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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Ribosomal DNA fingerprinting analysis of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from an outbreak of nosocomial infection].

16s and 23s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes were amplified form E. coli, labelled with [alpha- 32P] dATP by nick translation, and applied as conserved gene probes to detecting broad-spectrum rDNA. rDNA fingerprinting analysis of Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) isolated form an outbreak of nosocomial infection and other hospital environmental sources was conducted with digestion by different restrictive endonuclease, such as Hind III, EcoRI, BamHI, Bgl I, et al. Results showed rDNA fingerprinting of E. cloacae strains isolated from 10 patients with nosocomial infection was the same as that from other sources. It suggested E. cloacae causing this outbreak was originated from one genetic clone, and its source of infection was the tubes and humidifying bottles for oxygenation. rDNA fingerprinting technique is accurate, reliable, specific and repeatable, and will plays important roles in identification and classification of bacteria, tracking the source of transmission of nosocomial infection.

Cross Infection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic diversity of 3 DNA probes in the DNA fingerprinting of a Mexican population].

Each individual may be identified by characterizing its genetic material by DNA fingerprinting technology. Its application in Mexico demands a knowledge of the allelic and genotypic diversity of the DNA markers and the probability that two individuals may have the same fingerprint. In the present study the allelic and genotypic diversities of the loci D12S11 (MS43A), D7S22 (g3) and D1S7 (MS1) were determined in 100 Mexican students of the military school of medicine (Escuela Médico Militar de México). The mean allelic frequency of the loci MS43A, g3, and MS1 was 0.01, 0.008 and 0.006, respectively. The heterozygosity of MS43A and g3 was 98 and 99% for MS1. The probability that two individuals might have the same genetic pattern was 2.0 x 10(-4), 1.3 x 10(-4) and 7.2 x 10(-5) for the loci MS43A, g3 and MS1, respectively, and as low as 1.9 x 10(-12) for the three taken together. These data indicate that the genetic diversity of these DNA fingerprinting markers in the Mexican population is high enough to warrant its use in paternity testing and in the identification of individuals in forensic medicine.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1993

Use of random fragments of chromosomal DNA to highlight restriction site heterogeneity for fingerprinting isolates of Salmonella typhimurium from hospitalized animals.

Random fragments of DNA were obtained from a cosmid library of Salmonella agona genomic DNA. From this library, 2 fragments were chosen and pooled to probe isolates of S typhimurium obtained during an episode of salmonellosis in a veterinary medical teaching hospital. Chromosomal DNA from the Salmonella isolates was digested with restriction endonucleases, and was probed with the random fragments of chromosomal DNA. This procedure resulted in a fingerprint pattern for each isolate. We found that the method permitted discrimination between isolates involved in the disease episode and S typhimurium obtained prior to the episode. We conclude that random fragments of chromosomal DNA are useful for fingerprinting isolates of S typhimurium. Analysis of plasmid DNA obtained from the isolates was not as useful. Some isolates found to be identical by restriction site analysis, had plasmids of different molecular weight. These results indicate that plasmid analysis may not be as useful a fingerprinting tool as previously reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Oligonucleotide (GTG)5 in bacterial DNA fingerprinting.

On a set of 198 bacterial strains out of 19 different species we have tested the ability of oligonucleotide (GTG)5 to provide definitive DNA fingerprints. All the tested bacteria gave rise to at least one band after digestion with Hinf I and hybridization with radioabelled oligonucleotide (GTG)5. The number of resulting bands varied considerably from species to species and correlated strongly with the GC content of individual bacterial species. A set of 13 well defined laboratory strains of Escherichia coli was divided into 3 groups after GTG fingerprinting, while standard ribotyping revealed no differences. GTG fingerprinting is simple and reliable method for typing bacteria and may be of particular value in those bacterial species, where no other typing systems are available.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of the teeth in genetic fingerprinting].

Blood, hairs and sperm are tissues currently used in forensic science to carry out DNA fingerprints in the field of individual identification. Our study aims at showing that dental pulp can also be an exploitable DNA source. A quantitative and qualitative DNA investigation on a yield gel with sizing extracted from this tissue shows that the molecule appears to be in a great quantity and of a high molecular weight. The last characteristic allows the use of the restriction fragments length polymorphic technique to make DNA fingerprints, based on the individual variations of the restriction sites disposition, within the DNA molecule, for a given enzyme. Thus, for an enzyme, the length of the restriction fragments obtained and revealed by a probe, is visualized by autoradiograph. According to this technique, we compared the DNA fingerprints obtained on 8 persons with the probe MS43A, from both pulpal and nucleated blood cells. During the extraction of the third molar of each sample, a small quantity of blood was taken in the tooth socket. In the same time DNA was recovered. For a same person, the autoradiograph showed the same pattern for both blood and tooth sample. The DNA profile similitude confirms the possibility of using the tooth for genetic analysis. The interest in using dental tissues as a DNA source of individual identification falls within the particular character of resistance of this organ towards physical or chemical exterior aggressions. The tooth which until now was used in Anthropology and Forensic Science for its morphological aspects could be used this way for genetic study.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1993

[Application of DNA fingerprinting to obstetrics and gynecology].

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) are variations in the size of restriction fragments of genomic DNA that hybridize to specific probes. They are the consequence of changes in primary DNA sequences, most of which result from small-scale changes in DNA. Recently minisatellite DNA probes that detect many regions of great variability within the human genome have been described. Minisatellite probes consist of multiple repeated copies of a common 10-15 base pair core sequence. On hybridization to restriction enzyme digests of human DNA, they simultaneously detect many highly polymorphic minisatellites at different loci in the genome, and produce band patterns that are individual specific. The band patterns are called "DNA fingerprints" or "DNA barcode" which can be used for individual identification on forensic and legal medicine. In addition to forensic and legal medicine, DNA fingerprinting can be used in both basic research and clinical examination of obstetrics and gynecology. The RFLP bands in DNA fingerprinting are inherited as single Mendelian co-dominants and we can use such minisatellite DNA probe for the determination of zygosity in multiple pregnancy. This probe can be used for the determination of androgenesis as a cause of complete hydatidiform mole. Each polymorphic band in molar tissues could be identified as being of paternal but not maternal origin. Some polymorphic bands of paternal origin were not observed in molar tissues, indicating that endoreduplication of a normal haploid sperm or fertilization by dispermy to an anuclear oocyte with no effective genome could be the cause of complete hydatidiform mole (androgenesis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of multigene families by DNA fingerprinting of conserved domains: directed cloning of tissue-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases.

Little is known about the number of mouse protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and their developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns. A new procedure based on fingerprinting of amplified catalytic domains detects expression of at least 20 different mouse PTPs during development. The majority of these PTPs show developmentally regulated expression patterns; some display a unique tissue specificity. Diagnostic fragments detected in the fingerprint analysis are used here as specific probes to directly clone two previously unknown ubiquitously expressed PTPs and PTP1C, a protein tyrosine phosphatase highly expressed in thymus RNA. The fingerprinting procedure is also applicable to the analysis of protein tyrosine kinases and may also be used to study the expression pattern of other multigene families.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA fingerprint analysis of standard, intermediate, and variant antigenic types of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar pullorum.

DNA fingerprint profiles and antigenic types of 150 Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar pullorum field isolates and seven reference strains were evaluated. Field isolates were submitted to the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Ames, Iowa, between Oct. 1, 1990, and Aug. 20, 1991. Three antigenic types (standard [n = 96], intermediate [n = 50], and variant [n = 4]) were identified among the field isolates. The NciI fingerprint profiles of all field isolates were identical. Differentiation of field isolates was observed by digestion of DNA with HpaII; three profiles were recognized. One HpaII profile (designated SP HpaII 001) was common among 144 isolates (standard, n = 90; intermediate, n = 50; and variant, n = 4); the remaining six pullorum standard type isolates were equally dispersed between two HpaII profiles (designated SP HpaII 002 and 003). Three antigenic types were identified among the seven reference strains (reference strains 11, 17, 19, and 20 [standard]; reference strain 4 [intermediate]; reference strains 79 and 296 [variant]). One NciI profile was recognized; two HpaII profiles were observed. Six reference strains (11, 17, 19, 20, 79, and 296) had profile SP HpaII 001, and reference strain 4 had profile SP HpaII 002. No correlations were established between DNA fingerprints and antigenic types.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiology of tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting.

In recent years, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes have become available to study the epidemiology of tuberculosis by DNA fingerprint techniques. These methods make it possible to distinguish different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Currently, DNA fingerprinting is integrated with conventional epidemiological approaches to improve understanding of the spread of tuberculosis. This molecular approach has led to the investigation of a wide variety of epidemiological issues, such as adequate identification of outbreaks, tracing of nosocomial infections in hospitals, and investigation of the relative contribution of newly acquired versus reactivated infections in different populations. This paper reviews the potentials of DNA fingerprinting for studying the epidemiology of tuberculosis, and the lessons learned from this strategy. In addition, future prospects for molecular epidemiology will be discussed.

Contact Tracing↗
PubMed1996

Effect of storage of blood samples on DNA yield, quality and fingerprinting: a forensic approach.

Various storage treatments on human blood samples have been described with respect to DNA yield, quality and fingerprinting. Blood samples were stored at room temperature, 4 degrees C, -20 degrees C and -70 degrees C for different duration varying from 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks with or without anticoagulant/preservative (EDTA or Heparin). DNA was isolated from these stored samples, quantitated by spectrophotometry and subjected to DNA fingerprinting using a human alphoid satellite DNA sequence (TRF 5.6) and a 33 mer oligonucleotide (O-chi-1) as probes. The polymorphic DNA bands were apparent between 2 to 9 kb size range and the fingerprints were individual-specific. Our results suggest that higher amount of genomic DNA can be recovered from blood samples stored at temperatures 4 degrees C or below in the presence of EDTA or heparin.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Individual identification of cadaver parts after a bomb explosion using oligonucleotide fingerprinting by (GTG)5].

A blind shell suddenly and unexpectedly exploded, and 20 dismembered human remains were discovered. DNA fingerprint was performed to determine whether the 20 human remains were derived from one person or not. DNA was isolated from each of the remains and digested by the restriction enzyme Hinf I and Hae III and hybridized with the oligonucleotide probe (GTG)5. DNA fingerprint using Hinf I demonstrated the same band pattern in 17 out of the 20 remains. However, in the remaining 3 samples, two novel strange bands were observed. DNA fingerprint using Hae III showed completely identical pattern in all of the remains.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Extracting and visualizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectral fingerprints.

We have developed a method for constructing and extracting matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) fingerprints. This method is fully automated and statistically based, allowing a large number of spectra to be analyzed at a time in an objective manner. This method can be used to extract the fingerprint of a particular analyte from a spectrum containing multiple analytes. Therefore, this method lends itself well to real-world applications where samples to be analyzed are likely to be impure. We illustrate this method on experimental results from a series of studies of E. coli and B. atrophaeus MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) fingerprints.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2000

Novel procedure for the identification of proteins by mass fingerprinting combining two-dimensional electrophoresis with fluorescent SYPRO red staining.

The fluorescent sensitive SYPRO Red dye was successfully employed to stain proteins in two-dimensional gels for protein identification by peptide mass fingerprinting. Proteins which are not chemically modified during the SYPRO Red staining process are well digested enzymatically in the gel and hence the resulting peptides can be efficiently eluted and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A SYPRO Red two-dimensional gel of a complex protein extract from Candida albicans was analysed by MALDI-TOF MS. The validity of SYPRO Red staining was demonstrated by identifying, via peptide mass fingerprinting, 10 different C. albicans proteins from a total of 31 selected protein spots. The peptide mass signal intensity, the number of matched peptides and the percentage of coverage of protein sequences from SYPRO Red-stained proteins were similar to or greater than those obtained in parallel with the modified silver protein gel staining. This work demonstrates that fluorescent SYPRO Red staining is compatible with the identification of proteins separated on polyacrylamide gel and that it can be used as an alternative to silver staining. As far as we know, this is the first report in which C. albicans proteins separated using 2-D gels have been identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. The improved technique described here should be very useful for carrying out proteomic studies.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Enzyme fingerprints of activity, and stereo- and enantioselectivity from fluorogenic and chromogenic substrate arrays.

A series of stereochemically and structurally diverse fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates for hydrolytic enzymes has been synthesized and used to characterize enzyme activity profiles of esterases, lipases, proteases, peptidases, phosphatases, and epoxide hydrolases. The substrates used are particularly resilient to nonspecific reactions due to their mechanism of activation. The activities recorded with the individual substrates are therefore remarkably reproducible, and enable us to use the overall pattern of activity as a specific fingerprint for the enzyme sample. Fingerprints of activity, and enantio- and stereoselectivity are displayed as arrays of color-scale squares that are easily analyzed visually. Such fingerprints might be useful for quality control, enzyme discovery, and possibly for addressing the issue of functional convergence in enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Intracellular autoantigens: diagnostic fingerprints but aetiological dilemmas.

Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, Sjögren's syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease and dermato/polymyositis are each characterized by distinct sets of autoantigens and antibodies which confer on each disease a specific immune profile or fingerprint. These immune fingerprints have advanced our management of this group of diseases, as aids in differential diagnosis and earlier recognition. In lupus and scleroderma, multiple antigen/antibody systems characterize these fingerprints and the autoantigens appear to be located in separate cell compartments of the nucleus, nucleolus and cytoplasm. Because these antibodies are so distinctive for each disease, the response must be antigen driven or at least antigen directed. However, the apparent multi-focus location of the autoantigens poses a problem. It now appears that in scleroderma this dilemma may be explained by the consideration that at a certain time point in cell metabolism all the known autoantigens may be assembled at one location to form a single structural entity. It is possible that this assembly of antigens may be required for a specific cellular function. An autoimmune response to this transiently assembled structure comprising several different proteins and nucleic acids could result in the complex immune response seen in this disease.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fingerprint analysis of Flos Lonicerae japonicae using binary HPLC profiling.

Binary chromatographic profiling was employed in fingerprint analysis of Flos Lonicerae japonicae, the flower bud of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Standardized procedures were used to develop the profiling for both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Other species in the previous Chinese Pharmacopoeia and some in folk remedy were successfully differentiated from L. japonica Thunb. by hierarchiral cluster analysis of the chromatographic profiles. Correlation analysis showed that six chromatographic peaks in ethanolic extract were positively correlated with in vitro bacteriostasis activity. Two standard fingerprints were developed with 10 genuine samples of L. japonica Thunb. Similarity analysis with a limited number of samples showed a fair consistence in the chromatographic profiling of L. japonica Thunb. from various sources and two harvests, and significant differences from other species. Combination use of the two fingerprints demonstrated confirmative identification and quality assessment of Flos Lonicerae japonicae.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2007

Comparison of 2D fingerprint methods for multiple-template similarity searching on compound activity classes of increasing structural diversity.

We studied the similarity search performance of differently designed molecular fingerprints using multiple reference structures and different search strategies. For this purpose, nine compound activity classes were assembled that exclusively consisted of molecules with different core structures and that represented different levels of intra-class structural diversity. Thus, there was a strict one-to-one correspondence between test compounds and core structures. Analysis of unique core structures was found to be a better measure of class diversity than distributions of simplified scaffolds. On increasingly diverse classes, a trainable fingerprint using a unique search strategy performed better than others tested herein. Overall, clear preferences were detected for nearest-neighbor search strategies over fingerprint-averaging techniques. Nearest-neighbor searching that relied on selecting database compounds most similar to one of the reference structures often improved compound recovery over other averaging methods, but at the cost of decreasing the ability to detect hits that were structurally distinct from reference molecules.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Electrophoretic fingerprinting and multiparameter analysis of cells and particles.

A recently developed electrophoretic instrumentation based on a real-time image processing system has been applied to electrophoretic fingerprinting and multiparameter analysis of cells and other particles. The comparison between theoretical and experimental electrophoretic fingerprints, completed by the analysis of differences between measured fingerprints, offers a new methodology for better understanding and controlling of the processes at solid/liquid interfaces. Moreover, the multi-parameter analysis including electrophoretic mobility, size, density and shape of cells can complete the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases.

Ascitic Fluid↗