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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Effects of menopause on bone mineral density in women with endemic fluorosis.

PURPOSE: The effects of menopause on bone mineral density (BMD) in women with endemic fluorosis were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty healthy Turkish women who lived in and around the city of Isparta were selected randomly and enrolled in this study. They were separated into four groups: group 1, 20 premenopausal women with regular menstrual cycles and endemic fluorosis; group 2, 20 postmenopausal women with endemic fluorosis; group 3, 20 premenopausal normal women constituting one control group; and group 4, 20 postmenopausal normal women constituting the other control group. Bone mineral density was measured in the lumbar spine and proximal femur using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: In the premenopausal group, BMD values of vertebrae L2-L4 and Ward's triangle in women with endemic fluorosis were significantly greater than the respective values in women without endemic fluorosis (P = 0.024, P = 0.036). There were no differences between the groups in BMD values of the femoral neck (P = 0.156) and intertrochanteric area (P = 0.076). The BMD values of vertebrae L2-L4, the femoral neck, intertrochanteric area, and Ward's triangle in the postmenopausal women with endemic fluorosis were significantly greater than those of postmenopausal women without endemic fluorosis (P < 0.001, P = 0.015, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). The BMD values of vertebrae L2-L4, the femoral neck, intertrochanteric area, and Ward's triangle in the premenopausal women with endemic fluorosis were significantly greater than those of postmenopausal women with endemic fluorosis (P = 0.010, P = 0.002, P = 0.004, and P = 0.010, respectively). The BMD values of the sites noted for the premenopausal controls were significantly greater than those of postmenopausal controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal BMD values in both endemic fluorosis and controls were significantly less than premenopausal BMD values. Although the differences were less prominent in women with endemic fluorosis, menopause is still the major determinant of BMD in the spine and femur.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in rabbits after excessive ingestion of fluoride.

Urinary levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and hydroxyproline from normal and fluoride treated rabbits were estimated. The hydroxylysine content of serum and urine of rabbits after excessive ingestion of fluoride was also investigated. There was a progressive decrease in GAG content, reduction in hydroxylysine, whereas the hydroxyproline content was increased after fluoride ingestion. Enhanced hydroxyproline in urinary excretion is due to collagen breakdown after fluoride ingestion. The reduction in hydroxylysine content is due to reduced collagen cross-link formation. The report suggests the possibility of using the urinary levels of GAG or hydroxyproline or hydroxylysine as an index of fluoride intoxication.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Increased incidence of spina bifida occulta in fluorosis prone areas.

Spina bifida, a congenital deformity of the posterior wall of vertebrae of the spine, is a midline defect of skin, vertebral arches and neural tube, usually in the lumbosacral region. Its incidence is reported to be 0.2 to 0.4 per 1000 live births. Various hypotheses have been put forward as etiological factors for spina bifida including consumption of potato affected by blight and hardness of drinking water but these have not been proven. Two groups of 50 randomly chosen children were established. The study group consisted of children aged 5 to 12 years, weighing 15 to 30 kg, consuming fluoride rich drinking water (4.5 and 8.5 ppm fluoride; WHO permissible limit is 1.5 ppm fluoride), and manifesting either clinical, dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. The control group consisted of age and weight-matched children, consuming less than or equal to 1.5 ppm fluoride in drinking water and not showing any evidence of fluoride toxicity. These children were evaluated for antenatal history, general clinical examination (especially for dimples, tufts of hair, haemangioma on skin throughout the length of spine), other congenital abnormalities, evidence of fluoride toxicity, biochemical estimation for fluoride levels in blood and serum and by skiagrams of the spine to examine for the presence of spina bifida occulta. A total of 22 (44%) of the 50 children in group A, the study group, and 6 (12%) of the 50 children in group B, the control group, revealed spina bifida occulta in the lumbosacral region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1996

Reversal of fluorosis in children.

Large populations consume fluoride-contaminated water, especially in developing countries. The toxic effects of fluorosis take three forms: clinical, skeletal and dental. Research thus far indicates that the manifestations of fluorosis are irreversible. However, it has been observed that the ingestion of calcium, vitamin C or vitamin D, individually, is effective in protection from fluoride toxicity to a certain extent. Therefore, a double blind control trial was conducted to examine the effect of a combination of calcium, vitamin D3 and ascorbic acid supplementation in fluorosis-affected children. In the present study, 25 children were selected from an area consuming water containing 4.5 p.p.m. of fluoride, All the children were in the age group 6-12 years and weighed 18-30 kg. They were graded for clinical, radiological and dental fluorosis and relevant biochemical parameters. Grade I skeletal fluorosis and all grades of the manifestation of dental and clinical fluorosis were observed. The children were given ascorbic acid, calcium and vitamin D3 well below the toxic dosages in a double blind manner using lactose as a placebo. Follow up revealed a significant improvement in dental, clinical and skeletal fluorosis and relevant biochemical parameters in these children. Thus, the study indicated that fluorosis can be reversed, at least in children, by a therapeutic regimen that is fairly cheap, simple and easily available and without any side effects.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Phosphorus supplementation of cattle.

Severe lameness in a large proportion of an Angus cattle herd was attributed to phosphorus deficiency. The diagnosis was supported by a rapid response to phosphorus supplementation of the diet. A brief review of the development and diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency is presented. Practical considerations severely limit the choice of a phosphorus supplement. Directions for the use of the supernatant of high-phosphorus fertiliser and water mixtures, as feed or stock water additive and the production of a phosphorus lick are described. Other phosphorus supplements are discussed with particular reference to the fluorine hazard.

Animal Feed↗