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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[A case-control study of the risk factors for lung cancer among Chinese women who have never smoked].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for lung cancer among women who had never smoked. Methods A 1:2 matched case-control study was carried out. The cases are the no-smoking female patients with the primary lung cancer diagnosed by pathology mothed from hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu between September 2001 and February 2004. One hospital control and one population control matched for age, sex and no-smoking et al., were enrolled. The case and control were interviewed about the exposure information of related factors using the uniform questionnaire. Statistical analysis of single-factor and multivariate conditional Logistic regression were performed to screen the risk factors of lung cancer. RESULTS: During the single-factoranalysis, 28 exposure factors were identified as risk factors for lung cancer. The multivariate conditional Logistic regression show that passive smoking index > or = 50 person * year (OR = 1.77,95% CI, 1.07 - 2.92), consumption of internal organs of animals (OR = 1.85,95% CI, 1.06 - 3.22), and occupational exposure to dust (OR = 2.47,95% CI, 1.21 - 5.03) and bad ventilation in workplace( OR = 4.02,95% CI, 1.74 - 9.29) are risk factors for lung cancer, but consumption of vegetables( OR = 0.26, 95% CI, 0.12 - 0.59), taking vitamins often (OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.30 - 0.93), average month income per person after married > or = 500 yuan ( OR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.28 - 0.91) and the first procreation occurred between 24 and 30 years old (OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.32 - 0.90) are the protective factors for lung cancer. The dose-response were observed between passive smoking and risk rate of lung cancer by trend test. CONCLUSION: Some factors such as passive smoking, consumption of internal organs of animals, occupational exposure to dust and bad ventilation in workplace can increase the risk of lung cancer for women who had never smoked. Other factors such as consumption of vegetables, taking vitamins, and so on, can reduce the risk of lung cancer for women who had never smoked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Fertilization in vitro and embryo transfer].

After a brief historical survey and review of the main Swiss centres engaged in medically assisted procreation, the indications for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) are discussed. This technique offers the sterility specialist a new approach in allowing separate investigation of the two gametes and study of their interactions. This therapeutic approach to infertility is thus supplemented by biological data which may modify or highlight some of the etiologic aspects and promote new treatments. The techniques employed at our centre and the results obtained over the past four years are presented. Analysis of IVF pregnancies shows that the obstetric risks can be associated with the characteristics of the groups treated rather than with the IVF technique.

Corpus Luteum Maintenance↗
PubMed1997

[Surgical treatment of genitourinary prolapse by the abdominal approach. Apropos of a series of 232 cases].

Two hundred and thirty two patients with genitourinary prolapse were operated via an abdominal incision between 1981 and 1994. The technique consisted of retroperitoneal promontofixation, systematically associated with a retropubic colposuspension, levator myorrhaphy, Douglassectomy and uterosacral ligamentoplasty. The mean age of operated patients was 52.57 years (30-85 years), the mean follow-up was 17.8 months (1-105). 65 patients (27.7%) had a history of foetal macrosomy, 125 women (53.4%) were delivered without forceps or expression, and 2 patients (0.8%) had never procreated. The main presenting complaint was prolapse in 197 patients (84.4%), while 140 patients complained of urinary incontinence (60.3%). A urodynamic assessment was systematically performed before the operation and revealed defective transmission in 160 cases (71%); sphincter incompetence in 62 cases (62/228 cases, i.e. 27%); a combination of sphincter incompetence and defective transmission in 40 cases (17.7%). The results were assessed in terms of anatomical and functional parameters. The anatomical results revealed 21 recurrences, the majority of which were posterior recurrences, and the functional results were marked by urinary functional disorders such as urinary incontinence (30%), urgent micturition (14%) and dyspareunia (21%).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Structural studies on nuclear receptors.

Nuclear receptors are DNA-binding factors which regulate the transcription of sets of specific genes in response to cognate ligands, usually small lipophilic molecules, thus controlling numerous physiological events in development, procreation, homeostasis, and cellular life. Their ligand-dependent activity makes nuclear receptors obvious targets for drug design in many therapeutic areas. Crystallographic studies have revealed the structure of isolated domains but not, yet, of a whole protein, probably due to an intrinsic flexibility at work in nuclear receptor action. The structure of DNA-binding domain dimers in complex with an oligonucleotide has brought insights into how nuclear receptors recognize and bind to their target sequences ('response elements'). The structure of several ligand-binding domains in different ligation states has provided evidence for a ligand-dependent transcriptional switch and a molecular basis for the mode of action of agonists and antagonists.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

[Andrologic anomalies in various gastrointestinal diseases].

In several gastroenterological diseases andrological anomalies have become known. From this point of view up to now the liver cirrhosis has been examined most frequently. In patients with cirrhosis apparently the two functions of the testicles are disturbed. On the one hand, a decreased or missing fertility is to be assumed, on the other hand, a cirrhosis does not always exclude the procreative capacity. The hormone analyses plead for the fact that the hypogonadism might rather be conditioned testicularly, in which case the direct toxicity of alcohol may be of importance. In haemochromatosis the hypogonadism develops by a combined mechanism. The cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is practically always associated with a male infertility. In Crohn's disease a disturbance of the spermatogenesis is observed. Even the salazo-sulphapyridine therapy is accompanied by unfavourable influences on the spermiogramme. Cimetidine used in the ulcer therapy shows a certain antiandrogenic effect and after a longer time may evoke impotence and other undesirable andrological side-effects which we, however, did not realize in 4 weeks treatment periods.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1997

Genetic risk in natural and medically assisted procreation.

Current in vitro fertilization techniques (IVF) including intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), microepididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) clearly prevent any spontaneous choice of ova or spermatozoa. According to the widely admitted concept of gamete selection, pregnancies following IVF, when compared to natural fertilization, could therefore present a higher risk of genetic anomalies. However, no increased fetal or newborn abnormalities are noticed with IVF, except perhaps for sex chromosome aneuploidies. Data from the literature support the view that the uterus is, indeed, the organ where selection mechanisms occur (when they do so), as suggested by Carr in 1971. This selection concerns mainly autosome imbalances; unbalanced conceptuses are aborted. Sex chromosome aneuploidies, apparently, are less prone to natural abortion, but their higher rate of occurrence, as reported in a few series of studies, does not seem to be associated with the IVF procedures.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Approach to sexuality in an AIDS context in Congo].

The pandemic due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is extensive in Sub-Saharan Africa and especially in Congo. Congo is a small country on the Atlantic coast and characterized by plentiful equatorial forests and low population density (essentially urban). In Congo, there is a high prevalence of HIV. The social and economic consequences of AIDS add to those of a recent civil war in 1997. There were fratricidal confrontations before and after this period. These confrontations have led to a massive exodus of the inhabitants of the capital, Brazzaville, to the forests and neighbouring cities, essentially towards Pointe-Noire. Pointe-Noire, chief place of the region of Kouilou, in the South of the country, is the second city of Congo and the economic Capital. It is undoubtedly for this reason that it has been globally saved. In this context, a sanitary policy of prevention of sexual risky behavior can appear as a challenge. While it supposes a better knowledge of the sexual activity of the young people, it cannot be dissociated from the analysis of the other factors. These factors can be of socio-economic political or cultural order. Thus the influence of cultural variables in the field of sexuality is certainly preponderant in African countries, where sexuality is taboo. Sexuality is a private matter (personal intimacy and the couple), but concerns also the family (in the sense of membership in an extended domestic group or in a system of relationship) in its aspects related to procreation and to the social field (power, alliances). Such individual behaviour can be lived as a questioning of the social order. In this article, the authors question the place of sexuality in Congo, particularly based on the work of anthropologists [2, 6, 7, 9]. Research in the field of sexuality at adolescence is rather recent in France and investigations that have been done in Congo these last ten years do not exist. Meetings and exchanges in 1998 with high-school pupils and schoolboys and girls of Pointe-Noire, have shown that they had a high level of knowledge (about contamination by HIV). On the other hand, this has also been associated with a number of beliefs, which are higher than in France: relating to the possibilities of interpersonal contagion by saliva (by kissing), food. but also a contagion by mosquito bites. Some of these pupils (essentially boys) have asked us about the greater risk of contagion when the male sexual partner presents an irritation or a wound in the penis. This recurring question seemingly concerns a point of knowledge. However a more attentive analysis lets us think that there could be various interpretations. First of all, if the penis is healthy, the risk is low, nearly absent. The concern about a friction or about a wound in the penis could be associated with the concept of forbidden sexual positions (similar to animal positions). Proscriptions are explained by their traumatic character for the feminine device and because they are able to induce an infertility or dystocia (difficult) childbirth. Other beliefs have connected the origin of AIDS with prohibited sexual practices, committed by foreigners, who passed on them secondarily to the natives of the country. They are clearly blamed in their contributions to the decline of customs and the corruption of tradition. However this unfavourable evolution is not longer only their privilege. Sexual superactivity and "sexual wandering" are also concerned. It is dialectic of the pure and the impure. The rejection or the stigmatisation of foreign values can allow the group to find its led astray identity. Condoms are well known by Congolese pupils, but there is mistrust of their use, notably for the "elders", guarantor for the moral order. This mistrust is probably connected with the beliefs of risks of infertility, infection or weakening of the virile force. Condoms are mechanical barriers, made by foreigners, to protect native people from foreign troubles, which foreigners generate. The investigation of chains of significant from the primary couple "nature/artificial (synthetic)" can establish a bait of understanding. The contraceptive action of condoms is a problem. Reproduction remains family business. Moreover, the place of the "morality", the official speech of condemnation from the Roman Catholic Church and the ambivalent positioning of certain Congolese religious congregations does not encourage condom use. Finally, one should not neglect their cost compared to the standard of living. The religious faith is a source of comfort for many Congolese. AIDS can be lived as a spiritual probation that certain traditional healers would have foreseen. Certain ideologies can be a source of intolerance for people who transgress "ways of life" (alcohol, tobacco, anal sexual intercourse.). The religious congregations have invaded the public space. The medical world and the political institutions cannot ignore them any more. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

Cervical cancer in younger women.

Cervical cancer does not begin in women at some vague mid-procreative term, but is a concomitant of early sexual activity. In Brighton the mean age of patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the cervix has been falling, from 50 in 1967 to 35 by 1977. In one year abnormal cells were found in cervical smears from 24 teenage girls (5 aged 16, 2 aged 17, 8 aged 18 and 9 aged 19), and in 4 of these teenage cases malignancy was subsequently proved histologically. Until the aetiology of the disease is established no lower age limit should be set for cervical screening; all young women should be entitled and encouraged to have cervical cytology tests.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Long-term infertile couples: a study of their well-being.

The objective of the study was to investigate long-term infertile couples in regard to their well-being. The design of the study consisted of a structured questionnaire. Husband and wife answered a written questionnaire each in a different place in their home. Wives and husbands of 108 childless couples with a long-term infertility participated. Seven dimensions of (negative) well-being were measured: depression, anxiety, hostility, health complaints, guilt/blame, self-esteem and sexuality. Results showed that sexual behavior was (still) often ruled by the constraints of procreation. Also a third of the women reported as a consequence of infertility a low self-esteem concerning their womanhood. Infertile women were more anxious, more depressed, displayed more hostility and reported more health complaints. There was no similar difference between long-term infertile men and men in general. In conclusion long-term infertile women showed a significantly-lower level of well-being compared with women in general. A third of the infertile women and a fifth of the infertile men had serious well-being problems. This group can be considered as needing emotional help and counselling in learning to live with their childlessness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Kabsa (a.k.a. mushahara) and threatened fertility in Egypt.

Among the urban and rural poor of Egypt, female infertility is often attributed to kabsa (also known as mushahara), a form of 'boundary-crossing' by symbolically polluted individuals into the rooms of reproductively vulnerable women. When kabsa occurs, it causes the 'binding' of women's reproductive bodies, threatening their future fertility, their husband's virile procreativity, and, ultimately, the social reproduction of Egyptian society at large. Because kabsa is viewed as the leading cause of female infertility--an extremely socially stigmatizing condition in Egypt--it is greatly feared by women. This paper examines kabsa beliefs and practices in Lower Egypt in terms of the ritual process and reproductive rites of passage for women in particular. Major features of kabsa are analyzed, and kabsa preventive and therapeutic rituals of depolluting consubstantiality (i.e. sharing of substance) are examined in detail. The paper concludes with an analysis of reproductive 'threat', exploring why Egyptians perceive kabsa and other forms of reproductive hindrance--including neocolonially inspired family planning campaigns--as dangers to the individual, social, and political bodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Assisted ejaculation combined with in vitro fertilisation: an effective technique treating male infertility due to spinal cord injury.

Infertility due to spinal cord injury (SCI) in males has been identified for decades as an area of major concern and techniques for assisted ejaculation are available. There has not been an overall consensus regarding which type of assisted procreation is the most appropriate for these couples. We describe here our experience from a programme based on assisted ejaculation combined with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Twelve couples have been treated so far and altogether 22 cycles with ovum pick-up have been completed. Fertilisation of the oocytes was obtained in 18 of these cycles. The overall oocyte fertilisation rate was 49%. Embryo transfer took place in 17 cycles, leading to seven clinical pregnancies. Four of the pregnancies are delivered or are ongoing, whereas three ended in first trimester spontaneous abortion. Thus our initial experience suggests that assisted ejaculation in combination with IVF is an effective option for these couples.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Premature delivery: epidemiology, etiologic factors, prevention strategies].

Early delivery is not rare, it is an important cause of perinatal mortality. In this study its rate, was 4.95%. The early and late ages of procreation were particularly interested (7.95%) and 3.90%. The first and last parities were more exposed (7.75%-5.31%). The woman occupation was as an important risk-factor. The incidences increased in the poor and rich women groups (7.34%-3.84%) the early labor risk was reduced when the women had efficient prenatal care; when the women had delivered early, the early labor risk increased. So when the women had delivered a stillborn. The early labor risk factor was more important. Finally the authors founded 83.33% of maternal causes could be controlled by efficient prenatal care. Even this rate was so important in the foetal group causes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Drug surveillance and reproduction: the bad example of distilbene].

In the 1940's, diethylstilboestrol (DES) is one of the first hormonal therapeutics which was prescribed to many pregnant women by a lot of gynecologists. Until 1970, the indications of this therapy was enlarged, before carcinologic and reproductive consequences leaded to forbid obstetrical indications of DES (in France, in 1977 only). In France, 80,000 girls and 80,000 boys are suspected to have been exposed. As far as girls are concerned, the studies estimate between 23% and 36% the rate of infertility. These studies show also an increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortions, and premature delivery. The association between various factors of infertility, and typical uterine abnormalities leads to specific therapeutical indications, mostly in assisted procreations. The history of DES points out prescriptions of a therapeutic without proofs of its efficiency, the silence of pharmaceutical laboratories which did not take into consideration Dieckman's evaluation, and the difficulties for physicians in affording information. Nevertheless, the last patients exposed will be 40 years old in 2016 in France. The other hormonal therapeutics which were discovered gave in turn rise hope for enhancing the fertility and providing from miscarriage. Over the examples such as DES are not still resolved questions that patients and physicians ask concerning the lack of adverse effects of a therapy on the foetus, when its clinical efficiency on the pregnancy is supposed to be proved.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Anticipation resulting in elimination of the myotonic dystrophy gene: a follow up study of one extended family.

We have re-examined an extended myotonic dystrophy (DM) family, previously described in 1955, in order to study the long term effects of anticipation in DM and in particular the implications for families affected by this disease. This follow up study provides data on 35 gene carriers and 46 asymptomatic at risk family members in five generations. Clinical anticipation, defined as the cascade of mild, adult, childhood, or congenital disease in subsequent generations, appeared to be a relentless process, occurring in all affected branches of the family. The cascade was found to proceed asynchronously in the different branches, mainly because of an unequal number of generations with mild disease. The transition from the mild to the adult type was associated with transmission through a male parent. Stable transmission of the asymptomatic/mild phenotype showed a female transmission bias. We further examined the extent and causes of gene loss in this pedigree. Gene loss in the patient group was complete, owing to infertility of the male patients with adult onset disease and the fact that mentally retarded patients did not procreate. Out of the 46 at risk subjects in the two youngest generations, only one was found to have a full mutation. This is the only subject who may transmit the gene to the sixth generation. No protomutation carriers were found in the fourth and fifth generations. Therefore it is highly probable that the DM gene will be eliminated from this pedigree within one generation. The high population frequency of DM can at present not be explained by the contribution of asymptomatic cases in the younger generations of known families, but is probably caused by the events in the ancestral generations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oocyte donation: psychological and sociological aspects, the clinician's viewpoint].

Among the treatment for medical assisted procreation, oocyte donation presents the more complex implications on psycho-sociological aspects. French law of the 29th July 1994, tries to prevent risk for the principal actors of oocyte donation, but has created new problems: 1) the shortage of donors lengthens the waiting list and reduces the succes's chance, 2) the absence of uniformitybetween different countries opens the door to an international market of the oocyte. Medical progress give new possibilities for situations that presented no problem in the past, for instance, pregnancies after menopause. Natural markers are questionned, it is too soon to conclude and to mesure all the consequences of our treatment on the well-being of the child, the recipient's couple, and the donor.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during in vitro fertilization stimulations. Comparison between the experience of the Center for Medically Assisted Procreation of the Saint Antoine maternity department and a review of the literature].

The authors present their experience with the severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome when they were using stimulation for IVF and ET and they compare it with the literature. Over a period of 23 months. 154 stimulations were carried out using a long protocol associated with a CnRH agonist and hMG. 142 vaginal aspirations were carried out. The clinical pregnancy rate was 19% per aspiration and 21.9% per transfer. Of the 142 patients who were aspirated five had severe ovarian hyperstimulation with a favourable outcome. The authors suggest a physiopathological comparison for ovarian hyperstimulation and the management to be carried out when this complication occurs. They emphasise how potentially serious this complication is and that there has been no physiopathological explanation for its recrudescence since GnRH agonist have started to be used.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Lesbian intra-partner oocyte donation: a possible shake-up in the Garden of Eden?

Treatment of same-sex couples using infertility therapies has become more acceptable over the years, but remains controversial. In December 2005, two law changes came into force in the UK that impact same-sex couples. Firstly, the Civil Partnership Act 2004 acknowledged legal relationships between same-sex couples; and secondly, the Adoption and Children Act 2002 allowed same-sex couples to adopt. In view of these law changes, it is timely to consider procreation in same-sex couples and, particularly, the possibility of intra-partner oocyte donation within a lesbian relationship. Such treatment would require one female partner to provide the oocyte and the other female partner to act as embryo recipient. The embryo(s) could be created using IVF with registered anonymous donor sperm. The novelty of allowing a lesbian couple to cause a pregnancy in this way could allow the recipient to give birth to a baby that was genetically related to her partner. If society finds this acceptable, intra-partner oocyte donation using donor sperm for IVF could successfully provide a family for lesbian couples, offering an alternative to individual donor insemination. The ethical aspects of the treatment are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Supra-ampullar cystectomy with preservation of sexual function and ileal orthotopic reservoir for bladder tumor: twenty years of experience.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the original surgical technique of supra-ampullar cystectomy associated with ileal neobladder, and present our results in terms of preservation of sexual potency, urinary continence and cancer control along twenty years of experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive patients with bladder tumor-27 transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) and 1 leiomyosarcoma-underwent supra-ampullar cystectomy with ileal orthotopic neobladder (2 Camey I and 26 Camey II) between May 1984 and June 1999. The median age of the patients was 51.0 years (range 23-65). Preoperatively 24 patients had superficial high-risk TCC. Involvement of prostatic urethra was excluded by means of preoperative endoscopic biopsies. The bladder, part of the prostate with the prostatic urethra and regional lymph nodes were removed, while the vas deferens with deferential ampullae, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts and the peripheral portion of the prostate were maintained. Median followup was 90.5 months (range 10-228). RESULTS: Out of 28 patients 6 died of bladder cancer (all with metastases, 2 also with local recurrence); 4 out of the 22 patients who were free of disease at followup died of other causes. Potency was preserved in 26 patients (92.8%), reporting satisfactory sexual intercourses; 15 patients (53.5%) also maintained antegrade ejaculation allowing procreation in 3 cases. In one patient the orthotopic neobladder according to Camey I was converted into an ileal conduit because of the excessive capacity of the reservoir, high post-void residual and recurrent pyelonephritis. Of the remaining 27 patients 16 showed both daytime and nighttime urinary continence (average interval between micturitions = 3 hours), 6 were continent during the day and 5 performed self-intermittent catheterization. CONCLUSION: Supra-ampullar cystectomy with detubularized ileal orthotopic neobladder allows to preserve sexual function in nearly all the cases and to maintain urinary continence in most patients, without compromising oncological outcome. The indication must be restricted to highly selected cases, without potential risk of local recurrences and concomitant prostatic carcinoma.

Adult↗