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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Reproductive behaviour and prenatal diagnosis following genetic termination of pregnancy in women of advanced maternal age.

One hundred and fifty-one women of advanced maternal age who underwent genetic termination of pregnancy (TOP) were studied for their reproductive behaviour and the type of procedure for prenatal diagnosis in a subsequent pregnancy. A total of 59 women (39 per cent) had a further pregnancy. In all continuing pregnancies prenatal diagnosis was performed, of which 75 per cent consisted of chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Reproductive behaviour following a genetic termination was negatively correlated with maternal age and parity. Both reproductive behaviour and the choice to undergo a diagnostic procedure in the next pregnancy were independent of the type of diagnostic procedure in the previous affected pregnancy.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed2026

The Polish Konik Horse: A Multidisciplinary Review of Its Origin, Genetics, Ecology, Health, Behaviour and Reproductive Biology.

The Polish Konik horse (PKH) is one of Europe's best-known native conservation breeds. Traditionally associated with the extinct Eurasian tarpan and conservation grazing, the breed has recently become the subject of multidisciplinary research encompassing genetics, ecology, health, behaviour and reproduction. This narrative review summarises current knowledge on the biological characteristics and contemporary scientific significance of the PKH. Literature published between 2005 and 2026 was identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar and narratively synthesised. Available evidence suggests that, despite severe historical bottlenecks, the PKH has retained considerable genetic diversity and its characteristic maternal and paternal founder-line structure. Recent molecular studies have revised traditional concepts of the breed's origin, while ecological research supports its important role in conservation grazing and wetland restoration. Behavioural and reproductive studies indicate stable temperament, high reproductive efficiency and adaptation to extensive management systems. However, current knowledge is derived predominantly from observational studies, with relatively few comparative investigations and limited genomic and longitudinal data. The PKH represents a valuable model for research on conservation genetics, environmental adaptation, animal welfare, reproductive biology and ecosystem management. Further interdisciplinary studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base for conservation and breeding strategies.

Polish Konik horse↗
PubMed2005

[Relationship between the reproductive capability of a subdivided population and its genetic structure: computer simulation, the simplest multilocus model].

An original computer model, simulating joint genetic and demographic dynamics of subdivided populations, is proposed. The model accounts for the reverse effect of the genetic structure on the reproductive capability of a population, which is based on a postulated limited set of biallelic loci, controlling variation in an adaptive quantitative trait. The model allows to simulate spreading of the population, originating from a single small colony, which involves genetic and demographic equilibrium (a normal population-genetic process) and reorganization of the genetic structure of the subdivided population upon anthropogenic pressure, associated with a decrease in its reproductive capability (an adverse population-genetic process).

Alleles↗
PubMed2005

In vitro susceptibility of macrophages to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus varies between genetically diverse lines of pigs.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to be responsible for financial losses in the swine industry worldwide. It remains undetermined whether genetic variability of the host in susceptibility to PRRSV exists and if this variability can be exploited to help control this important disease. The objective of this study was to determine if an in vitro flow cytometry (FACS) assay that detects the percentage of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) infected with PRRSV could be utilized to demonstrate genetic variability in the susceptibility between distinct lines of pigs. Over 400 growing pigs from six genetic lines maintained in a single commercial breeding herd were screened using an in vitro FACS assay. From this initial screening, two genetically diverse lines of pigs that were also divergent in their FACS results were selected for further study. An additional 264 pigs from these two lines were subsequently tested for in vitro susceptibility to PRRSV. As in the preliminary screening, the Large White line had significantly higher average percent positive MDM over the Duroc-Pietrain synthetic line. This report suggests a genetic component for susceptibility to PRRSV exists and that the in vitro assay may be useful in predicting the relative susceptibility to PRRSV in large groups of animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Social effects of genetic counselling.

In a follow-up study of 104 subjects referred for genetic counselling between 1965 and 1969 all were at risk of having children with a variety of serious genetic disorders. Most subjects were in social classes III and IV, were married, in their late 20s, and already had an affected child. Sixty-three per cent. were referred by hospital consultants, 27% by their general practitioners, and 10% were self-referrals. All of those counselled appeared to have appreciated the genetic implications, although four overestimated the risks and 11 underestimated the risks.Of those at high risk (greater than 1 in 10) of having an affected child 10 out of 55 couples "planned" further pregnancies despite the risks. In two this was because they had been unable to adopt a child, in four because they had no living children and the disorders in question usually resulted in stillbirth or death in infancy so that the "burden" of an affected child would be of relatively short duration, and one mother had had antenatal diagnosis and selective abortion. Most of the couples in the low-risk group (less than 1 in 20) were reassured and planned further pregnancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Expressed sequence tags from the Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex, a unicellular charophycean alga, in the sexual reproduction process.

We obtained genetic information on sexual reproduction of the Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex, a unicellular charophycean alga. Normalized cDNA libraries were constructed from cells in the sexual reproduction process, and a total of 1190 5'-end expressed sequence tags were established. Since 604 of these ESTs were classified into 174 non-redundant sequences, these 1190 ESTs include 760 unique sequences. Similarity search against a public non-redundant protein database indicated that 390 unique sequences had significant similarity to registered sequences. Among these 390 sequences, 3 were identical to and 4 were homologous to previously identified sex-pheromone genes. According to our study, 370 of 760 unique sequences are likely to be novel transcripts. These cDNA clones and EST sequence information may would be helpful for future functional analyses using DNA array technologies.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Association between genetic sequence homology of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and geographic distance between pig sites.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether geographic distance was correlated with genetic homology among isolates of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from a single pork-producing company. We analyzed geographic distance, temporal distance, and percentage similarity in the PRRSV nucleotide sequence among 62 farms, applying the Mantel test for correlation between distance matrices and PRRSV sequencing. Genomic similarity had a significant (P < 0.01) negative (rM = -0.217) correlation with geographic distance. These findings indicate that, under the conditions of this study, the greater the distance between farms, the less the genetic homology among PRRSV isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Contested conceptions: PKU in the postwar discourse on reproduction.

This essay uses the case of PKU as a portal through which to view shifting and contested views about genetics and reproductive behavior. In the early 1960s, the development of an effective therapy for PKU converged with the development of a test that could reliably detect the condition in newborns. As a result, infants born with the condition were enabled to reach adulthood and reproduce. However, by the early 1980s, a "second-generation" effect of screening was manifest, whereby many infants born to women who had been salvaged by screening were themselves severely damaged. In the 1940s, Lionel Penrose employed the case of PKU to demonstrate what was wrong with eugenics. Twenty years later, it would be used to illustrate why controls on reproduction were needed.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Genetic trends for milk yield of Jerseys and correlated changes in productive and reproductive performance.

Estimates of genetic trends in 24 measures of milk and constituent yields, somatic cell counts, and reproduction were obtained from 935 records of 374 Jerseys in a single herd. Data were obtained from a designed project for single-trait selection from 1969 through 1987. One line was subjected to selection solely for milk yield and included 259 cows; an unselected control line included 115 cows. Estimates of trends were based on differences in linear phenotypic trends between lines for first lactations, all lactations, and for 305-d and total records. The genetic changes in milk yield for these four data sets were 1.22 to 1.48%/yr (36.8 to 41.0 kg per cow yr) and 0.54 to 1.64%/yr for five constituent yields. Except for the percentages of minerals plus lactose, all constituent percentages decreased by 0.05 to 0.60%/yr. The ratios of protein to fat and solids-not-fat to fat increased 0.30 to 0.54%/yr, respectively. The number of services required per conception increased (0.17%) in first parity records and in all data (0.69%). The intervals from parturition to first estrus and from parturition to first service decreased in first lactation (1.19 and 0.82%) annually but increased (1.25 and 0.01%) in all data. Age of heifers at first estrus decreased by 0.44% annually. Most of the five measures of somatic cells decreased in first lactations but increased for all data. Estimates of realized genetic correlations of 14 measures of constituent yield and composition (four correlations each) agreed well with values expected from the literature. The results quantified change in milk yield, constituent yields and percentages, reproductive performance, and somatic cell counts in a single herd and should prove useful in the development of selection programs for dairy cattle.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Beyond conception: legal determinations of filiation in the context of assisted reproductive technologies.

This article argues that legal determinations of filiation are normative ideological constructions about how societal relations between parents and children should be ordered. They are based upon regular understandings of the relationship between biological and social facts and, as this article demonstrates, operate to create an asymmetrical relationship between the categories between paternity and maternity. I suggest that fairly recent developments in reproductive and genetic filiation have been made and offer the potential for an expanded understanding of relatedness or kinship which does not take the two-parent--one of each sex--model of the family as its normative form. While the examples I draw on arise in the context of reproductive technologies, I suggest that the analysis has broader implications for the recognition of broader family forms and relationship.

Adoption↗
PubMed1992

Cytoplasmic male sterility is associated with large deletions in the mitochondrial DNA of two Nicotiana sylvestris protoclones.

Two cytoplasmic male-sterile plants (CMSI and CMSII) were obtained by protoplast culture in Nicotiana sylvestris. Both plants showed large deletions (up to 50 kb) in their mitochondrial DNA. Restriction maps of the reorganized regions suggested that the deletions occurred via two homologous recombination events (rec. 1 and rec. 2) in the parental mitochondrial genome. With the exception of nad5, no mitochondrial DNA polymorphism could be detected between parental and CMS lines using different heterologous genes probes. A sequence homologous to the Oenothera nad5 mitochondrial gene was located close to the CMSI-specific rec. 2 region. Moreover, a cDNA probe corresponding to total mitochondrial RNA from the parent line was found to hybridize to mitochondrial DNA fragments involved in the rec. 1 event common to both CMS lines, suggesting that rec. 1 lies in a transcribed region. Cytoplasmic male sterility in the Nicotiana sylvestris CMS mutants could be due either to gene deletion or to a regulatory effect of such a deletion on mitochondrial gene expression, rather than to the presence of specific polypeptides as has been shown in the T cytoplasm of maize, or in CMS Petunia.

Blotting, Southern↗