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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Chromosomal variability of ginseng cells transformed with plant oncogene rolC].

Chromosome numbers were was studied in ginseng cell line 1c transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4, which carried plasmid pRiA4, and with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101, which carried vector pPCV002-35S rolC. As compared with the nontransformed cell line 1c, tumor cell cultures 1c-A4 and 1c-rolC and the tissues of rolC teratoma (excluding leaves) displayed higher polyploidy and aneuploidy. The 1c-A4 and 1c-rolC hairy-root cultures also had aneuploid and polyploid cells, but the chromosome variation was lower than in tumor cells or the initial culture 1c. Generally, an increase of chromosome variation in cultivated cells was the main effect of the integration of several oncogenes, which were in the A. rhizogenes A4 T-DNA, or of the individual rolC gene in the ginseng genome. Another effect consisted in stabilization of the chromosome number in some differentiated transgenic tissues. Possible reasons for this effect are discussed.

Cell Line, Transformed↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of nitrogen form on American ginseng leaf blight].

The effects of two nitrogen forms(NO3-N and NH4-N) on American ginseng leaf blight were studied using sand culture method. The results indicated that American ginseng leaf blight caused by Alternaria panax was reduced with NO3-N, while increased with NH4-N.

Alternaria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of heavy metals and pesticides in ginseng products.

Medicinal plants may carry residuals of environmentally persistent pesticides or assimilate heavy metals in varying degrees. Several factors may influence contaminant accumulation, including species, level and duration of contaminant exposure, and topography. As part of a program for assessment of the quality of herbal medicines, we have analyzed 21 over-the-counter ginseng (Panax ginseng) products in various dosage forms. Chromium, mercury, and arsenic were undetectable above their limits of detection in both liquid and solid samples; while cadmium, lead, and nickel were present in the majority of samples. The chlorinated pesticide levels varied widely. In most samples, the total concentration of pesticides was below 100 ppb; while in 5 samples the total concentration exceeded 100 ppb.

Arsenic↗
PubMed2000

Effect of Korean red ginseng on blood pressure and nitric oxide production.

AIM: To investigate the effect of crude saponin and nonsaponin fraction of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on the blood pressure and nitric oxide (NO) production in the conscious rats and cultured endothelial cell line, ECV 304 cells. METHODS: Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were monitored in the conscious rats. Nitric oxide levels and the expression of nitric oxide synthase were measured by a spectrophotometric assay using Griess reagents and Western blotting, respectively. Nitric-oxide synthase activity was measured based on the conversion rate of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was decreased by crude saponin (100 mg/kg, i.v.) of KRG in the conscious control and one-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive (1K, 1C-GBH) rats. The hypotensive effect induced by crude saponin of KRG reached maximum at 2-4 min and slowly recovered after 20 min to the initial level in both groups. Crude saponin of KRG induced tachycardia in the conscious rats but induced bradycardia in the anesthetized rats. In contrast to crude saponin of KRG, hypotensive effect induced by saponin-free fraction was minimal. Nitric oxide concentrations were increased by the treatment of crude saponin in conscious rats as well as in the cultured ECV 304 cells. The protein expression level of endothelial constitutive nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) in the aorta of rats was not increased by crude saponin (100 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 d). However, nitric-oxide synthase activity was increased by crude saponin of KRG in the aortic homogenate of rats. CONCLUSION: The hypotensive effect of red ginseng is mainly due to saponin fraction of KRG in the conscious rats, and this effect may be due to an increase in the nitric-oxide production by KRG.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Study on variation and interrelations of characteristics at ginseng germplasms].

The variation and interrelations of some characteristics of Panax ginseng germplasms(lines), which were five selfmating generations of some single plants were studied. Methods of multivariate analysis, such as correlation, regression, or clustering, and coefficient of variation were used. The results were of benefit to the breeding and standardized planting of Panax ginseng.

Genetic Variation↗
PubMed1999

[The extraction of DNA from milligram amounts of wild mountain ginseng tissues].

OBJECTIVE: To keep wild mountain ginseng, a rare medicinal remedy, as intact as possible when extracting DNA from it, a new way to extract DNA has been explored. METHOD: The CTAB method was improved and a simple and direct way was developed. RESULT: From 0.001 g of dried samples of ginseng root DNA was obtained in an amount up to 2.25 micrograms. CONCLUSION: The RAPD fingerprinting generated by this DNA is as good as that by CTAB method. This new method may also be used for extraction of other precious Chinese medicinal materials.

DNA, Plant↗
PubMed2000

[A study on AFLP fingerprinting of land races of Panax ginseng L].

OBJECTIVE: To obtain more information on DNA fingerprintings of five land races of Chinese ginseng, namely, Damaya (DMY), Changbo (CB), Yuanbangyuanlu (YBYL) and Huangguo (HG). METHODS: The five land races were detected by amplified restriction fragment polymorphism (AFLP) markers with 11 combined primers (M2, M3, M16, M20, M53, M56, M57, M68, M69, M72, M84 in Mse I). RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Only 4.6% polymorphic sites was found. It was further verified that only a little diversity existed among the land races. The polymorphic sites of CB were much more than those of the others, which suggests that there are more heterozygotes in CB populations, and it is closer to wild ginseng than the others.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1999

[Identification of Panax quinquefolius, P. ginseng and P. notoginseng by protein fingerprints].

Establish the way of protein fingerprints to identify P. quinquefolius, P. ginseng and P. notoginseng of genus Panax by SDS-PAGE, Tris-tricine and Western blot. The fingerprints of Panax species from 28 KD to 58 KD and 55 KD are in common. Very different fingerprints of P. quinquefolius are found below 28 KD. The fingerprints above 58 KD seemed to be peculiar for P. ginseng. Hence the approach may be used as a means to authenticate the concerned Panax species, especially for identification of P. quinquefolius.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1997

[Enzynology of infected part of red skin ginseng].

By means of polyacrylaminde gel eletrothoresis and thin layer scanning, the paper semi-quantitatively studies some relation between component and activity of isoenayme of Ginseng infecting red skin desease. The results show activity of esterase increases 100% than that of normal Ginseng; activity of polyphenol oxidase increases 60-30% and represent new isoenzyme bands in the early infection in juxtapose transolant experiment.

Catechol Oxidase↗
PubMed2001

[HPLC fingerprints identification of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., P. quinquefolin L. and P. notoginseng (Burk. F. H. Chen)].

OBJECTIVE: The method was established to identify Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng. METHOD: Polaris C18-A analytical column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microns); acetonitrile-water as gradient eluent, flow rate 1.5 ml.min-1, detective wavelength at 203 nm. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The fingerprints of P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng were obtained, and all ginsenosides were analyzed perfectly. The peak height ratio of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re was a suitable character to differentiate the three species from each other.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2002

[Studeis on the constituents of alkaloids and saponins of ginseng sini tang].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Ginseng Sini Tang. METHOD: The constituents were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULT: The 12 compounds were identified as ginsenoside-Rb1,-Rb2,-Rb3,-Rc,-Rd,-Re,-Rg1,Rg2,Rg3,Rf,Ra1,Ra2. The 10 compounds were identified as benzoylmesaconitine(BM), benzoylaconitine(BA), benzoylhypaconitine(BH), neoline (NL), fuziline (FL), 14-ethyl-talatisamine14-acetyl-talatisamine (AT), 14-benzoylhypaconine-8-linoleate (HAL),14-benzoyldeoxyaconine-8-oleate(HAO), 14-benzoylhypaconine-8-palmitate(HAP), talatisamine(TS). CONCLUSION: All these compounds were obtained from Ginseng Sini Tang for first times.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2002

[Fungal detection of American ginseng seeds from Beijing and northeast area in China].

OBJECTIVE: The quantity and genus of fungi on 13 samples of American ginseng seed from Beijing and Northeast area in China were detected. METHOD: Washing and surface sterilization were used to isolate the fungi existed on seed surface and inside of the seed, respectively. RESULT: The genera of the fungi in embryo and shell of the seeds mainly belonged to Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Penicilium spp., Cephalosporium sp., Rhizopus spp., and a small quantity of Mucor, Aspergillus, Tritroderma, Doratomyces and so on. The isolated fungal frequencies on the shell and in the embryo were 36%-100% and 40%-100% respectively. CONCLUSION: The fungal frequency of American ginseng seed was higher. There were significant differences among different seed samples, the main fungal genera and isolation frequency in the seed embryo were identical with the results from the seed shell.

Alternaria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ginseng improves pulmonary functions and exercise capacity in patients with COPD.

Ginseng is a root that has been used to treat patients with various illnesses for the last 2000 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ginseng extract (G115) on Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs), Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV), Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) in patients with moderately-severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Ninety-two adults were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 49, G115 100 mg bid for three months) and placebo-control (n = 43) groups. PFTs, MVV and MIP were studied before treatment and every two weeks for the 3-month-study period. Exercise test and VO2max measurements were performed before the beginning and after six weeks and three months. P lower than 0.05 was considered significant. Baseline demographics and pulmonary parameters were similar between the groups. In the experimental, but not in the control group, all parameters significantly increased above baseline and compared with the placebo group. Maximum increase, compared with baseline was FVC-32.5%, FEV1.0-27.0%, PEF-27.5%, FEF50-45.4%, FEF75-56.9%, MVV-40.4%, MIP-47.0% and VO2max-37.5%. No side effects were observed. G115 100 mg bid for three months, but not placebo, improved PFTs, MVV, MIP and VO2 max in patients with moderately-severe COPD with no side effects.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed2003

[Modulation of expression of human GM-CSF and GM-CSFRalpha by total saponins of Panax ginseng].

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biological mechanism for modulating granulocytopoiesis by Panax ginseng. The techniques of culture of hematopoietic progenitor cells and hematopoietic stromal cells in vitro, biological assay of hematopoietic growth factor (HGF), immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization of nucleic acid, immunoprecipitation and Western blot were used to explore the effect of total saponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) on the expression of human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor alpha (GM-CSFRalpha). The results indicated that (1) bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC), thymocyte (TC), splenocyte (SC), endothelial cells (EC), and monocyte (MO) conditioned media prepared with TSPG (50 microg/ml) could significantly enhance the proliferation of CFU-GM; (2) the expressions of GM-CSF in protein and mRNA level in BMSC, TC, SC, EC and MO induced by TSPG (50 microg/ml) were much higher than that of the control; (3) the expression of GM-CSFRalpha protein in hematopoietic cells induced by TSPG (50 microg/ml) was stronger than that of the control; (4) TSPG (50 microg/ml) could stimulate the transient tyrosine phosphorylation of GM-CSFR and Shc protein. We speculate that TSPG may directly and/or indirectly promote the stromal cells and lymphocytes to produce GM-CSF and other cytokine and induce bone marrow hematopoietic cells to express GM-CSF receptors (GM-CSFRalpha), leading to the regulation of the GM-CSFR-mediated signals transduction pathway and the proliferation of human CFU-GM.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of total saponins of Panax ginseng on hematopoietic progenitor cells in normal human and aplastic anemia patients].

Ginseng was said to be benefit for anemia in TCM. Proliferation effects of total saponins of panax ginseng (TSPG) on hematopoietic progenitor cell in normal individuals and 29 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) were observed by bone marrow culture of BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-GM in vitro compared with methyltestosterone (MT). The results showed that TSPG might prompt proliferation of normal progenitor cells at the concentration of 20 micrograms/ml. The number of BFU-E, CFU-E and CFU-GM had increased by 37.8 +/- 2.9%, 31.4 +/- 2.9% and 33.3 +/- 4.0% over the controls respectively; furthermore TSPG was still useful to BFU-E, CFU-E growth without Epo in vitro, although the colony numbers were very lower. Otherwise MT was useless to CFU-GM. 14 of the 29 patients with AA who responded to MT showed sensitivity to TSPG in marrow culture (the rising rate of colony formation exceeded 30%), but immune-mediated AA (patient's PBMNC suppressed normal hematopoiesis) and stem cell-decreased AA (few of colony was formed) showed almost no expression for TSPG activity because of immunological suppression system and absence of progenitors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of ginseng volatile oil on cytochemical components of SGC-823 gastric carcinoma in cell culture].

After 24, 48 and 72 hours' treatment of cells of SGC-823 gastric carcinoma in cell cultures with ginseng volatile oil, glycogen, succinate dehydrogenase and DNA in single cells were measured quantitatively with MPV2 microscope photometer. The results show that the inhibition of cancer cell growth by ginseng volatile oil may be due to the action of metabolism of DNA, carbohydrates and energy.

DNA, Neoplasm↗