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PubMedDate not supplied

APA Summit on Medical Student Education Task Force on Informatics and Technology: learning about computers and applying computer technology to education and practice.

OBJECTIVE: This article provides a brief overview of important issues for educators regarding medical education and technology. METHODS: The literature describes key concepts, prototypical technology tools, and model programs. A work group of psychiatric educators was convened three times by phone conference to discuss the literature. Findings were presented to and input was received from the 2005 Summit on Medical Student Education by APA and the American Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry. RESULTS: Knowledge of, skills in, and attitudes toward medical informatics are important to life-long learning and modern medical practice. A needs assessment is a starting place, since student, faculty, institution, and societal factors bear consideration. Technology needs to "fit" into a curriculum in order to facilitate learning and teaching. CONCLUSION: Learning about computers and applying computer technology to education and clinical care are key steps in computer literacy for physicians.

Computer User Training↗

PubMed1993

Standards of medical informatics in Japan.

Standardization activities related to medical informatics in Japan are briefly introduced in this paper. Because two kinds of portable media that are MODs (Magneto Optical Disk) and IC cards are supposed to be practically used in medicine, standardization works are currently supported by Japanese government. With an introduction of the organizations their standards and policy are explained.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed1993

Medical informatics vocabulary.

In order that medical informaticians can create Open Systems for health care, they need to have a common language. Efforts in the 1980s at the National Library of Medicine to create a Medical Informatics Vocabulary (MIVoc) have been useful for document indexing purposes, but need to be continued and extended. The Committee of European Normalization Technical Committee 251 has created a project team for MIVoc, and that team has used both automatic and manual methods and referenced many sources in producing a vocabulary that has support from numerous experts in Europe. MIVoc has both a glossary and a tree structure. The glossary has about 250 terms with detailed definitions that include various explanations and pointers. One critical pointer is the semantic link to other terms in MIVoc from a which a tree-structure is inferred. The success of MIVoc clearly depends on its being used, which in the long run depends also on the vocabulary being maintained.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

WWW as a teaching resource for introductory medical informatics in primary care.

This pro and contra report assesses the current state of the WWW as a teaching aid for Medical Informatics, using the experience gained from the delivery of a module to a heterogeneous group of health workers enrolled in an MSc/PgDip in Primary Care. The students were expected to act as both information consumers in a directed bibliographic retrieval task and information providers for Primary Care. The students' perceptions as to the usefulness and local relevance of current resources on the world wide web (WWW) are discussed.

Curriculum↗

PubMed2006

Progress and challenges of ubiquitous informatics in health care.

Ubiquitous informatics in health care can be seen as its pervasively presence everywhere, at home as well as in office and patient room, for various purposes such as patient follow up, health care professional training, aid to decision making and to public health management. Its worldwide rapid extension could only happen in relation to major progresses such as overall availability of personal computers, diffusion through the worldwide web as well as coverage of almost all fields of medicine. Challenges include a profound change in patient-physician relationship, a reform in health care management and financial methods, as well as the need to identify uniquely all healthcare partners, while respecting confidentiality and private life.

Belgium↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The main objectives in using informatics in medicine].

The costly application of informatics in practical medicine should be associated with unequivocal clear motivation. Three important problems are presented whose solution is possible only by computer use: integration of health information on each citizen in the country with recording of this information in a modern carried which is possessed by each patient, wide availability of modern medical computerized medical documentation for research and statistical analysis, and computer-assisted rational economics of health care services.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed1995

Open standards in medical informatics.

Over the last few years, there has been a major effort devoted to formalizing standards for healthcare. It is vital that such standards are fully "open," whether developed by formal standards bodies or otherwise. This paper discusses the various standards developed and in the process of being developed, including information on the standards process with particular reference to medical informatics. It also discusses a recent initiative in the United Kingdom National Health Service to ensure that formal standards are specified in procurements.

Europe↗

PubMed1995

Integrating medical informatics into an undergraduate medical curriculum.

his paper outlines a rationale for medical schools to integrate medical informatics into their curricula. The approach used in the problem-based undergraduate curriculum at Dalhousie University School of Medicine is presented in three areas: organizational structure, implementation, and curriculum development. Seven goal areas defined to guide the curriculum development process are described.

Computer Literacy↗

PubMed2001

Image understanding methods in biomedical informatics and digital imaging.

This paper will present new possibilities for the application of image recognition methods and AI application in biomedical informatics as well as semantically oriented analysis of 2D images of coronary arteries originating from coronography examinations. In particular this paper presents the possibilities for computer analysis and recognition of local stenoses of the lumen of coronary arteries via the application of syntactic methods of pattern recognition. Such stenoses are the result of the appearance of arteriosclerosis plaques, which in consequence lead to different forms of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Such diseases may be seen in the form of stable or unstable disturbances of heart rhythm or infarction. Analysis of the correct morphology of these artery lumina is made possible with the application of syntactic analysis and pattern recognition methods, in particular with the attribute, context-free grammar of look-ahead LR(1) type.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed1992

Tools for medical informatics.

Informatics uses words, terms and expressions of various scientific disciplines. The proposed tools, hermeneutics and phenomenology, generate a basis for quality control by establishing the authenticity and validity of such expressions. Without such tools there is the danger that poorly defined expressions obscure true meaning and prevent progress. The method is demonstrated on "objects" as used in "object oriented programming" and on "open systems" as used in the International Standards Organization model for "open system interconnection."

Medical Informatics↗

PubMed1990

Medical informatics: the substantive discipline behind health care computer systems.

The computer is rapidly becoming an interactive workstation for medical research and for clinical decision-making and it has become a preferred instrument for communication and documentation throughout health care. However, when the attempt is made to use the rigid conventions of information processing to impose order on the characteristically volatile and unpredictable phenomena encountered in the clinical setting, deep seated logical issues are uncovered. This challenge has generated the new field of Medical Informatics, one major goal of which is to formulate computer logics that can properly relate the idealized descriptions of disease, the rules for medical practice and the general guidelines for health care to the intricate diversities encountered in the care of individual patients. The Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) program of the National Library of Medicine provides the most ambitious environment for research in this new endeavor.

Expert Systems↗

PubMed1995

European standards development in healthcare informatics: actual and future challenges.

This paper focuses on the current and future standardisation activities in CEN TC251 (European Standardisation Committee, Technical Committee on Medical Informatics). The progress of the Committee's standards development is summarized per working group. The main challenges of the next years are enumerated: coordination across working groups and project teams, quality management, and international harmonisation (especially with the USA).

Accreditation↗

PubMed1992

The European Community: standardization in medical informatics and imaging.

The use of informatics and telecommunications in health care and medicine has reached a stage where the application of standards is an absolute requirement. The AIM Programme of the CEC DGXIII stimulated the study of the subject, and has supported the set up of an official European platform for standardization in this field, the CEN TC251. The needs for standardization in one of the subareas, medical imaging, are described in detail. The future solutions of the problems concerned are regarded prerequisites for the general and practical use of PACS and IMACS.

European Union↗

PubMed2005

The implementation of managed care for diabetes using medical informatics in a large Preferred Provider Organization.

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated by meta analysis that if a regular review of patients is guaranteed, the standard of primary care can be as good or better than hospital outpatient care, however, empirical data suggests that compliance with diabetes clinical practice recommendations is inadequate in primary care. This study describes the reorganization of diabetes care using disease management principles in a Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) operating on a country-wide basis in which each diabetes clinic became responsible for the overall care of all patients with diabetes. METHODS: This descriptive pre and post change study was undertaken in a large public-funded PPO insuring over one and half million individuals. The study was possible due the use of a centralized electronic disease registry which enabled the collection of all patient data. Several markers, such as HbA1C and LDC-cholesterol levels, were used to assess the quality of care for the diabetic patients. RESULTS: Mean HbA1C results of the cohort showed a continuous reduction from 8.1% (S.D. = 1.55) in 1999 to 7.68% (S.D. = 1.47) in 2002 and to 7.79 (S.D. = 1.54) in 2004. Improved results were also recorded for LDL-C 126.37 (S.D. = 35.16) in 1999 to 114.74 (S.D. = 34.49) in 2002, and to 113.39 (S.D. = 33.8) in 2004. The number of diabetic patients seen by the diabetologist increased by 62% over this period, despite an increase in diabetologist work hours of only 23%. CONCLUSION: The reorganization of health delivery for diabetic patients within a country-wide PPO, based on the principles of disease management and supported by medical informatics improves quality of care.

Cholesterol, LDL↗

PubMed2006

Informatics solutions for high-throughput proteomics.

The success of mass-spectrometry-based proteomics as a method for analyzing proteins in biological samples is accompanied by challenges owning to demands for increased throughput. These challenges arise from the vast volume of data generated by proteomics experiments combined with the heterogeneity in data formats, processing methods, software tools and databases that are involved in the translation of spectral data into relevant and actionable information for scientists. Informatics aims to provide answers to these challenges by transferring existing solutions from information management to proteomics and/or by generating novel computational methods for automation of proteomics data processing.

Databases, Protein↗

PubMed2004

Introducing a technology-enabled problem-based learning approach into a health informatics curriculum.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect on learner satisfaction of introducing a technology-enabled problem-based learning (PBL) approach into a health informatics curriculum. Course redesign was undertaken to prepare students for three 4-month work terms and a rapidly changing professional environment upon graduation. METHODS: Twenty-six Canadian undergraduate students of a redesigned course in biomedical fundamentals completed a midterm questionnaire in 2002. Eight of these students participated in a focus group. RESULTS: Students agreed that seven of nine functions provided by the web-based online course management system enhanced their learning: private email (92.3%), calendaring (88.5%), course notes (88.5%), discussion forums (84.5%), online grades (84.5%) assignment descriptions (80.8%) and online quizzes (80.8%). Although students agreed that two PBL activities enhanced learning (learning to present information) (84.5%) and learning to identify information needed (73.1%), the majority of students (69.2%) expressed a preference for the traditional lecture approach over the PBL approach. Students reported feeling uncertain of what was required of them and related anxiety accounted for most of the negative feedback. CONCLUSION: These findings give us clear goals for improvement in the course beginning with a comprehensive, carefully guided introduction to the processes of PBL. The positive trends are encouraging for the use of web-enabled courseware and for the further development of the PBL approach.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed2004

Protecting the patient by promoting end-user competence in health informatics systems-moves towards a generic health computer user "driving license".

The effectiveness and quality of health informatics systems' support to healthcare delivery are largely determined by two factors-the suitability of the system installed, and the competence of the users. However, the profile of users of large-scale clinical health systems is significantly different from the profile of end-users in other enterprises such as the finance sector, insurance, travel or retail sales. Work with a mental health provider in Ireland, who was introducing a customized electronic patient record (EPR) system, identified the strong legal and ethical importance of adequately skills for the health professionals and others, who would be the system users. The experience identified the need for a clear and comprehensive generic user qualification at a basic but robust level. The European computer driving license (ECDL) has gained wide recognition as a basic generic qualification for users of computer systems. However, health systems and data have a series of characteristics that differentiate them from other data systems. The logical conclusion was the recognition of a need for an additional domain-specific qualification-an "ECDL Health Supplement". Development of this is now being progressed.

Computer Literacy↗

PubMed2004

Assessing informatics students' satisfaction with a web-based courseware system.

This study assessed health informatics student satisfaction with two subsequent versions of Prometheus, a web-based courseware system. Prometheus versions 4 and 5 were assessed to gauge the effect of modifications to improve the usability of the system. The Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction (QUIS, version 7.0) was administered at the end of fall semester 2001 (in which Prometheus version 4 was used) and again at the end of Spring 2002 (in which Prometheus version 5 was used). QUIS contains measures of user satisfaction of the overall system and 11 specific dimensions, including screen, terminology and system information, learning, system capabilities, manuals and online help, multimedia, and teleconferencing. In general, students had favorable judgments of Prometheus, and their satisfaction level remained relatively stable across the two versions. However, usability enhancements incorporated into version 5 produced no significant differences in student satisfaction ratings. The results of this study provide a benchmark for comparing the relative usability of alternative courseware systems and demonstrate the utility of user satisfaction surveys for assessing and improving courseware systems. With increases in the need for compliance education and the education of clinicians with 'just in time knowledge', courseware systems will become an integral part of the clinical information systems, increasing the importance of usability studies such as this one.

Adult↗