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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Primary serologic investigation of HBV-like virus existence in domestic animals and fowls].

Using the reagent kits for detecting human HBV, primary serologic investigation was made in 6 kinds of domestic animals and fowls (total 673) by ELISA, spot hybridization and immuno-electronmicroscopy. The results showed that some sera samples of pigs, rabbits, chicken and geese were HBsAg, HBeAg positive and positive for spot hybridization by using 3(2)P-HBV-DNA probe, which suggested that HBV-like viruses might exist in those domestic animals and fowls. HBV-like virus particles were seen in one pig serum sample which was HBsAg positive. The particles could be divided into three forms in shape, large spherical particle (40-55nm), small spherical particle (20-30nm) and short filament particle. The further studies are needed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of cartilaginous nodules in the lungs of domestic poultry.

A high incidence of cartilaginous nodules was found in the lungs of broiler chickens. The incidence was higher in broilers fed ad libitum than in broilers fed a restricted amount of food. A much lower incidence of nodules was found in leghorn-type chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese. It was theorized that the nodules may develop from embolic chondrocytes arising from abnormal cartilage, but no correlation could be found between lesions in the cartilage of the broilers and the presence of nodules in their lungs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Penile inflammation in ganders].

Since 1987 penis-inflammation and -prolapse were observed in north-german breeder-geese. Up to 28% of the ganders showed local symptoms. In the females no clinical signs of cloaca-inflammation were seen. The general condition of the birds was good and there was no increased mortality. Egg production and fertility were not influenced. Bacteriological examinations of the altered penis-tissues revealed in different frequency microorganisms belonging to the genera Mycoplasma, Candida, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Proteus and Pseudomonas. Within 70 days only one third of the diseased ganders recovered completely, the others still showed penis-necrosis or -deformation. It is recommended to examine all ganders prior to each sexual season and to eliminate affected birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The pattern of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the avian forebrain.

In autoradiographs of cryostat sections through the forebrains of domestic geese (Anser anser f. dom.) the distribution of muscarinic ACh-receptors was studied. A regionally varied receptor density is described and compared to histological subdivisions. Possible correlations of receptor pattern and functional systems are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Isolation and characterization of influenza A viruses from avian species in Hong Kong.

Surveillance of apparently healthy ducks, chickens, and geese at a poultry dressing plant in Hong Kong yielded 51 haemagglutinating viruses 25 of which were influenza A viruses. Of these, 24 were subtyped into 13 combinations based on haemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens. Of the 13 different influenza A viruses isolated, 7 possessed combinations of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits that have not been reported previously-i.e., Hav2N1, Hav2Nav5, Hav4N2, Hav7N2, Hav7Nav1, Hav7Nav3, and Hav7Nav6. Four of the isolates were non-avid: they were not neutralized by antisera to any of the reference subtypes of influenza A viruses, yet antisera to each isolate inhibited both that virus and a known reference strain. The large number of combinations of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase and the isolation of two different influenza A viruses from one duck suggests that recombination may be occurring in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Diversity of influenza A virus subtypes isolated from domestic poultry in Hong Kong.

The second phase of a 2-year influenza virus surveillance programme of domestic avian species in Hong Kong (up to October 1977) yielded influenza A virus, Newcastle disease virus, and Hong Kong paramyxovirus, as well as unidentified haemagglutinating agents. These viruses were isolated from the trachea or cloaca of apparently healthy domestic ducks, geese, and chickens originating from China and Hong Kong. Twenty-five combinations of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens were identified from the 136 influenza A viruses isolated. Eight of the combinations do not appear to have been previously reported - Hav3Nav2, Hav4Nav2, Hav4Nav4, Hav4Nav5, Hav4Neq1, Hav6Nav4, Hav6Nav6, and Hav9Nav1. The existence of such a diverse pool of influenza virus genetic information may play a role in the emergence of new human pandemic strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Structural and hormonal changes during follicular maturation in the ovary of the domestic goose.

Follicle maturation in the ovary of sexually mature domestic geese in the spring reproductive cycle was investigated by histological methods and steroid-RIA. The single-layer granulosa of primary follicles temporarily transformed in the growing white follicles into several layers or a simple membrana granulosa with nuclei at several different levels in the cell. In the yolky follicles the granulosa represents a cuboidal epithelium (F4-F3) and subsequently a high cylindrical epithelium (F1). The originally connective tissue-like cells of the theca interna show a glandular proliferation in the largest white (F7) and the small yolky follicles (F6-F5). Glandular cell nests in the theca externa are typical in the generation of small white follicles and are absent in the wall of yolky follicles. Progesterone-content in the follicular wall (granulosa + theca) is the highest in the F1-F2 and F6-F5 types and is low in small white follicles (F8, F9 and F10). E2 concentration shows only slight variations between F1-F10. TEST content shows a slight increase between F1 and F3 and is high in medium-sized white follicles (F8-F9). The results suggest that in addition to the granulosa, the theca interna is also capable of an intensive progesterone synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The pathogenicity of avian mycoplasmas.

Based on literature data and own experiences the author gives an outlook about pathogenicity of avian mycoplasmas. In chickens and turkeys M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae (in addition to it M. meleagridis exclusively in turkeys) are the most important mycoplasmas producing respiratory disease, inflamation of synovial membranes and other lesions. Their pathogenic effect is very much influenced by dose of agent, route of entry of microorganism, age of birds, virulence and tropism of organism as well as associated other mycoplasma or virus or bacterial or fungal infections and conditions of environment. These facts rise difficulties in serological diagnostic and erradication program. Recently ureaplasma infection was also established in chickens and turkeys which can also be associated with respiratory disease. From ducks A. laidlawii, M. anatis and various unclassified strains were isolated, among these M. anatis and unclassified arginine splitting mycoplasma strains proved to be pathogenic. In geese M. gallinarum, A. laidlawii and A. axanthum were detected. A. axanthum showed pathogenicity for goslings and goose embryos. Its effect is exacerbated by associated parvovirus infection.

Acholeplasma laidlawii↗
PubMed1983

Surveillance of pelagic birds for influenza A viruses.

Within a 4-year surveillance period for influenza A virus in pelagic birds, 351 influenza A strains were isolated from the trachea or cloaca of 3344 apparently healthy ducks, gulls, swans, terns and geese. The isolated influenza A viruses represent 14 subtypes. Their haemagglutinins (HA) were mainly related to avian HA, but also to the human HA H2 and to the swine HA Hswl. The neuraminidases (NA) were identified as avian, equine and human NA. The isolated influenza A strains include fowl plague-like viruses Havl Neql, strains with the surface antigen Hswl Nav4 and the subtype Hav7 Navl isolated from unconcentrated water samples. A subtype unknown to date, with the antigen formula H2 Nav4, was isolated from ducks. 8.2% of pekin ducks showed dual infections.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serological investigations into the presence of antibodies to Yaba 1--Lednice 110 virus in Romania.

Sera collected from several migratory birds of the Danube Delta, from humans and domestic birds and animals of three Romanian counties were tested by hemagglutination-inhibition reaction for the presence of antibodies to Yaba 1--Lednice 110 virus. Antibodies could be detected in only 8 of the 14 species of migratory birds included in the study, especially in wild geese and ducks.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Widespread occurrence in mammals of antibodies reactive to intracytoplasmic A particles of the mouse mammary tumor virus.

Serum antibodies reactive to clusters of intracytoplasmic A particles in mouse mammary tumors and leukemia cells by means of an indirect immunofluorescence assay were detected in 11 mammalian species (ranging in frequency from 5.1 to 29.3%). These antibodies could not be found in sera from chicken, ducks and geese. Their presence in so many mammalian species, not only in mammary tumor virus-infected mice, sheds new light on similar antibodies in man detected 10 years ago.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of environmental lead poisoning on the breast muscle of the Canada goose: an ultrastructural study.

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) showing symptoms of lead poisoning were collected from their natural habitat, and their pectoralis muscle was examined for ultrastructural changes. Both the red and white fibre types showed pathological changes. In some red fibres, there were prominent accumulations of glycogen granules, occasionally membrane-bound, at certain spots, and of lipid droplets. Glycogen and lipid were also located within mitochondria. When lipid droplets were sparse in a certain fibre, occurrence of fused mitochondria often with distorted cristae, was observed. Swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae and dense intramitochondrial inclusions were present. Lysosomes and areas of mitochondrial degeneration were also seen. Dilatation of the terminal cisternae of the sacroplasmic reticulum and of the T-system was also observed in the red fibres. In the white fibres, enormous accumulations of glycogen granules were present and the cristae of mitochondria were often disrupted. In some white fibres the triads and Z-lines were in a state of severe disarray. The nuclei in both the fibre types appeared to be normal and did not contain the typical intranuclear inclusion bodies present in kidney and liver cells of lead poisoned animals and humans. It is suggested that, in the goose, lead has a diabetogenic effect, which in the breast muscle, is manifested in the large accumulations of glycogen and the disruption of glycolytic metabolism. Lead poisoning also affects mitochondrial structure and function leading to adverse effects on oxidative metabolism in the muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Feeding pattern of the landes goose].

This is a study of the comparative physiology of the feeding sequence in 24 Landes geese fed ad libitum. The relative parameters of feeding behavior and the apparatuses used have been described. We found that the 24-hour light/dark cycle, corresponding to maximal ingestion, was not the same in all the animals studied. Two groups were distinguished: those tending to be diurnal and those tending to be nocturnal. The feeding pattern of the animals in each group and from day to day was constant. The correlation between the amount ingested during the meal and the length of pre or post-prandial intervals showed great variation, and the choice of meal definition considerably affected the results.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Multiple avian influenza infection: selection of a non-avid virus by a heterologous avian host.

Experimental infection of domestic fowl, ducks and geese with an influenza A virus (H7N2) isolated from a domestic duck showed that this virus was apathogenic for these poultry. A second virus (H6N2), also apathogenic and more 'non-avid' than any such isolates previously recognised in surveillance of domestic poultry in Hong Kong, was isolated from one goose after H7N2 shedding had ceased. This goose, in effect, acted as a selective isolation system for the H6N2 virus whose presence in the field isolate could not be detected in spite of multiple passage in embryonated eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Comparative study of the muramidase (lysozyme) activity in the blood cells of laboratory and agricultural animals].

Comparative studies have been carried out on the blood of certain laboratory and farm animals and birds, whereby the activity of muramidase (lysozyme) is established in neutrophilic cells of mice, guinea pigs, rats, rabbits, dogs, hens, turkeys and geese and in the monocytes of rabbits and dogs. The percentage of cells with muramidase activity manifests species features. No cells with a presence of muramidase activity have been found in the perypheral blood of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses and bullalos. Certain questions of a general biological aspect about the origin of muramidase in the blood serum are examined on the basis of the results obtained and recent data from analyses of human blood.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The specificity of blastocysts (Rhizopoda: Lobosea)].

The analysis of specificity of blastocysts was based on the data on host association and on experimental data. In experiments we failed to infect the geese (Anser anser) with Blastocystis galli taken from the fowl (Gallus gallus) and also failed to infect the fowl with B. suis taken from the pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). Experimental data and field observations of blastocysts distribution among different groups of hosts point out that the same species of blastocysts can not parasitize in hosts belonging to different classes and orders. The examination of 89 fish specimens belonging to 14 species of Osteichthyes taken from the Neman delta did not discover any blastocysts.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Duck viral enteritis in domestic muscovy ducks in Pennsylvania.

Duck viral enteritis (DVE) outbreaks occurred at two different locations in Pennsylvania in 1991 and 1992. In the first outbreak, four ducks died out of a group of 30 domestic ducks; in the second outbreak, 65 ducks died out of a group of 114 domestic ducks, and 15 domestic geese died as well. A variety of species of ducks were present on both premises, but only muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) died from the disease. On necropsy, gross lesions included hepatomegaly with petechial hemorrhages, petechial hemorrhages in the abdominal fat, petechial hemorrhages on the epicardial surface of the heart, and multifocal to coalescing areas of fibrinonecrotic material over the mucosal surface of the trachea, esophagus, intestine, and cloaca. Histologically, the liver had random multifocal areas of necrosis and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes. DVE virus was isolated and identified using muscovy duck embryo fibroblast inoculation and virus neutralization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The lysozyme-synthetizing activity of enterococci and lactobacilli].

Lysozyme-synthesizing activity of a large collection of cultures of lactic-acid bacteria isolated from various natural substrates has been studied. It is shown that the degree of lysozyme production depends on the source of bacteria isolation. Representatives of Enterococcus genus isolated from the digestive tract of long-living people, as well as fishes, geese and ducks are most active among the coccal forms. Manifestation of lysozyme-synthesizing activity in lactobacilli depends on the group and species belonging of strains. It is established that the capacity to produce lysozyme can serve a diagnostic characteristic under identification of lactobacillus of subgenus Betabacterium. Lysozyme produced by lactic acid bacteria is one of the components in the total complex of the mechanism of biological activity of this important group of microorganisms.

Animals↗