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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Descending rhythmic pneumocompression as a medical treatment of atherosclerosis obliterans].

About 2 percent of the population of the world suffers from atherosclerotic lesion of the lower extremity arteries. However, the treatment of this pathology is an unsolved problem so far. The authors used a method of rhythmic pneumocompression for medical treatment of patients with chronic arterial insufficiency due to lower extremity vascular atherosclerosis obliterans. A total of 56 patients with stages II-III atherosclerotic lesion were examined. The findings indicated that the method noticeably reduced the intensity of the pain syndrome and tissue ischemia. The procedure exerted a reflex action on the cardiovascular system: the patients had slower heart rate and lowered blood pressure.

Arteriosclerosis Obliterans↗
PubMed1991

+Gx-tolerance in the final stage of space flights of various durations.

Study of acceleration tolerance at the final stage of orbital flights after exposure to weightlessness is an important element of medical support of space flights. The cosmonauts tolerance to accelerations has been analyzed during 38 space missions of 8- to 326-day duration. Tolerance to acceleration during descent in all cases was estimated as satisfactory. Acceleration tolerance during the final stage of orbital flights depended on flight duration, individual tolerance and use of countermeasures.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1991

Human exploration of Mars.

The human exploration of Mars has the potential to return a rich harvest of scientific information about that planet, its possible past biological history and the prospects for future habitation by Earthly life. The realization of that potential will require new approaches and new technologies--a whole new paradigm in space exploration. Picture yourself exploring the surface of Mars, where your task involves conducting a detailed investigation of features larger than the United States in order to uncover a record of planetary history spanning over four billion years.

Atmosphere↗
PubMed1993

Physiological considerations concerning positive pressure breathing (PBG) during +Gz.

The ability to tolerate +Gz radial acceleration depends primarily on the maintenance of sufficient head level arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow to prevent the occurrence of blackout and G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC). Because of the hydrostatic effect on the heart-to-head blood column during +Gz acceleration, if exposures to higher +Gz levels are to be tolerated, either the column must be shortened or arterial pressure at heart level must be elevated. This paper is an overview of the effect and concomitant side effects of positive pressure breathing (PBG) as a means to increase arterial pressure at the heart, and, indirectly, at the cerebral level. However, before doing that, it is necessary to summarise the different ways for increasing arterial pressure to obtain tolerance to increasing +Gz loads.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1993

Orthostatic stress by lower body negative pressure and its body fluid distribution kinetics under microgravity.

To support the hypothesis that interstitial fluid loss is one of the components of the "cardiovascular deconditioning" induced by space flight, a series of three experiments was performed in one subject, after 5 days in space: 1) standard thigh cuffs were inflated up to suprasystolic pressure values (CUFF I) for two minutes, 2) Half an hour later a lower body negative pressure test (LBNP) followed with -15 mmHg for 15, -30 mmHg for 5, and -40 mmHg for 15 minutes, 3) Twenty minutes after that, the CUFF maneuver was repeated (CUFF II). Body fluid shifts were detected by quadripole segmental electrical impedance (BIM) and by electrical impedance tomography (APT). The APT electrodes were placed directly under one of the thigh cuffs. Cardiovascular reaction patterns were observed by continuous ECG-recordings and by minute-by-minute arm cuff blood pressure measurements. By means of segmental impedance the expected body fluid change in the abdominal, thigh, and calf regions could be detected. The thoracic segment showed no significant changes in microgravity. However, the calf increased its electrical impedance roughly by 50%. The interstitial fluid in the skin and musculature, detected by APT during CUFF I, was reduced more than 50%. The LBNP-maneuver was able to refill this interstitial space. However, only the higher levels (LBNP > 15 mmHg) showed the outward filtration component during the constant LBNP levels. In addition, the LBNP-experiment clearly showed the reduced ability to cope with orthostatic stress. Pulse pressure dropped and heart rate increased much more than on ground. The fluid displacement during CUFF I showed a similar hemodynamic response, which had not been seen on ground before. The CUFF II maneuver after LBNP showed that the reaction had returned to normal. This leads to the conclusions that LBNP can counteract cardiovascular deconditioning, but only higher LBNP-levels are able to transfer fluid into the interstitial spaces of the legs, if they are emptied by the loss of gravitational forces.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1994

Effect of acceleration on the distribution of ventilation in man.

The Symposium 'High G and the Lungs' looks at the physiological and potentially pathophysiological effects of the high-G aerospace environment on the lungs of human subjects and experimental animals. It is logical, therefore, to start off with a brief description of that environment and how sustained inertial forces affect pulmonary function.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1989

Sustaining humans in space.

One goal of NASA's Ames Research Center is to extend the presence of humans in space. Biomedical research, human performance, and life-support systems form the core of the Ames program. Major questions highlight how the effects of microgravity on living systems are modified by exercise, artificial gravity, autogenic feedback training, and nutrition. Bioengineering and life science studies include humans, animals, and plants. Ames investigators collaborate extensively with outside university and commercial scientists, both within the United States and internationally.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1989

Exposure to acceleration during manned spaceflight.

Space flight is normally associated with exposure to reduced acceleration (microgravity) and the medical consequences are well described. However, it inevitably also requires periods of increased acceleration during ascent and descent. These periods, although short in comparison to the length of the flight, are classified as long-duration by physiologists. The biological consequences for man [text incomplete]

Acceleration↗