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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Identification of the complement regulatory proteins CD46, CD55, and CD59 in human fallopian tube, endometrium, and cervical mucosa and secretion.

PROBLEM: Complement lytic activity has been demonstrated, and a potential for its activation is present in human cervical and tubal secretions and in the endometrium. This necessitates the presence of regulatory mechanisms for protection of the sperm and the implanting allogeneic conceptus in the female genital tract. Complement regulatory proteins demonstrated on sperm and in seminal fluid have been attributed such a role. It is however likely that additional protection is required for a successful conception and implantation to take place. This lead us to investigate the distribution of the complement regulatory factors in cervical mucus and mucosa, uterine endometrium, and fallopian tube. METHOD: Endometrium and cervical mucosa were obtained from patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions, and specimens were selected from different stages of the menstrual cycle. Fallopian tubes were obtained from patients submitted for sterilization, while cervical mucus was aspirated from volunteers undergoing gynecological examination. Immunohistochemistry was performed on all tissue samples, using monoclonal antibodies to membrane cofactor protein (MCP), decay accelerating factor (DAF), CD59 and complement receptor 1 (CR1). Western blot analysis was performed on cervical mucus under nonreducing conditions. RESULTS: MCP, DAF, and CD59 were found to be expressed in human endometrium and fallopian tube. No variation in expression was detected throughout the menstrual cycle. CR1 was not expressed. Soluble forms of DAF and CD59 were found to be present in cervical mucus. CONCLUSION: The complement regulatory proteins MCP, DAF, and CD59 are expressed throughout the female genital tract, and may thus play an important role in protecting the traversing sperm and implanting blastocyst from complement mediated damage.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2006

Morphology of human Fallopian tubes after infection with Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis--in vitro organ culture study.

BACKGROUND: Female infertility can be caused by scarring and occlusion of the Fallopian tubes. Sexually transmitted bacteria can damage the delicate epithelial layer of human Fallopian tubes (HFT). Genital mycoplasmas are associated with human reproductive failure. Yet, there is not enough evidence that mycoplasmas can cause tubal factor infertility. We analysed the effects of infections with Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium on the HFT epithelium and compared them with the effects of infections with genital pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. METHODS: We used an in vitro model in which pieces of normal HFT were infected with different bacteria, and the outcome of the infections was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: The presence of M. hominis did not cause any morphological changes of the epithelium of HFT. Noticeable changes in the morphology of the ciliated cells were observed in M. genitalium-infected tissue. Five days post-infection, the cilia were abnormally swollen and some of the ciliated cells fell off the epithelium. These effects could be inhibited by pre-incubation of M. genitalium with antibody directed against the C-terminal part of the adhesion protein MgPa before infection of HFT organ culture. CONCLUSION: We have shown that the presence of M. genitalium, but not M. hominis, in the HFT organ culture affected the epithelium and resulted in cilia damage. The effect of infection with M. genitalium on the HFT was, however, very moderate when compared with the extensive damage of the epithelium caused by N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1999

Localization of nitric oxide synthase and effects of nitric oxide donors on the human Fallopian tube.

The objective of the study was to assess the plausible existence of a nitric oxide (NO) system within the human Fallopian tube and to examine the effects of NO on tubal contractility. Tissue was obtained from fertile women at operations due to non-tubal diseases. Production of NO and sites of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were assessed by the use of NADPH diaphorase staining and by immunoblots as well as immunohistochemistry for the isoforms of NOS. Effects of NO on tubal contractility in vitro were examined by adding either of two NO donors (nitroglycerin, spermine NONOate) or an analogue of its second messenger (8-bromo cyclic GMP). The production of NO was indicated by positive NADPH diaphorase staining. In immunoblots, endothelial and inducible NOS were demonstrated in all samples analysed. By immunohistochemistry, moderate staining for endothelial NOS was demonstrated in the luminal epithelial cells and in the endothelial cells of blood vessels. Moderate staining for inducible NO synthase was seen in smooth muscle cells and weak staining in epithelial cells. Nitroglycerin, spermine NONOate and 8-bromo cGMP all resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of contractility with significant contractility inhibition at 10(-7) mol/l, 10(-6) mol/l and 10(-5) mol/l respectively. The study demonstrates the existence of an endogenous NO system, which may be of physiological importance in Fallopian tube function.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration heralding fallopian tube adenocarcinoma.

The objective of this paper is to describe an 81-year-old woman with subacute cerebellar degeneration due to fallopian tube adenocarcinoma. Serum anti-Yo antibodies were used to screen for pelvic malignancy. Their presence led to a meticulous search, which included bilateral salpingoophorectomy. Subsequently an occult fallopian tube adenocarcinoma was discovered. This case report highlights the diagnostic value of antineuroneal antibodies in females with subacute neurologic impairment in the form of paraneoplastic syndrome.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Higher GABA concentrations in fallopian tube than in brain of the rat.

The GABA content was determined simultaneously in two peripheral organs, i.e., ovary and Fallopian tube. Moreover, the effects of inhibitors of glutamate decarboxylase or gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-T) on the GABA concentrations of the two organs were examined, to point out similarities and differences between central and peripheral pathways of GABA biosynthesis and degradation. In ovary, GABA concentration was found to be about 30% of that in total brain tissue. Furthermore, isoniazid and thiosemicarbazide caused significant reduction of GABA levels in peripheral organs. In contrast to the CNS, aminooxyacetic acid failed to increase, but even produced a significant diminution in peripheral GABA content. Gabaculine did not change GABA levels. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated for the first time that a peripheral organ, i.e. fallopian tube, contained higher GABA concentrations than the CNS. On the other hand, in the organs examined GABA seemed to be synthesized similarly, but metabolized by a pathway different from that in the brain.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1994

The localization and concentration of copper in the fallopian tube in women with or without an intrauterine contraceptive device.

The localization and concentration of copper in cryostat sections of human fallopian tubes from women using an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and controls was determined by light microscopic- and atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques. The copper was visually accumulated in the epithelium and the copper concentration in the tubal tissue was increased in the IUCD user group. We also measured the concentration of copper and ceruloplasmin in serum, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups studied. Our results indicate that the IUCD has effects beyond the uterine cavity. The accumulation of copper may be associated with earlier observations of the morphological changes and infiltration of inflammatory cells observed in the fallopian tube in IUCD users.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Device for hysterosalpingography and fallopian tube catheterization.

A device was developed for hysterosalpingography and fallopian tube recanalization. It differs from the previously used vacuum-cup device in that the central shaft slides and has an acorn-shaped tip. Optimal results were obtained in all 14 women (100%) who underwent catheterization with the new device; optimal results were achieved in only five of eight women (62%) who underwent catheterization with the fixed-shaft device during the same time period.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1981

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

The present report of 16 new cases of fallopian tube carcinoma also includes 2 new cases of adenoacanthoma, an exceedingly rare tumor. The histologic evaluation of tubal carcinoma is discussed. A meticulous search at surgery for occult disease is urged, because penetration of the tubal serosa seems to be the most important determinant of prognosis. Suggestions are made for adjunctive therapy, although the authors believe the time has come for a multicentered attempt to evaluate treatment protocols randomly.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Microsurgical reanastomosis of the fallopian tube: increasingly successful outcome for reversal of previous sterilization procedures.

Reanastomosis of the fallopian tube represents a potential means of restoring fertility to women who have previously had sterilization procedures. During a 40-month period from January 1977 to June 1980, 46 such women had ent-to-end reanastomosis at Vanderbilt University Hospital, 59% after a change in their martial status. The surgical procedure included microsurgical technic, with the use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, intraperitoneal dextran, and postoperative hydrotubation. No stents or splints were used. Tubal patency was demonstrated in 43 patients (93%). Pregnancy was achieved in 25 of the 37 patients (68%) properly followed up for one year. There were no ectopic pregnancies. In three patients who did not conceive, a "second-look' laparoscopy revealed the presence of pelvic adhesions. Such a procedure allows a more accurate assessment of both the cause of the continued infertility and the future prognosis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1995

Primary fallopian tube adenocarcinoma: clinical complete response after salvage treatment with high-dose paclitaxel.

This Case Report describes a patient with primary fallopian tube cancer who had a late recurrence of pelvic disease following adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage disease. Secondary cytoreductive surgery was suboptimal. The bulky residual disease was refractory to platinum-based therapy. Extension of the disease to the retroperitoneum resulted in obstructed venous return, ureteral obstruction, and renal infection. The latter necessitated a third laparotomy and a nephrectomy. Upon recovery from surgery and failure of platinum reinduction, the patient was treated with high-dose paclitaxel. The large pelvic mass regressed rapidly and completely. Current chemotherapy for fallopian tube cancer is briefly reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Use of the phenolsulphonphthalein dye test for fallopian tube patency in cattle.

Results of preliminary investigations of fallopian tube patency in cattle using a method based on intrauterine instillation of PSP dye, and detection of the dye in the urine, suggest that this test can provide a useful diagnostic aid in cases of bilateral occlusion. In such cases PSP dye is not evident in the urine two hours later. In normal animals dye is present within 30 minutes. In two animals with unilateral blockage dye appeared at an intermediate time between the normal and bilaterally occluded cases. Repetition of the test and the use of adequate volumes of dye to cause uterine distension may be necessary to eliminate false negatives.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of salpingography and transcervical recanalization in diagnosis, categorization, and treatment of fallopian tube obstruction.

PURPOSE: The efficacy of selective salpingography (SS) and transcervical recanalization (TCR) in diagnosis, categorization, and determination of optimal treatment modality for fallopian tube obstruction was investigated. METHODS: SS and, in some patients, TCR was performed in 430 patients with a diagnosis of obstruction of one or both fallopian tubes, as determined by hysterosalpingograms (HSG). All patients (age 21-46 years) had an infertility problem for at least 18 months. RESULTS: In 196 patients, 325 tubes were patent on SS. TCR recanalized 243 tubes in 176 patients. Disease of the distal tube was demonstrated in 66 patients. There were 39 live babies in a group of 176 patients with successful TCR. Best live birth rate was in 7 of 12 (58%) patients with underlying endometriosis, followed by postsurgical strictures in inflammatory disease, 6 of 31 (19%), and salpingitis isthmica nodosa in 25 of 168 (15%). There were no pregnancies in patients with cobblestone pattern of the distal tubes. CONCLUSIONS: SS and TCR were capable of correcting obstruction of the proximal tubes in 243 of 465 tubes in 176 of 234 patients (75%). With patency of the proximal tube restored, the distal tube could be assessed for changes indicative of damage to the ciliated epithelium which was likely to reduce the ability to become pregnant. This allowed for the triage of patients into groups benefiting from the relatively inexpensive and low complication TCR or patients in need of in vitro fertilization or similar assisted reproductive technologies.

Adult↗