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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Regulatory considerations for emergency use of vaccines in the European Union.

From a regulatory perspective foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines represent a special case due to the number and antigenic diversity of strains that might be used alone or in combination within the context of an authorisation. New guidelines have been developed proposing that an FMD vaccine should be defined as a formulation of ingredients including defined amounts of one or more antigens that vary only in the number and types of antigen present. These new guidelines are in line with those previously proposed for equine influenza vaccines. Slaughter policies being less and less popular in the European Union, there is a tendency to use so-called marker vaccines associated with a companion diagnostic test. Such methodology has already been used for vaccination against pseudo-rabies and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Sub-unit marker vaccines against classical swine fever have also been developed; such vaccines are also envisaged against foot-and-mouth disease; it would permit, if satisfying defined criteria, to distinguish vaccinated from infected animals.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Acupuncture for gastrointestinal disorders.

Acupuncture is best known for its application to various musculoskeletal pain-producing diseases. Acupuncture is, however, used for a large variety of internal medical diseases in humans and other animals. This chapter reviews some of the published literature on the use of acupuncture in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, describes acupuncture points useful for a variety of GI diseases, briefly reviews how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treats GI disease, and gives some case examples of how acupuncture can be used in GI diseases.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of Clostridium perfringens from foals.

Clostridium perfingens was isolated from four of 29 healthy foals and from all twelve foals with gastrointestinal diseases. The range of viable counts of C. perfringens in the faeces was 10(1)-10(5)/g and in the intestinal specimens 10(1)-10(7)/g. Of 41 isolates of C. perfringens, 37 were considered to be type A. Enterotoxin of the organism was demonstrated in the intestinal contents of five of eight foals with enteric diseases. These findings suggested that C. perfringens is a likely pathogen of foal intestinal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Soft tissue lesions of the equine carpus: roentgenological and echographic studies].

Common soft tissue disorders of the equine carpus are fluctuating or firm soft tissue swellings, wounds and draining tracts. Survey radiography may show the size, position and origin of the swellings and reveals soft tissue calcification, accumulation of air and radiopaque foreign material. Contrast radiography enables accurate visualization of the size, shape, position and origin of fluctuating soft tissue swellings, demonstrates abnormal intersynovial communication and allows precise demonstration of the extent of puncture wounds and draining tracts. Ultrasonography allows differentiation between a firm solid or thick-walled cystic lesion, clearly reveals injuries to tendons, muscle and ligaments, reveals minor irregularities of the wall and the lumen of distended tendon sheaths and may demonstrate radiolucent foreign material more clearly than contrast radiography.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and pathological effects of flunixin meglumine administration to neonatal foals.

The effects of daily intravenous administration of flunixin meglumine at dosages of 0.55, 1.1, 2.2 and 6.6 mg/kg for five days were examined in neonatal foals. Six two day old foals were used to evaluate the effect of each dosage. Foals were examined every day and blood samples collected on days 1, 3 and 6. All foals were euthanized after six days, necropsied and examined for lesions. The major clinical abnormality was diarrhea, but the incidence was not related to the dosage of flunixin meglumine administered. The foals receiving 6.6 mg/kg of flunixin meglumine had significantly more gastrointestinal ulceration and greater cecal pathology and cecal petechiation scores than those foals treated with saline. The foals in the 6.6 mg/kg treatment group had a greater loss of total protein during the study, but the difference was not significant. There were no statistically significant blood cellular or biochemical alterations associated with the administration of flunixin meglumine. There were no significant clinicopathological differences between healthy foals treated with the recommended dosage of flunixin meglumine and those treated with physiological saline.

Animals↗