Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Information Science”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The empirical object of medical informatics.

Medical informatics is the science of information processing and the creation of information processing systems in medicine and health care delivery. Its methodological approach is based on the area specific applicability of a multidisciplinary theory of engineering and managing computerized information systems related to its empirical object. This paper gives a systemic view of the health care system, representing the empirical object of medical informatics.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2005

Chemoinformatics: a new field with a long tradition.

Chemoinformatics is the application of informatics methods to solve chemical problems. Although this term was introduced only a few years ago, this field has a long history with its roots going back more than 40 years. Work on chemical structure representation and searching, quantitative structure-activity relationships, chemometrics, molecular modeling as well as computer-assisted structure elucidation and synthesis design was initiated in the 1960s. These different origins have now merged into a discipline of its own that is in full bloom. All areas of chemistry from analytical chemistry to drug design can benefit from chemoinformatics methods. And there are still many challenging chemical problems waiting for solutions through the further development of chemoinformatics.

Chemistry↗
PubMed2006

Advanced course for doctors as Departmental IT Network Administrators in anesthesia and intensive care units.

The design and administration of a departmental computer network (Local Area Network) in anesthesiology and intensive care offer the opportunity to manage clinical information and control the work-flow. To improve the local network, after basic design, intelligence is necessary to maintain its efficiency. For this reason the role of a medical administrator of the network is fundamental because he is a qualified figure who recognizes the most important characteristics that a network must have, knows the users of the system, represents a valid consultant for the technician that has to build the network, and is able to face possible breakdowns. This paper illustrates the structure of a course to train a medical network administrator in anesthesiology and critical care.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗
PubMed1994

The evolution of research library buildings.

The principles of research library building planning established in the late 1940s emphasized flexibility of design; interspersal of books and readers; collaboration between librarians and architects; and an increased role for the library in education. Planning a medical research library in today's electronic environment requires attention to these principles as well as dealing with new and emerging technologies; economic constrains; new modes of scholarly research and communication; and the convergence of library science and information services on the campus. The social role of the library and the celebration of the book are factors common to both generations.

Architecture↗
PubMed1996

Vertical information flow in the brain: on neuronal micro events and consciousness.

The consciousness problem and its relation to theories of spontaneous brain activity are discussed. It is argued that an evolutionary perspective suggests an interactionist solution of the consciousness problem, i.e., mental events interact with physical brain events. A specification of the physical events assumed to be associated with mental events is proposed to make the discussion of mind-brain theories more fruitful. An interactionist solution of the consciousness problem requires random spontaneous brain activity. A mechanism for such activity is proposed on the basis of experimental findings. Some new results from patch-clamp experiments on intact tissue (the hippocampal slice preparation) are presented. The results indicate that single channel events may cause random spontaneous neuronal activity, illustrating the phenomenon of micro events inducing macro or global brain events, and also the central theme of vertical information flow. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the stochastic nature of channel gating.

Brain↗
PubMed1996

The psychobiology of mind-body communication: the complex, self-organizing field of information transduction.

The current information revolution in molecular biology has important implications for an new understanding of the phenomenology of mind, memory and behavior as a complex, self-organizing field of information transduction. This paper traces the pathways of information transduction in life processes from the molecular-genetic level to the dynamics of mind and behavior together with suggestions for future research exploring the psychobiology of mind-body communication and its implications for the psychotherapeutic arts of the future.

Genetics↗
PubMed1996

Defining systems based on information exchange: structure from dynamics.

We take the occasion of the workshop to examine a proposition that systems may be better defined in terms of interactions based on information exchange rather than on atomic elements. Although speculative, the paper is in the spirit of exploration within a workshop atmosphere. It is enough for us that the interactions be perceived to exist. On this basis, components become interactors, which signal each other through the exchange of information mediated by some interaction mechanism. At a minimum, interactions need only be imputed. Consequences for the appropriate definition of a system parameter based on our position are examined. Possible mathematical avenues are introduced. In the process, a connection with belief systems is explored.

Information Science↗
PubMed1996

Evolutionary strategies of stochastic learning automata in the prisoner's dilemma.

Stochastic learning automata (SLA) model stimulus-response species which receive feedback from the environment and adjust their mixed strategies in a Prisoner's Dilemma. A large heterogeneous population consists of SLA applying different strategies (i.e. different learning parameters) and other players applying deterministic strategies, Tit-For-Tat (TFT) or Always-Defect (ALLD). The predicted equilibria determine the payoffs within a generation for applying particular strategies and these equilibria are confirmed by simulation. The resultant population dynamics over many generations show that SLA with insensitive penalty responses strongly favor defection and dominate in subsequent generations over SLA with sensitive penalty responses. The SLA strategies are not evolutionarily stable as they can be invaded by TFT or ALLD. With the introduction of memory in the stimulus-response model, SLA learn to cooperate with TFT players.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1995

bioTk:componentry for genome informatics graphical user interfaces.

bioTk is a collection of graphical "widgets" and utilities that support application programming in the domain of bioinformatics. It is intended to establish a framework that encourages the development of communicating window-based applications and flexible, non-modal user interaction. The current release of bioTk has domain-specific widgets for chromosome ideogram displays, genome maps, and scrolling sequence windows.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Position of the American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners.

Sweeteners elicit pleasurable sensations with (nutritive) or without (nonnutritive) energy. Nutritive sweeteners (eg, sucrose, fructose) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), yet concern exists about increasing sweetener intakes relative to optimal nutrition and health. Dietary quality suffers at intakes above 25% of total energy (the Institutes of Medicine's suggested maximal intake level). In the United States, estimated intakes of nutritive sweeteners fall below this, although one in four children (ages 9 to 18 years) can surpass this level. Polyols (sugar alcohols), GRAS-affirmed or petitions filed for GRAS, add sweetness with reduced energy and functional properties to foods/beverages and promote dental health. Five nonnutritive sweeteners with intense sweetening power have FDA approval (acesulfame-K, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, sucralose) and estimated intakes below the Acceptable Daily Intake (level that a person can safely consume everyday over a lifetime without risk). By increasing palatability of nutrient-dense foods/beverages, sweeteners can promote diet healthfulness. Scientific evidence supports neither that intakes of nutritive sweeteners by themselves increase the risk of obesity nor that nutritive or nonnutritive sweeteners cause behavioral disorders. However, nutritive sweeteners increase risk of dental caries. High fructose intakes may cause hypertriglyceridemia and gastrointestinal symptoms in susceptible individuals. Thus, it is the position of The American Dietetic Association that consumers can safely enjoy a range of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners when consumed in a diet that is guided by current federal nutrition recommendations, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary References Intakes, as well as individual health goals. Dietetics professionals should provide consumers with science-based information about sweeteners and support research on the use of sweeteners to promote eating enjoyment, optimal nutrition, and health.

Absorption↗
PubMed2004

Conjugated linoleic acid: health implications and effects on body composition.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is attracting interest because of its purported effects on body composition, specifically a reduction in body fat mass and an increase in lean body mass. Other reported beneficial health-related effects of CLA include anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, antidiabetogenic, and immune modulating properties. Because research on CLA has been almost exclusively in animals and the mechanism(s) by which CLA exerts its effects remain largely unknown, scientists are extremely cautious about making definitive statements about CLA. Despite the limited research on CLA in human subjects, numerous Internet websites and health food stores sell CLA supplements or CLA-containing products as weight loss or ergogenic aids. The increasing popularity of CLA as a dietary supplement makes it important that dietitians and health professionals are aware of CLA and are able to provide the public with science-based information regarding CLA.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

What's happening - Scotblood 2006 advances in immunetolerance, information technology, microarrays and pathogen inactivation in transfusion medicine.

This commentary on Scotblood meeting aimed to provide a highlight on four areas of new development in blood transfusion medicine, based on the abstracts provided by the invited speakers. Dr. Jerard Seghatchian would like to express his sincere thanks to Prof. Robin Fraser, Chairman of the Scotblood Organising Committee, and Dr. Hagop Bessos, chairman of the Scotblood Programme Sub-Committee, for inviting him to attend this event and providing him with the essential material for this report.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed2003

The use of information technology among young adults--experience, attitudes and health beliefs.

The aim of this study was to explore attitudes, coherence and health beliefs among young adults, related to their use and experience of information technology (IT). A qualitative approach was used and the data were collected through individual thematised interviews with 25 young IT users, aged 18-24. The interviews were analysed in line with the grounded theory method with a constructivist approach. The main findings were the young adults' experience of the two sides of being social, efficient and independent here and now. They described almost unlimited opportunities in connection with IT, but they also had misgivings, and perceived risks regarding IT use. Feelings of freedom and being efficient were countered by feelings of restrictions on living space and of intangibility. Knowledge concerning these attitudes, coherence and health beliefs can be considered when designing epidemiological and ergonomic studies aimed at risk identification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A response by P. Benner to K. Cash, "Benner and expertise in nursing: a critique".

Articulating the knowledge, skill and ethos embedded in practice is the explicit goal of From Novice to Expert, in order to inform our science by raising new issues and questions. The work is not inherently conservative, since it does not assume a monolithic position in opposition to all other perspectives. It does not call for traditionalism, i.e. using tradition as the only source of authority and power. Instead, it attempts to articulate the best in our current practice while raising questions about the silences and hidden assumptions in the Cartesian tradition, a tradition which holds that there are, in principle, no limits to formalism, that skill is just a mechanistic following of formal propositions held as representations in the mind, that contrasts necessarily form oppositions and contradictions rather than discovery and dialogue, and that all perspectives are best understood from an objectivist point of view. Such a hegemonic epistemological stance may indeed be the most conservative position of all. If we continue to force our ways of knowing into one hegemonic mold for the sake of 'winning' in a power discourse, we may have 'lost' before we have begun, because our agenda will continue to be described and evaluated in terms of what it is not rather than in terms of what it is (Benner, 1994b).

Clinical Competence↗