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PubMed1986

Further evidence for gastroprotection induced by aluminium hydroxide in the rat.

The effect of aluminium hydroxide on the development of gastric mucosal lesions induced by microcirculatory disturbances was investigated in the rat. Aluminium hydroxide dose-dependently inhibited the serotonin-induced gastric damages. Carbachol give subcutaneously intensified the development both of ethanol-produced gastric erosions and of indometacin-induced lesions. Al(OH)3 was able to counteract the damaging effect of the compounds mentioned. The gastroprotective effect of Al(OH)3 may be explained by the release of vasodilating prostaglandins into the submucosa; and by the slight spasmolytic effect of aluminium that also contributes to the improvement of the mucosal blood supply.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1985

Aluminum hydroxide gel bezoar--CT diagnosis.

An obstructing aluminum hydroxide gel bezoar was first recognized on a retrograde gastrografin study through an ileostomy. In retrospect, a computed tomographic (CT) scan had demonstrated the bezoar as a high density intraluminal mass surrounded by somewhat less dense contrast material distending the bowel. A CT image of a phantom made of aluminum hydroxide gel surrounded by gastrografin was remarkably similar.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The influence of aluminium hydroxide on the bioavailability of feprazone. Single dose study.

The influence of aluminium hydroxide (given as a suspension, Aludrox) on the oral bioavailability of feprazone was tested. The degree and speed of absorption of feprazone from capsules (400 mg feprazone as a single dose; 8 volunteers) was investigated by determining plasma levels of feprazone and one of its metabolites using an HPLC method. No statistically significant change in feprazone kinetics caused by the antacid was evident. Cmax (means +/- SEM) decreased from 40.6 +/- 2.9 to 36.25 +/- 1.4 micrograms/ml; the mean area under the plasma level time curve was somewhat higher after additional administration of aluminium hydroxide (n. s.).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cure of chronic hepatitis B after treatment with basic aluminum hydroxide. One case report (author's transl)].

The authors describe a case of cure of chronic hepatitis B. This therapy chronic hepatitis B was corticotherapy dependent and the cure appeared during a treatment with basic aluminum hydroxide. This drug is an adjuvant of immunity. Clinical and biological disturbances disappeared. An improvement of the histological liver disturbances during hepatitis cure had been noticed. Three years later no recurrence was observed. After a short review of published literature, the authors discuss the mode of action of basic aluminum hydroxide.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Aluminum hydroxide in the symptomatic treatment of infants with chronic diarrhea.

Two neonates with milk intolerance and two older infants, one with acute gastroenteritis and the other with prolonged malnutrition, developed chronic diarrhea. Despite bowel rest, total parenteral nutrition, and alterations in the protein and carbohydrate content of the milk preparations used, every attempt to feed them resulted in diarrhea. All four patients were given aluminum hydroxide because of its bile salt-binding activity and its tendency to cause constipation. Coincident with its administration the diarrhea stopped and the enteral feedings were successfully reinstituted. The only complication seen was the development of constipation in two of the infants; this responded to lowering of the dose of the aluminum hydroxide.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1983

Accumulation of aluminum in a nondialyzed uremic child receiving aluminum hydroxide.

A child with renal insufficiency was treated with the oral phosphate binder aluminum hydroxide from age 6 to 31 months. The prescribed dose of elemental aluminum varied from 31 to 108 mg/kg/d. Concurrently the patient developed vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia which failed to improve with parathyroidectomy. Encephalopathy with myoclonic seizures, loss of speech, and motor impairment also occurred. Serum and bone aluminum levels were elevated at 334 micrograms/L (normal 7 +/- 3 micrograms/L) and 156 mg/kg (normal 3.3 +/- 2.9 mg/kg), respectively. This case demonstrates that aluminum may accumulate in tissue of children receiving oral aluminum hydroxide. The accumulation of aluminum may have contributed to the vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia and the encephalopathy in this patient. Children receiving aluminum-containing antacids as phosphate binders should be monitored for aluminum accumulation and signs of aluminum intoxication.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1978

Vaccination against canine bordetellosis using an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant vaccine.

Six collie dogs, eight weeks old, were inoculated intramuscularly with an aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted preparation of killed Bordetella bronchiseptica; the inoculation was repeated after two weeks. Two weeks after the second inoculation, the vaccinated dogs and a comparable group of six unvaccinated animals were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of pathogenic B bronchiseptica. All six unvaccinated control dogs developed respiratory disease characterised by persistent coughing. In contrast, four of the vaccinated dogs remained free from clinical respiratory disease while, in the other two dogs, disease was less severe and of shorter duration than in controls. At necropsy, there were only slight changes in the lungs of vaccinated dogs but in controls there was a severe tracheobronchitis with areas of exudative pneumonia. Bacteriological examination showed a marked reduction in the numbers of B bronchiseptica isolated from the respiratory tract of vaccinated animals compared with controls. An aluminium hydroxide adjuvant vaccine may be of value in controlling naturally occurring respiratory disease in dogs in which B bronchiseptica is involved.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polycarboxylate cement as a cavity-sealing material for the calcium hydroxide pulpotomy: a retrospective study.

Polycarboxylate cement was evaluated as a cavity-sealing material in calcium hydroxide pulpotomies of primary molars. The lifespan of these teeth (N = 55) were compared with that of the corresponding teeth on the contralateral sides. The success rate for the treatment was 75.5 percent after one year and at least 61.9 percent after two years. Significant shorter life-spans were found in primary teeth with pulpotomy than in those without it. However, polycarboxylate cement can be a suitable alternative for zinc oxide-eugenol as a cavity sealing material in calcium hydroxide pulpotomies.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of glass-ionomer cement and calcium hydroxide liners in amalgam restorations.

This study compared the caries inhibition and microleakage of two liners under amalgam restorations. Thirty-two molars received mesio-occlusal and disto-occlusal Class II cavity preparations. Calcium hydroxide was randomly placed as a liner in one preparation of each tooth and glass-ionomer cement liner was placed in the other. Amalgam restorations were placed. Teeth were axially loaded and an acid-protective varnish was placed. Teeth were placed into artificial saliva for 3 months, thermocycled, and cycled through a caries challenge. Sections were obtained from 20 teeth and photographed under polarized light. The remaining teeth were placed in 2% basic fuchsin and sectioned. A t-test indicated that restorations with glass-ionomer cement liners exhibited significantly less demineralization and microleakage than did restorations with calcium hydroxide liners.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of the compressive strength of calcium hydroxide based lining materials.

This in vitro study investigated the compressive strength of five commercially available calcium hydroxide based lining materials and a resin bonded zinc oxide/eugenol material under varying conditions of temperature and relative humidity and at various ++time intervals after mixing. The results of the study showed that the calcium hydroxide liners could be consistently ranked in order with Dycal most frequently having the highest and either Life or Renew having the lowest compressive strength at all time intervals examined. Under simulated clinical conditions all the materials tested with the exception of Life and Renew had sufficient compressive strength 3 minutes after mixing to withstand the force of amalgam condensation.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1996

[Three-dimensional structures of the nonpigmented epithelium of the dog ciliary body--application of sodium hydroxide digestion to scanning electron microscopic observation of the ciliary epithelium].

The nonpigmented epithelium (NPE) of the dog ciliary body was three-dimensionally observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using sodium hydroxide digestion. The inner limiting membrane of the NPE and the zonular fibers covering the NPE were completely dissolved in 6N sodium hydroxide for 10-15 minutes at 60 degrees C, although the surface structures of the plasma membrane were remarkably preserved despite the rather rigorous treatment. Thus, the entire surface of the NPE was exposed for SEM. The surface of the NPE at the anterior part of the pars plicata was flat, but many complex processes were observed in the surfaces of the NPE as lateral walls of the middle and posterior parts of the pars plicata, to which the zonular fibers had adhered. The processes were more prominent in the middle portion and gradually flattened near the posterior portion. Many pit-like structures and drumstick-like processes of the plasma membrane were localized at the apex of the ciliary process.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the pulpal response to freeze-dried bone, calcium hydroxide, and zinc oxide-eugenol in primary teeth in two cynomolgus monkeys.

This study assessed the pulp healing response to human freeze-dried bone (FDB) in two cynomolgus monkeys using 36 noncarious primary teeth pulpotomized and randomly assigned to three medicaments. FDB was applied on the pulp stumps and covered with sterile tin foil as experimental group. The two other groups received either calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], or IRM (reinforced ZOE). All teeth were restored with amalgam. One animal was sacrificed at 6 weeks and the other 6 months after treatment. Teeth were extracted and placed in 10% formalin. Histological evaluation indicated that 100% of teeth treated with FDB had vital pulps compared with 75% of the Ca(OH)2 group after 6 weeks. Dentin bridges were present in 87.5% of FDB versus 75% of Ca(OH)2 group. Inflammatory cells were absent or mild in 100% of FDB-treated versus 75% of the Ca(OH)2 group. After 6 months, 83.3% of FDB-treated teeth had vital pulps compared with the Ca(OH)2 group, which showed 100% pulpal necrosis. In FDB-treated pulps, 100% of teeth showed dentin bridges versus 50% of teeth treated with Ca(OH)2. Inflammatory cells were absent or mildly present in 83.3% of FDB-treated teeth while 100% of Ca(OH)2 showed moderate to severe inflammation. IRM-treated teeth all showed pulpal necrosis after 6 months. We concluded that FDB was superior to calcium hydroxide in treating primary pulp dentition in cynomolgus monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Mechanism of action of calcium and hydroxyl ions of calcium hydroxide on tissue and bacteria.

The biological and bacteriological action of calcium hydroxide confer to its current success as an intracanal dressing. For this reason the mechanism of action of calcium and hydroxyl ions on tissue and bacteria deserves further study. The objective of the present paper is to analyze and discuss the mechanism of action of calcium and hydroxyl ions on anaerobic bacteria, starting from the isolated study of the influence of pH on these bacteria , as well as the mechanism of action of calcium hydroxide on tissue.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of calcium phosphate cement mixture and pure calcium hydroxide as direct pulp-capping agents.

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and pure calcium hydroxide were used as direct pulp-capping agents on the deliberately exposed pulp tissue of 60 teeth in five monkeys. Their effects on the pulp tissue of individual teeth were observed and histologically compared after 12, 20 and 24 weeks. The results showed that both materials produced similar responses with regard to their biocompatibility and induction of hard tissue barrier formation. Vasodilatation, chronic inflammation and calcification nidi scattered within the pulp tissue of the 12-week group were observed. Twenty weeks after application of capping materials, a crude reparative dentinal bridge with inclusion of soft tissue or bulky capping agents appeared. A more mature, hard tissue barrier with a better degree of mineralization and formation of dentinal tubules was demonstrated in the 24-week group. The above findings associated with the abilities of self-setting and fair compressive strength suggest that CPC appears superior to pure calcium hydroxide and may have potential for clinical application, although many issues remain to be further investigated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted Escherichia coli bacterin in turkey poults.

Aluminium hydroxide-adjuvanted Escherichia coli bacterins were evaluated for efficacy in protecting turkeys against homologous challenge. In each of six trials involving four different E. coli serotypes, poults in one group received a single subcutaneous injection at 1 day of age, poults in a second group were vaccinated twice at 1 and 14 days of age, and those in a third nonvaccinated group served as controls. Vaccinated and control turkeys were challenged at 4 wk of age and survivors were necropsied 1 wk later. Mortality and gross lesion scores of both vaccinated groups were compared with those of the nonvaccinated group. Poults vaccinated twice had significantly lower mortality and less severe gross lesions than poults receiving no vaccine prior to challenge. Immunization with one or two injections of aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted E. coli bacterin did not impair weight gain of poults.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Chemical analysis of the liberation of calcium and hydroxyl ions from calcium hydroxide pastes in connective tissue in the dog--Part I.

The objective of this research is to chemically analyze calcium hydroxide pastes added to three hydrosoluble vehicles having different acid-base characteristics using polyethylene tubes implanted in subcutaneous connective tissue in a dog, evaluating the liberation of calcium and hydroxyl ions over a period of 7, 30, 45 and 60 days. The three vehicles were saline, anesthetic, and polyethylene glycol 400. Chemical analysis of the liberated calcium ions was done by means of conductimetry using EDTA for titration. Liberation of hydroxyl ions was determined by analogy of calcium ions liberated, which are in direct proportion to the molecular weight of calcium hydroxide.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Conservative treatment of a case of periapical lesion with complications. Report of a case and calcium hydroxide therapy].

A case and treatment of extraoral fistula on the chin-caused by necrotic pulp of lower left canine--is being presented. In this case an endodontic origin should always be considered from the aspect of differential diagnosis. Nonsurgical endodontic therapy, sometimes complimented by surgery, or extraction are the treatment modalities of these cases. For the treatment calcium hydroxide powder mixed with chlorhexidin gluckonat (0.1%) was used. Usage of calcium hydroxide paste was leaded to rapid and successful healing of extraoral lesions communicating with necrotic tooth.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of rheumatoid synovitis of the knee with intraarticular injection of dysprosium 165-ferric hydroxide macroaggregates.

One hundred eight knees of 93 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and persistent synovitis of the knee were treated with an intraarticular injection of 270 mCi of dysprosium 165 bound to ferric hydroxide macroaggregate. Leakage of radioactivity from the injected joint was minimal. Mean leakage to the venous blood 3 hours after injection was 0.11% of the injected dose; this corresponds to a mean whole body dose of 0.2 rads. Mean leakage to the liver 24 hours after injection was 0.64% of the injected dose; this corresponds to a mean liver dose of 3.2 rads. In 7 additional patients examined, there was negligible or near negligible activity found in the draining inguinal lymph nodes. One-year followup was possible for 74 knees (63 patients). Sixty-one percent of the knees had good results, 23% had fair results, and 16% had poor results. There was a direct correlation between the radiographic stage and response to treatment. In knees with stage I radiographic changes, 72% showed good results; 93% showed improvement. In knees with stage II changes, 59% showed good results; 81% showed improvement. These preliminary results indicate that dysprosium 165-ferric hydroxide macroaggregate is an effective agent for radiation synovectomy. The low leakage rates observed offer a definite advantage over agents previously used.

Adult↗