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PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge of dental health and diseases among dental patients, a multicentre study in Saudi Arabia.

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of dental patients about dental health and diseases. A questionnaire was developed with three sets of questions, 1-general knowledge of dental conditions, 2-use of alternate methods in prevention and treatment of dental diseases, 3-awareness about personal oral health. Six hundred questionnaires were distributed in 6 cities from 4 different regions (i.e. Makkah, Riyadh, Tabuk, Gizan). 367 respondents (61% response rate) constituted 233 (63.5%) male and 134 (36.5%) female with the age range 11-70 years (mean 30 +/- 11.9). The data were analyzed by SPSS version 9.0 and results presented in frequency distributions. 99% male and 96% female considered their teeth for chewing food, 97% male and 96% female knew that increased carbohydrate intake and poor oral hygiene are related to tooth decay, 89% male and 96% female used toothbrush and paste to prevent dental diseases and 75% male and 66% female were regular user of miswak (chewing sticks.) 67% male and 59% female visit dentist, only in pain. 46% used miswak after their meals, only 14% of the subjects used miswak on their lingual and palatal surfaces of teeth, while 38% of the subjects used clove as remedy for toothache, 25.6% used saline and 10% used lemon for bleaching their teeth. 15% considered honey important for their good oral health. Regarding personal oral health, 35% had pain in gums, 36.8% were with bad breath, 28% had tooth hypersensitivity, and almost 50% used toothbrush twice daily while 42% had bleeding gums. It is important to note that knowledge and awareness about dental health and disease conditions are better in male subjects, dietary habits and oral hygiene methods need to be addressed in future investigations. There is a need to provide more health education to female subjects to improve their oral health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The clinical efficacy of Colgate Total Plus Whitening Toothpaste containing a special grade of silica and Colgate Total Toothpaste for controlling breath odor twelve hours after toothbrushing: a single-use clinical study.

The objective of this double-blind clinical study, conducted in harmony with American Dental Association guidelines, was to compare a new dentifrice formulation variant of Colgate Total Toothpaste containing a special grade of silica (Colgate Total Plus Whitening Toothpaste) to the commercially available, ADA-Accepted and clinically proven Colgate Total Toothpaste for controlling breath odor twelve hours after brushing the teeth. Breath odor was evaluated by a panel of three examiners using a nine-point hedonic scale. Following a baseline evaluation of breath odor, prospective study subjects who scored above the threshold value for unpleasant breath odor were stratified by score and randomized into two treatment groups. Subjects were provided with a soft-bristled toothbrush, and brushed their teeth thoroughly in their regular and customary manner with their assigned dentifrice. Subjects refrained from dental hygiene, breath mints or mounthrinses for the next twelve hours, after which they were again evaluated for breath odor. Eighty-three (83) adult male and female subjects from the Mississauga, Ontario, Canada area participated in the study. At twelve hours after brushing their teeth, subjects in both dentifrice treatment groups presented mean breath odor scores which were statistically significantly lower than the mean scores observed at baseline. Importantly, there was no statistical difference between the two dentifrices of the mean twelve-hour breath odor scores. The mean twelve-hour breath scores for the Colgate Total Plus Whitening Toothpaste group and the Colgate Total Toothpaste group were 4.89 and 4.67, respectively, which are within the range of values corresponding to pleasant breath odor. Thus, the results of this double-blind clinical study, conducted according to a protocol which had been approved by the Council on Scientific Affairs of the American Dental Association, support the conclusion that Colgate Total Plus Whitening Toothpaste and Colgate Total Toothpaste provide effective control of breath odor at twelve hours after toothbrushing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Clinical effectiveness of essential oil-containing dentifrices in controlling oral malodor.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of two essential oil-containing dentifrices in the reduction of human intrinsic oral malodor ("morning bad breath"). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two clinical trials were conducted which used observer-blind, negative control, parallel designs. To insure a homogeneous test population with similar oral odor characteristics, subjects followed instructions that included toothbrushing with a standard ADA-accepted fluoride dentifrice the night before. On odor evaluation days, subjects refrained from all oral hygiene procedures and from eating or drinking any food or beverage or smoking prior to and during the odor evaluations. Eighty healthy adult subjects in the first trial and 90 in the second trial with qualifying baseline levels of oral malodor participated. Odor ratings of each subject's breath were made by 4-5 trained judges using a nine point hedonic scale, i.e., 1 = most pleasant, 5 = neutral, 9 = most unpleasant. Qualifying subjects were randomly assigned one of two essential oil dentifrices or a negative control dentifrice. Subjects brushed with their assigned dentifrice for 60 s, rinsed with 20 ml of water for 10 s, and received post-treatment hedonic odor ratings at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min. Data were analyzed using an ANCOVA to adjust for baseline scores. RESULTS: The essential oil dentifrices were significantly more effective (P < or = 0.033) than the control in reducing intrinsic oral malodor from 90 to 120 min.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of volatile sulfur compound concentrations measured with a sulfide detector vs. gas chromatography.

The accuracy of the Halimeter, an inexpensive, simple instrument that measures total breath volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), has not been adequately tested. We compared Halimeter measurements with those obtained with a specific and sensitive gas chromatographic (GC) technique. The Halimeter gave different, biexponential responses to a constant concentration of different VSCs: The relative response rate and sensitivity were hydrogen sulfide > methyl mercaptan > dimethylsulfide. The transient peak VSC concentration of oral samples was reached long before the sulfide detector fully responded. The GC measurement of initial total VSCs in breath samples was 2.7+/-0.48 times greater than the peak concentration of the Halimeter. However, the plateau phase measurement of the Halimeter was 25% greater than that of GC. While GC and Halimeter measurements positively correlated, appreciable differences were observed. In studies where relatively precise VSC measurements are required, GC is the preferable technique.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2002

Beta-galactosidase activity in saliva is associated with oral malodor.

Deglycosylation of oral mucins may be a critical initial step leading to their subsequent proteolysis and putrefaction. The present study was undertaken to determine whether activity in saliva of a major glycosidic enzyme (beta-galactosidase) is associated with oral malodor in a group of 64 subjects. Enzyme activity was detected by the use of a chromogenic substrate (X-Gal) impregnated on paper discs. Malodor-related measurements included two odor judges' assessments of whole-mouth and tongue malodor, and volatile sulfide levels measured by a portable sulfide monitor (Interscan Corp.). Beta-galactosidase assay scores were significantly associated with both odor judges' scores for whole-mouth (p < or = 0.002; Spearman) and tongue malodor (p < or = 0.001; Spearman). Beta-galactosidase activity and sulfide monitor measurements both factored significantly into multiple regression equations for odor judge scores, yielding multiple r-values ranging from 0.47 (p = 0.0007) to 0.60 (p < 0.0001). Analysis of the data presented indicates that beta-galactosidase activity in saliva is correlated with oral malodor.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Somatoform salivary complaints. Case reports.

Patients with salivary gland complaints are seen with a large array of signs and symptoms. Usually these patients have an underlying pathophysiological process that can account for their symptoms. However, in a significant number of patients, no known biological process can be found that would account for the patient's complaint. In such cases, somatization is a possible cause. Somatization is a frequently cited feature of patients with various forms of mental illness. In this paper, we will attempt to illustrate the classic signs of a somatoform disorder in three different patients whose diverse salivary complaints fulfill the criteria for a diagnosis of somatoform disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Oral malodor control afforded through the use of sodium bicarbonate-containing chewing gum.

Published research indicates that regular use of toothpaste containing sodium bicarbonate is effective in reducing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and oral malodor. Gaffar initially reported on the use of sodium bicarbonate as an agent to affect VSCs, indicating that sodium bicarbonate had the potential to alter the VSCs to nonvolatile compounds. Chewing gum would also be suspected of providing benefits in controlling oral malodor through its claimed ability to mechanically aid in the removal of dental plaque. Based on the length of chewing time, the opportunity exists for chewing gum to reach places in the mouth that might be missed during brushing. This activity could contribute to reductions in the amount of viable plaque mass that could produce VSCs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Fundamentals of breath malodour.

Breath malodour is a condition that has health and social implications. The origin of breath malodour problems are related to both systemic and oral conditions. The advice of dental professionals for treatment of this condition occurs with regularity since 90% of breath odor problems emanate from the oral cavity. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the etiology of breath odor, its prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for the condition.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2002

A clinical study to assess the breath protection efficacy of denture adhesive.

This randomized and controlled, examiner-blind, 3-period, crossover clinical trial was designed to determine the effect of an experimental denture adhesive, a marketed denture adhesive (European Fixodent( Fresh), or no denture adhesive on the breath odor of 37 adults wearing full maxillary and mandibular dentures. Breath quality was measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 hours after the start of each treatment period via monitoring of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) using a halimeter and second-person organoleptic grading. A 48-hour washout phase separated treatment periods. There were no statistically significant differences in VSCs between any of the treatment regimens over 6 hours. Both the denture adhesive treatments were superior in breath quality improvement in organoleptic scores compared to no denture adhesive at 3 and 6 hours (p=0.0001). This research demonstrates the ability of both an experimental and marketed denture adhesive to deliver superior second-person breath benefits relative to no adhesive. The results indicate that Fixodent denture adhesives provide the denture wearer with a noticeable improvement in breath.

Adhesives↗