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Seventy-three human tumors and adjacent nonneoplastic tissues were analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF). Four of 9 pancreatic endocrine tumors, 2 of 3 appendiceal carcinoids, and 1 of 5 cecal carcinoids were immunoreactive for GRF. One of the GRF-containing pancreatic tumors was associated with acromegaly. Histologically, the growth patterns of these tumors were variable, and the distribution of immunoreactive cells was patchy and irregular. There were no normal cells that contained GRF. These results indicate that GRF production by human tumors is more common than previously thought, although clinical acromegaly may not be apparent in patients who harbor such neoplasms.
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47 carcinoid tumours originating from different sites were classified on a histological basis and immunohistochemically investigated by means of a modified PAP method using 10 different antisera. The biological behaviour and the extent of anaplasia were correlated. The results were compared with those described in the literature. 19 carcinoids showed a positive immune reaction with the antisera used. 5 hormone-producing tumours were poorly differentiated and in 9 cases metastases were recognized. More than one peptide hormone was detected in 7 carcinoids, 3 of which were malignant. Metastases or invasion of lymph and blood vessels were observed in 9 cases although the tumour cells showed no greater degree of cellular atypia. A good correlation between biological behaviour and cytological features was obtained in only 5 atypical carcinoids. Carcinoid tumours represent a group with complex biological, histological and immunohistochemical properties. The secreted peptide hormones might be of importance as tumour markers in some cases.
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An inverse correlation in stomach and large bowel cancer distribution was established as a result of an evaluation of cancer morbidity statistics for the City of Moscow in 1965-1980. The structure of gastrointestinal neoplasms in the next five years is likely to undergo changes in female population in which large bowel cancer is leading at present.
Twenty-eight patients received diaziquone (AZQ) as a single iv dose ranging from 2 to 27.5 mg/m2 in a phase I study. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting, tended to be cumulative, and was somewhat unpredictable in its occurrence. No pretreatment patient characteristics or chemical abnormalities were found to be consistently related to hematologic toxicity. No objective responses were noted in this study, with most patients having gastrointestinal neoplasms. A single iv injection of 22.5-27.5 mg/m2 of AZQ given every 4-5 weeks would be a suitable initial schedule. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the plasma elimination of AZQ was best described by a two-compartment open model with rapid plasma elimination of the parent drug.