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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Male torque strength in simulated oil rig tasks: the effects of grease-smeared gloves and handle length, diameter and orientation.

This paper examines the effects of two glove conditions and selected handle and task characteristics on tightening (clockwise) torques on cylindrical handles in simulated oil rig tasks. Ten males exerted MVC torques with the right hand on nine handles with different length-diameter combinations (3.8, 7.6, and 12.7 cm in length with 3.8, 6.7, and 8.4 cm in diameter) with dry and grease-smeared gloves in two orientations. The results showed a 50% reduction of torque when using grease-smeared glove compared to dry glove; a 15% increase with the long handle compared to the short one; a 25% increase with the medium diameter handle compared to the small one; and a 12% increase with the horizontally oriented handle compared with the vertical one. There were important interaction effects also.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of adverse reactions to latex gloves in Korean operating room nurses.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of adverse reactions to latex gloves. Among hospital personnel working in operating rooms, 41.4% reported adverse reactions to latex. Especially among OR nurses, the prevalence rate of adverse reactions was 80.3%, and that of latex allergy was 9.8%. Common symptoms were rash, skin itching, dizziness, and eye itching. Atopics had more latex allergy than the non-atopics. There was no difference in the incidence rate of latex allergy among the five gloves by the prick test. But with the exposure test, ordinary gloves had a higher latex allergy incidence than hypoallergenic gloves.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The influence of two handle designs and gloves on the performance of a simulated endodontic task.

Forty dental students used an endodontic simulator to determine the effect of two different instrument handles. A manipulative procedure was timed with and without well-fitting gloves. A barrel-shaped handle produced faster times both with and without gloves. This difference between handles was of possible statistical significance only when gloves were used (p less than 0.06). The differences between wearing and not wearing gloves were extremely small for both instruments.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1991

Glove perforation in hand surgery.

A survey of glove perforation in 100 consecutive hand surgery operations was undertaken. A total of 397 pairs of gloves were tested for punctures after the operation. Evidence of perforation was found in 19% of the gloves used, and only in 12 cases did the surgeons actually realize that a perforation had occurred. With a perforation rate of 43%, the surgeons were significantly more at risk of glove perforation than the other members of the operating team.

Gloves, Surgical↗
PubMed2003

Occupational rubber glove allergy: results of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 1995-2001.

About 21% of the patients with occupational contact dermatitis registered in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) in the years 1995-2001 were patch tested due to suspected rubber glove allergy. We analysed reaction frequencies to thiurams, dithiocarbamates, mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and its derivatives, thioureas, and 1,3-diphenylguanidine (1,3-DPG). Thiurams were by far the most frequent rubber allergens in these patients (16.2% positive reactions, age- and sex-standardized), and the reaction frequency showed a decline from 20.9% in 1997 to 12.8% in 2000. However, this trend was not statistically significant, and was followed by an increase to 16.5% in 2001. All other rubber allergens showed no time trend at all. Although, according to manufacturers' information, the use of dithiocarbamates and MBT derivatives in rubber glove production increased in recent years, these allergens elicited positive reactions in only about 3% of the patients tested, and showed no increasing trend. Thioureas and 1,3-DPG are not widely used in rubber glove production, and play only a minor role in rubber glove contact allergy. Most of the positive reactions to 1,3-DPG are probably false-positive, irritant reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effect of latex gloves on setting time of vinyl polysiloxane putty impression material.

Vinyl polysiloxane putty impression material (VPPIM) setting is unreliable when mixed in gloved hands. The exact reason for this remains obscure. This report focuses on the effect of natural and synthetic latex gloves on the setting of VPPIMs. This report indicates that synthetic latex gloves (SLG) have no effect on setting reaction of VPPIMs. However, natural latex gloves (NLG) significantly delay the setting reaction (P less than 0.05). Manufacturers should take note of this and supply SLGs for mixing. Dentists contemplating the use of VPPIMs should take these findings into consideration.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1996

Delayed and immediate orofacial reactions following contact with rubber gloves during dental treatment.

Allergic reactions during or after dental examination are uncommon. However, such reactions may be serious and distressing. Allergy to local anaesthetics and dental materials may be considered, but reactions to rubber in gloves worn by the dentist should be remembered. Two patients are reported who experienced symptoms following contact with rubber gloves worn by their dentists, with skin tests subsequently showing an allergic reaction to glove constituents, and in one case latex. With the increasing use of rubber gloves by dental and medical personnel, reactions in sensitised patients are likely to become more common. In patients with a history of symptoms related to dental work, it is important to remember delayed and immediate reactions to rubber.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
PubMed1999

Determination of alkylamine permeation through protective gloves using aliphatic amine pads.

A quantitative study of alkylamine permeation through a glove material using Permea-Tec aliphatic amine pads, used for the detection of chemical breakthrough of protective clothing, was performed for triethylamine following a microwave-extraction process and gas chromatographic analysis. Triethylamine exhibited > 99% adsorption on the pads at a spiking level of 729 ng (1.0 ml). Triethylamine showed recoveries from 63 to 90% (RSD < or = 5%) over the range 0.2-1.0 ml (146-729 ng) applied to pads. The ASTM F739 standard and direct permeability testing procedures were used to determine breakthrough times for five protective glove materials using triethylamine as a challenge chemical. Breakthrough times for six protective gloves were determined ranging from 40 s to > 4 h. The quantitative concentration of triethylamine on the pads following permeation through the gloves was also determined, ranging from 101 to 103 ng cm-2 (382-386 ng per pad).

Amines↗
PubMed2001

Glove powder promotes adhesion formation and facilitates tumour cell adhesion and growth.

BACKGROUND: The presence of foreign material in the abdominal cavity irritates the peritoneal surface, leading to an inflammatory response. This defensive mechanism can provoke adhesion formation. The same peritoneal defence cascade is thought to play a role in the process of intra-abdominal tumour recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether glove powder produced peritoneal adhesions in a rat adhesion model and whether it promoted intra-abdominal tumour recurrence in a rat tumour cell adhesion and growth model. METHODS: A reproducible model that allowed semiquantitative scoring of adhesion formation or tumour load was used in three different groups of rats. One group was treated by intra-abdominal application of powder obtained from starch-powdered gloves, one by application of pure starch and in one group no powder was used. RESULTS: Application of glove powder or pure starch on minimally and severely traumatized peritoneum gave rise to significantly greater adhesion formation and intra-abdominal tumour load than peritoneal trauma alone (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Starch-induced peritoneal trauma leads not only to more adhesion formation but also to increased adhesion and growth of tumour cells. Since good powder-free alternatives are available there is no longer any justification for the use of powdered gloves during intra-abdominal surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Glove powder: implications for infection control.

Gloves are increasingly promoted for use by healthcare workers, but this use is not without risk. Data associating powdered gloves with an increased risk of latex allergy is available and there is circumstantial evidence that the powder used may increase bacterial environmental contamination. In animal models, corn starch, the material used as glove powder, promotes wound infection. Infection control teams need to be aware of this evidence and should support switching from use of powdered to powder free gloves.

Gloves, Protective↗
PubMed1995

An ergonomic evaluation of dexterity and tactility with increase in examination/surgical glove thickness.

Latex gloves of five different thicknesses (0.21 mm, 0.51 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.76 mm, and 0.83 mm) were manufactured in-house and tested for dexterity and tactility; dexterity and tactility measures with the bare hand were used as control values. Fifteen adult males (mean age = 22.8 years, mean stature = 179 cm, mean body weight = 75.4 kg, mean palm width = 9.9 cm, mean palm depth = 10.9 cm, and mean middle finger length = 9 cm) and five adult females (mean age = 21.2 years, mean stature = 168 cm, mean body weight = 53.6 kg, mean palm width = 8 cm, mean palm depth = 8 cm, and mean middle finger length = 8.3 cm) voluntarily participated. The gloves also were tested for punctures resulting from impact forces encountered during routine hand movements. The results indicated that the latex glove with 0.83 mm thickness successfully resisted routine impact forces and at the same time provided dexterity and tactility comparable to the bare hand. Thinner gloves failed the impact test and punctured. This indicates that it is possible to greatly reduce the incidence of exposure to contaminated body fluids through accidental needlesticks without compromising the preferred hand's capabilities.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed2006

Handwashing and gloving practice among health care workers in medical and surgical wards in a tertiary care centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

We evaluated the adherence to handwashing and gloving practice among health care workers (HCWs) in 5 medical and 5 surgical wards of a 1250-bed hospital in Riyadh. Nurses, consultants, residents, interns, and medical students attending these wards were each unobtrusively observed for handwashing and gloving practice. Each HCW was observed only once for all handwashing and gloving opportunities during a single patient encounter. 312 handwashing opportunities for 230 HCWs were observed. The study population comprised 110 nurses, 76 residents, 23 medical students, 11 interns, and 10 consultants. Female subjects constituted 56.1% of the population. The ratio of handwashing sinks to beds was 1:6-7. The overall frequency of handwashing was 6.7% before patient contact and 23.7% after patient contact. Adherence to handwashing was 70.0% among medical students, 69.2% among interns, 18.8% among nurses, 12.5% among residents, and 9.1% among consultants. The duration of handwashing was suboptimal for all HCWs (average of 4.7 s). Adherence to wearing gloves for performing procedures was on average 75.5%. Poor adherence to handwashing is a worldwide problem. Strategies to improve hand hygiene practice should be multifaceted and should include increasing the availability and accessibility of handwashing sinks and alcohol-based hand rubs.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2001

MCPA permeation through protective gloves.

Permeation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in commercial herbicide formulations through common protective glove types was evaluated to aid in the selection of appropriate skin protection. The ASTM test method F739-91 was used to measure the permeation of two undiluted formulations, one containing a salt, and the other an ester form of MCPA. The four glove types tested were natural rubber, neoprene 73, nitrile 37-145, and Viton-coated chloroprene. Triplicate tests of each combination of formulation and glove material were conducted. Permeation cells with a 0.01 M sodium hydroxide collection medium were used for the experiments. Aliquots of the collection medium were withdrawn at regular intervals and acidified, and quantification of the free acid was achieved using HPLC-UV (230 nm). There was no appreciable permeation of the salt formulation over a 24-hour test period. For the ester formulation, the following mean steady-state permeation rate (microg x cm(-2) min(-1)) and mean lag time (hours), respectively, were measured: Viton (0.06, 17.8), natural rubber (0.08, 15.4), neoprene 73 (0.21, 15.1), and nitrile (0.04, 24.2). Permeation was associated with significant swelling, averaging a nearly 30 percent increase from the pre-immersion thickness. All four glove types provide adequate protection against permeation by the salt formulation and at least eight-hour protection against the ester formulation. Given the greater permeation of the ester formulation, the salt formulation of MCPA herbicide should be used whenever possible.

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed2003

Folpet permeation through nitrile gloves.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether two different brands of unsupported and unlined nitrile gloves protected against aqueous emulsions of a Folpet wettable powder (50% Folpet) using an ASTM type-I-PTC 600 permeation cell at 30.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C held in a shaking water bath. An analytical method to determine Folpet using the internal standard method was first developed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). A novel pyrolysis GC-ECD technique that quantified the thermal degradation product phthalimide had pg sensitivity suitable to detect the trace amounts of Folpet that permeated. The on-column conversion was (68.0 +/- 9.5) percent at 170 degrees C over the folpet injected mass range of 3 to 148 pg. The challenge solution in the permeation cell was 1.4 mg/mL aqueous emulsion of Folpet wettable powder, and 2-propanol was the collection solvent. After evaporation of the collection solvent, the time weighted average rate of permeation of Folpet through SafeSkin nitrile (an exams type of glove) after 8 hours was (42.1 +/- 2.9) ng/cm(2)/min compared with (2.04 +/- 0.69) ng/cm(2)/min for the Sol-Vex nitrile (industrial chemical resistant), the latter being about 21 times more protective and also near the limits of detection. The respective values after 4 hours of exposure were (28.4 +/- 1.2) and (0.65 +/- 0.36) ng/cm(2)/min. Diagnostic reflectance infrared minima of both challenge and collection sides of the gloves showed small changes in wave number and intensity values after 8 hours of exposure, with Folpet being detected in dried spots on the challenge side. GC-ECD-based permeation and IR reflectance data indicated high chemical resistance of the Sol-Vex gloves to an aqueous emulsion of Folpet.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A quantitative study of aromatic amine permeation through protective gloves using amine adsorptive pads.

A quantitative study of aromatic amine permeation through a glove material using Permea-Tec aromatic amine pads, used for the detection of chemical breakthrough of protective clothing, was performed for aniline following the microwave extraction process and gas chromatographic analysis. Aniline exhibited >99% adsorption on the pads at a spiking level of 1.94 mg (1.9 microL). Aniline showed recoveries from 65 to 89% (RSD < or =5.6%) over the range 1.1-1.9 microL (1.12-1.94 mg) of aniline applied to pads. The modified ASTM F739 and direct permeability testing procedures were used to determine breakthrough times for five protective glove materials using aniline as a challenge chemical. Breakthrough times for six protective gloves were determined, ranging from 182 sec to 82 min. The quantitative concentration of aniline on the pads following permeation through the gloves also was determined, ranging from 0.53 to 0.55 mg/cm2 (1.79-1.88 mg/pad).

Adsorption↗
PubMed2005

Change in tensile properties of neoprene and nitrile gloves after repeated exposures to acetone and thermal decontamination.

This study investigated the change in tensile properties of neoprene and nitrile gloves after repeated cycles of exposure to acetone, followed by thermal decontamination. The glove was exposed to acetone (outer surface in contact with chemical), subjected to thermal decontamination, and tested for the tensile strength and the ultimate elongation. Thermal decontamination was carried out inside an oven for 16 hours at 100 degrees C. The exposure/decontamination procedure was repeated for a maximum of 10 cycles. For neoprene versus acetone, the mean tensile strength consistently decreased after each exposure/decontamination cycle. Multiple comparisons indicated that the mean tensile strengths between the new swatches and each exposure/decontamination group were significantly different (p < 0.05). The loss of either tensile strength or ultimate elongation was less than 23% compared with new swatches after four exposure/decontamination cycles. Swatches with out acetone exposure were then cycled through the oven in the same manner. It was found that both the heat used for thermal decontamination and acetone exposure significantly affected the tensile strength and ultimate elongation. For nitrile gloves exposed to acetone, the mean tensile strength remained virtually unchanged (p > 0.05). The mean tensile strength for the new swatches was 37.1 MPa and the mean tensile strength after nine exposure/decontamination cycles was 36.0 MPa, with a loss less than 3%. The largest single cycle loss for ultimate elongation occurred during the first exposure/decontamination cycle for both glove materials. In our previous study, decisions regarding the effectiveness of the decontamination process were based on having no discernible change in the breakthrough time and steady-state permeation rate. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of the decontamination process cannot be based on permeation parameters alone but must also take into account the change in physical properties.

Acetone↗
PubMed2004

Efficacy and tolerability of ClO2-generating gloves.

The transmission of pathogenic microorganisms by the hands of workers continues to be a problem in the medical field and the food industry. Compliance with hand hygiene is often poor, and gloves may be contaminated after being donned and may transmit microorganisms. A novel, patented technology allows materials to be impregnated with microspheres that, when activated by light or moisture, generate ClO2 at sustained rates to produce a disinfecting microatmosphere. Gloves that were seeded with bacteria and then exposed to light were able to reduce the numbers of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes by 1-3 logs within 20 min, both on the gloves and on the hands of wearers. The gloves look and feel like their standard counterparts and were well tolerated in the Draize test. This technology holds promise for reducing cross-contamination and the transmission of pathogens in the medical and food handling environments.

Chlorine Compounds↗
PubMed2007

Multicenter intervention program to increase adherence to hand hygiene recommendations and glove use and to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a multimodal intervention could improve adherence to hand hygiene and glove use recommendations and decrease the incidence of antimicrobial resistance in different types of healthcare facilities. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study performed from October 1, 1999, through December 31, 2002. We monitored adherence to hand hygiene and glove use recommendations and the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among isolates from clinical cultures. We evaluated trends in and predictors for adherence and preferential use of alcohol-based hand rubs, using multivariable analyses. SETTING: Three intervention hospitals (a 660-bed acute and long-term care hospital, a 120-bed community hospital, and a 600-bed public teaching hospital) and a control hospital (a 700-bed university teaching hospital).Intervention. At the intervention hospitals, we introduced or increased the availability of alcohol-based hand rub, initiated an interactive education program, and developed a poster campaign; at the control hospital, we only increased the availability of alcohol-based hand rub. RESULTS: We observed 6,948 hand hygiene opportunities. The frequency of hand hygiene performance or glove use significantly increased during the study period at the intervention hospitals but not at the control hospital; the maximum quarterly frequency of hand hygiene performance or glove use at intervention hospitals (74%, 80%, and 77%) was higher than that at the control hospital (59%). By multivariable analysis, preferential use of alcohol-based hand rubs rather than soap and water for hand hygiene was more likely among workers at intervention hospitals compared with nonintervention hospitals (adjusted odds ratio, 4.6 [95% confidence interval, 3.3-6.4]) and more likely among physicians (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.8]) than among nurses at intervention hospitals. A significantly reduced incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among isolates from clinical culture was found at a single intervention hospital, which had the greatest increase in the frequency of hand hygiene performance. CONCLUSIONS: During a 3-year period, a multimodal intervention program increased adherence to hand hygiene recommendations, especially to the use of alcohol-based hand rubs. In one hospital, a concomitant reduction was found in the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among isolates from clinical cultures.

Alcohols↗