). Foci were most likely to be predominantly left-sided. The findings are congruent with studies of the effects of unilateral brain insult on mood, and a general model of hemispheric asymmetry in the regulation of emotion is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pathologic laughing and crying treated with levodopa.

Levodopa or amantadine hydrochloride was administered to 25 patients with pathologic laughing and/or crying. This symptom was markedly improved in ten cases, most of which were devoid of a cortical atrophy or a periventricular lucency in computed tomographic scan and also devoid of a severe dementia or a disturbance in activity of daily living. The concentration of homovanillic acid in the CSF of the patients was significantly decreased, whereas the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid remained within the normal limit. Because part of pathologic laughing and crying seems to be caused by the decreased function of the dopaminergic neuron, levodopa or amantadine is worth trying.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1990

Affective disorders in multiple sclerosis. Review and recommendations for clinical research.

This review of research on affective disorders in multiple sclerosis was prepared by members of the Cognitive Function Study Group of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (New York, NY) to call attention to the prevalence and seriousness of emotional disturbances in multiple sclerosis, and to encourage further investigation of these syndromes. We present English-language studies of euphoria, pathological laughing and weeping, depression, and bipolar disorder, describe methodological limitations, and suggest areas for future clinical research.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1998

A happy state of mind: a history of mild elation, denial of disability, optimism, and laughing in multiple sclerosis.

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is often looked on as a disorder of the sensory and motor systems, it can also be associated with changes in emotion and personality. Many patients with MS seem cheerful, optimistic about the future, and strangely unconcerned about their ongoing physical deterioration. In addition, patients with MS have a tendency to break into uncontrollable laughing, even when they have no reason to be happy. This article looks at how these seemingly upbeat affective changes were viewed by early researchers of MS, including Cruveilhier, Charcot, and Moxon during the 19th century and Cottrell, Wilson, and Ombredane in the 1920s. Frequently cited studies on the emotional correlates of MS from the mid-20th century are also presented, and some trends in the more recent literature are identified.

Affect↗
PubMed1983

Radial keratotomy. Effect on cornea and aqueous humor physiology in the rabbit.

Radial keratotomy may cause anatomical damage to the rabbit corneal endothelium. To determine if physiological and functional alterations occur, radial keratotomy was performed on rabbit corneas using eight incisions with sparing of a 3.5-mm central pupillary area. Cornea endothelial membrane permeabilities were determined at various times up to ten weeks following the procedure using simultaneous flux determinations of tritiated inulin and dextran labeled with radioactive carbon on isolated corneas. At all times after radial keratotomy, there was no probable physiologically important change in corneal endothelial permeability to either of the labeled compounds. Fluorophotometry performed in a second group of animals at varying intervals following radial keratotomy showed no probable physiologically important change in endothelial fluorescein permeability. Aqueous humor turnover rate was reduced 16% and 29% at one week and nine to ten weeks, respectively, following radial keratotomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Gelastic Epilepsy. Onset in neonatal period.

The phenomenon of gelastic epilepsy was first described in 1873, yet fewer than 100 patients with this disorder have been reported on to date. The purpose of this article is to report on the first two patients to our knowledge with the onset of these seizures in the immediate neonatal period. Both patients have been shown to have posterior hypothalamic mass lesions presumably of congenital origin, and have remained free of neurologic progression of the disease with conservative treatment.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Gelastic (laughing) seizures and precocious puberty.

Gelastic (laughing) seizures are a rare phenomenon with fewer than 150 cases previously reported. These seizures have been reported to have a benign course in children. This article reviews the small subgroup of seven patients in whom such seizures were associated with precocious puberty and adds one additional case. When gelastic seizures are associated with precocious puberty, the patients often have mental retardation.

Child↗