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PubMed1985

Albendazole in the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis in children.

A single dose of 2% albendazole suspension (400 mg in 20 ml) was administered to 77 patients (42 males and 35 females), ages ranging between 2 to 12 years, with helminthic infections. Ascariasis was the most prevalent infection. Patients were followed-up for 3 weeks. The results showed that albendazole was highly effective against Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Enterobius vermicularis. Significant improvement was also observed in patients having infections due to Trichuris trichiura. Albendazole was well tolerated and did not produce any significant side-effects. Single dose albendazole appears to be appropriate for mass chemotherapy to control intestinal nematode infections in highly infected communities.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1998

Cholera reveals helminthiasis problem.

Cholera has now lasted for about 6 months in our hilly region in Mwanza, Tanzania. The heavy rains coupled with the poor sanitary conditions and sewage disposal system have worsened the situation. The pit latrines used by the majority of low-income people are either not adequately and properly used for excreta disposal or they overflow. At our regional referral and consultancy hospital we were, for a period, receiving cholera cases which should have been managed in isolation at other centers. (This situation has now been rectified.) Some of the children with cholera either vomited or passed Ascaris lumbricoides in their rice water-like stools. Previously, these children were not being treated for ascariasis. Practical steps can be taken to reduce the transmission of fecal-borne infections. For more than 30 years we have failed to have a latrine for each family; we should aim for at least one for every 10 households. The provision of clean tap-water and facilities to deworm pre-school children would also be welcomed. In addition, medical officers should actively instruct the community in the science of hygiene.

Africa↗
PubMed2003

[Transmission of schistosomiasis in an urban population and prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis in Bamako, Mali ].

Parasitological, malacological and anthropological studies were performed to assess the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni in schoolchildren living in the suburban area of Bamako. A total of 1017 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years were selected in two different areas between September 1997 and December 1999. In Djikoroni, the prevalence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni was 80.7% (339/420) and 22.8% (85/372) respectively. There was no significant difference of prevalence and intensity of infection with S. haematobium between schools, gender and age (p > 0.05), whereas, those of S. mansoni were higher in the vicinity of (+/- 100 m from) major sites where infected Biomphalaria pfeifferi were found (p < 0.001). In Niomirambougou, S. haematobium was prevalent in 46.7% (279/597) and S. mansoni in 28.2% (134/475). Boys and children aged 11-14 years were more infected (p < 0.001). Associated intestinal helminths (Hymenolepis nana, Necator americanus and Ascaris lumbricoides) were relatively scarce (prevalence < 1%). The prevalences of schistosome infected snails intermediate host were relatively high, 49.3% (100/203) in B. pfeifferi, 20.6% (88/138) in B. truncatus and 24.1% (7/29) in B. globosus. We recorded a total of 2514 water contacts about which 1130 in December and 1384 in January. Most of the children, 42.9% (1077/2511) were attracted to water bodies for bathing, swimming and playing, suggesting the lack of recreational facilities in these areas. Developing local control programmes in schools located in the vicinity of water bodies would contribute to break the parasite transmission cycle in Bamako.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Helminthiasis and cultural change in the Peruvian rainforest.

The objective of this study was to identify the impact of cultural and ecological change on intestinal helminth infections in traditional indigenous communities in the Peruvian rainforest and to identify the ways of transmission of helminth eggs. A remote indigenous settlement was compared with a more developed mestizo town. Stool specimens as well as soil, dust, air and water were examined for Ascaris and Trichuris eggs. A significantly lower infection intensity of Ascaris and Trichuris could be demonstrated for the traditional Indian community. Here the hygienic conditions were found to be better than in the town. The mestizo teacher and his family, who had come from the town to the Indian settlement, showed poorer hygienic standards and higher levels of Ascaris and Trichuris egg excretion than the Indian dwellers. The distribution of Ascaris and Trichuris eggs in the soil, house dust and in the air suggests that the contaminated dust from defaecation sites was distributed through the whole community by feet, animals (chickens) and wind. It was observed that many traditional habits that contributed to the good hygiene of the native population were being abandoned in the process of cultural change.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Studies on the spring rise phenomenon in ovine helminthiasis. I. Spring rise in stabled sheep.

Serial ova count studies were conducted to determine some of the characteristics of the spring rise in faecal shedding of nematode ova by parasitized sheep in flocks in the Montreal area. It was discovered that substantial spring rises occurred in most ewes following their lambing but that great variation existed in the magnitude, duration, and pattern of the rises. Although rams did not display increased ova counts, a slight but well-defined rise developed in one unbred ewe. Larval studies in ewes parasitized by a variety of nematode species, revealed that Haemonchus contortus was the major contributor to the spring rise in faecal ova output. Preparturient treatment of ewes with thiabendazole(1), at the rate of 100 mg./kg. of body weight, suppressed spring rise but failed to arrest completely the faecal shedding of nematode ova.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Helminthiasis, metabolic rates and cold resistance in the red-backed vole from a natural population].

Estimation of the standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximal oxygen consumption (MOC) and thermoregulation ability in males of red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus Pallas, 1779) have shown that individuals infected with nematodes Heligmosomum mixtum, regardless of intensity of worm infection, had an increased level of oxygen consumption in the cold exposition, while the individuals infected with the cestodes Arostrilepis horrida, had a lover oxygen consumption than non-invaded individuals. Worm burden of A. horrida correlated negatively with MOC value in the hosts. Thermo-conductance of individuals infected with A. horrida was significantly lower than in ones infected with H. mixtum. Opposite effects of these two helminthes seems to be determined by the specificity of pathogenesis and different body mass of parasites. Total body mass of nematodes are usually less than 0.2% of the host body mass whereas the total body mass of cestodes may exceed 5% of the host body mass.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Iron deficiency in an area of Bolivia and high prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis].

Between November and December 1987, 201 subjects from three communities of the Cordillera Province, Santa Cruz Department, South-East Bolivia (Camiri, Boyuibe, and Gutierrez) were examined for serum iron levels. Sixty-three (31.3%) were iron deficient. There were no significant differences between males and females (37.2% and 26.9%, respectively) and among the three localities studied. Iron deficiency was highest in the 3- to 9-year-old age group and lowest in the 30- to 39-year-old group. Considering the prevalence in the same localities of infections by hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Trichostrongylus, it is suggested that hookworms and possibly other intestinal parasites may be an important cause of the observed iron deficiency.

Adolescent↗