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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Sonographic and MRI appearance of tensor fasciae suralis muscle, an uncommon cause of popliteal swelling.

A 20-year-old white man presented with a localized unilateral swelling in the popliteal fossa. Ultrasound (US) showed the presence of an accessory muscle, the tensor fasciae suralis. The muscle was located in the proximal portion of the popliteal fossa, superficial to the medial head of the gastrocnemius. Its long tendon extended inferiorly to join the Achilles tendon. Magnetic resonance images correlated well with the US findings, confirming the diagnosis. Tensor fasciae suralis muscle is a rare cause of popliteal swelling and must be differentiated from other masses. Both US and magnetic resonance imaging can diagnose it but we suggest US as the first-line technique in its evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Foreign body removal and immediate nasal reconstruction with superficial temporal fascia.

For nasal augmentation, various materials have been used for many years. The injection of foreign body has been carried on, although it is performed mostly by laymen. Because many complications arise after augmentation rhinoplasty by foreign body injection, secondary correction has been needed. These complications have included headaches, swelling, redness, palpable mass, skin discoloration, telangiectasia and fear of cancer. The authors treated 10 patients who had undergone injection of foreign body to the nose. After the foreign body was removed, we immediately reconstructed nasal deformity by silicone implant wrapping with superficial temporal fascia. This method has many advantages including easy contouring of nasal shape and fixation, absence of foreign body reaction, reduced inflammatory reaction, no or minimal concerns regarding the migration or extrusion of the implants, and nonvisible donor scar. The mean follow-up period was 8 months, and no complications occurred. The authors conclude that nasal deformity can be successfully reconstructed immediately using silicone implant wrapping with superficial temporal fascia after foreign body is removed from the nose. In the authors' experience, this procedure has improved aesthetic appearance and met patients' expectations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frontalis suspension technique with a temporal-fasciae-complex sheet for repairing blepharoptosis.

Congenital blepharoptosis presents as a drooping upper eyelid with an unpleasant appearance. Severe blepharoptosis usually has to be treated with varying modifications of frontalis suspension techniques. Each, however, has certain drawbacks. In this paper, a refined frontalis suspension technique with temporal-fasciae-complex sheet is presented for repairing severe blepharoptosis. The technique suspends the eyelid from the frontalis muscle with a temporal-fasciae-complex sheet through the submuscular tunnel between the eyelid and the frontalis. Each of the 16 patients (22 eyelids) achieved good upper eyelid elevation and proper palpebral crease formation. We found that the technique is simple, effective, and predictable with minimal risk of complications. It could be optimal for correcting severe blepharoptosis, especially for Oriental patients who demand palpebral crease formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Groin lymphadenectomy with preservation of femoral fascia: total inguinofemoral node dissection for treatment of vulvar carcinoma.

This article describes a new technique for groin lymphadenectomy with preservation of the femoral fascia based on correct embryologic and anatomic knowledge of inguinofemoral lymph node disposition and their exact relation with the fascial structures of Scarpa's triangle. Scarpa's triangle dissection follows a three-step procedure: development of the side starting from the inguinal ligament; development of the angles proceeding from the apex where the saphenous vein is resected; and dissection of the fossa ovalis by grasping and elevating the entire block of adipose tissue containing the superficial inguinofemoral nodes and the stump of the great saphenous vein. This surgical step allows us to expose and remove en bloc the deep femoral nodes lying medial to the portion of the femoral vein located within the fossa ovalis. The total number of inguinofemoral nodes removed from a series of 156 patients operated on during 1981-2002 ranged from 8 to 35 (mean 20) bilaterally and from 4 to 18 (mean 10) unilaterally. The 5-year survivals by stage were, respectively, 86.2% for stage Ib, 69.2% for stage II, 49.3% for stage III, and 13.3% for stage IVa; these figures are comparable to the survival rates reported by those performing the classic groin lymphadenectomy. Groin lymphadenectomy with preservation of the femoral fascia is thus an oncologically sound conservative procedure that can replace the classic Way's technique, which involves femoral vessel skeletonization, and can be useful for treating malignant diseases requiring groin dissection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Bilateral attachment of the vaginal cuff to iliococcygeus fascia: an effective method of cuff suspension.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the anatomic success, defined as no persistent or recurrent support defects, of suspension of the vaginal cuff to iliococcygeus fascia. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-two women treated by suspension of the vaginal cuff to iliococcygeus fascia and repair of coexisting pelvic support defects between March 19, 1987, and June 11, 1992, had site-specific analysis of pelvic support performed preoperatively and at consecutive postoperative visits. The findings at the 6-week postoperative visit and subsequent visits were compared for support of the vaginal cuff and additionally for the urethra, bladder, cul-de-sac, and rectum. RESULTS: Two patients (5%) have had recurrence of their cuff prolapse during follow-up, one of whom required further surgery. She also had recurrence of an inguinal hernia that had been repaired at the original surgery. The other patient who had had five previous pelvic procedures developed asymptomatic prolapse of the cuff halfway to the hymen. Six additional patients have had loss of support at other sites in the follow-up period, one of whom had repeat surgery. CONCLUSION: Ninety-five percent of women experienced no persistence or recurrence of cuff prolapse 6 weeks to 5 years after the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

An anterior transversalis fascia repair for adult inguinal hernias.

During the eight year period from 1967 to 1975, 1,020 patients more than eighteen years old underwent 1,311 inguinal herniorrhaphies. Group I consisted of 723 inguinal herniorrhaphies in which either a Bassini or a Cooper's ligament repair was used. During a four to nine year follow-up period, the total recurrence rate was 11.5 per cent; the recurrence rate for the primary repair group was 7 per cent and for the recurrent group 32 per cent. The follow-up rate was 93.7 per cent. Group II consisted of 591 herniorrhaphies in which the repair was performed by an anterior transversalis fascia technic. During a two to five year follow-up period, the total recurrence rate was 2.7 per cent; 1.8 per cent for primary repairs and 8.0 per cent for recurrent hernias. The follow-up rate was 98 per cent (95 per cent by personal examination). Assuming that the recurrences in group II will occur with the same frequency as in group I, our projected four to nine year recurrence rate is 3.4 per cent. This suggests that the anterior transversalis fascia repair results in a lower recurrence rate than either the Bassini or Cooper's ligament repairs.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Development of afferent lamination in the fascia dentata of the rat.

In the present study we examine the development of afferent lamination in the fascia dentata of the postnatal rat, as a first step in determining possible mechanisms controlling synaptic specificity in this system. This analysis is based on degeneration-induced argyrophilia as well as autoradiographic labeling of the entorhinal and commissural/associational afferents. Both methods show that in spite of the immaturity of the neonatal fascia dentata, these afferent systems have already established territorial relationships by 4 days of age which persist into adulthood. At 4 days, the entorhinal projection is restricted approximately to the outer 45 mum of the 80 mum wide molecular layer. The commissural/associational projection occupies appoximately the inner 35 mum of the molecular layer. At older ages the commissural/associational zone increases in width very slowly relative to the entorhinal zone. We also discuss these results in relation to potential mechanisms of afferent development and dendritic differentiation.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1980

Selective reinnervation of hippocampal area CA1 and the fascia dentata after destruction of CA3-CA4 afferents with kainic acid.

Intraventricular injections of kainic acid were used to destroy the hippocampal CA3-CA4 cells, thus denervating the inner third of the molecular layer of the fascia dentata and stratum radiatum and stratum oriens of area CA1. The responses of intact afferents to such lesions were then examined histologically. The hippocampal mossy fibers densely reinnervated the inner portion of the dentate molecular layer after bilateral destruction of CA4 neurons and to a lesser extent after unilateral destruction. Septohippocampal fibers replaced CA4-derived fibers in the dentate molecular layer only after particularly extensive bilateral CA4 lesions. Medial perforant path fibers showed no anatomical response to any of these lesions. Neither septohippocampal, temporoammonic nor mossy fibers proliferated in or grew into the denervated laminae of area CA1. These results show a preferential ordering in the reinnervation of dentate granule cells which is not readily explained by proximity to the degenerating fibers and also that removal of CA3-CA4-derived innervation more readily elicits translaminar growth in the fascia dentata than in area CA1. These results may be relevant to clinical situations in which neurons of the hippocampal end-blade are lost.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1981

Associational and commissural collaterals of neurons in the hippocampal formation (hilus fasciae dentatae and subfield CA3).

In rats, True Blue (or Granular Blue) was injected into the hippocampus of one hemisphere and Nuclear Yellow into a homotopic site of the hippocampus of the contralateral hemisphere. Following restricted injections into the septal part of area dentata fluorescent neurons were found in hilus fasciae dentate on both sides except for the most temporal 2 mm, while no fluorescent neurons were found in the Ammon's horn. Following restricted injections into the septal part of CA1, fluorescent CA3 pyramidal cells were found on both sides as far as 5.5--6.0 mm temporal to the injection, while no fluorescent neurons were seen in the hilus fasciae dentate. Hilus neurons simultaneously labeled with the True Blue and Nuclear Yellow were seen following injection of these substances into the area dentata of the two hemispheres, one tracer in each hemisphere, while double-labeled CA3 pyramidal cells were seen in cases with analogous injections in the septal part of CA1 of the two hemispheres. We conclude that the commissural and associational fibers to the area dentata and the Ammon's horn arise from neurons in the hilus and the CA3, respectively, and that at least some hilus and CA3 neurons have both an associational and a commissural branch.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1989

A GABAergic axo-axonic cell in the fascia dentata controls the main excitatory hippocampal pathway.

Neuronal discharge is very efficiently blocked by inhibitory synapses on the axon initial segment. Here we describe a novel type of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inhibitory neurons in the rat fascia dentata that exclusively forms synaptic contacts with the axon initial segments of numerous dentate granule cells. This way the main excitatory pathway of the hippocampal formation which interconnects the fascia dentata with the hippocampus proper is controlled. We hypothesize that hypofunction of this inhibitory neuron causes overexcitation in the main excitatory pathway which could play a role in epilepsy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Neural grafts attenuate behavioral deficits produced by early radiation-induced hypoplasia of fascia dentata granule cells.

Localized X-irradiation of the mitotic cells in the neonatal rat hippocampus produces a discrete hypoplasia of the fascia dentata granule cell layer. This brain damage inhibits the acquisition of a passive avoidance task, and stimulates spontaneous perseverative turning (without reversals) in a plastic hemisphere apparatus. Here we report how transplantation of fetal brain tissue can attenuate these radiation-induced behavioral deficits. The partially shielded cerebral hemispheres of neonatal rats received fractionated exposures to 13 Gray (Gy) of X-rays during the first 16 days post partum. This procedure depleted 90% of the hippocampal granule cells while sparing other brain areas. Control animals were sham irradiated. Baseline behavioral tests were conducted when subjects reached an average age of 147 +/- 4 days. We recorded behavioral parameters known to be sensitive to hippocampal damage: (1) passive avoidance performance, and (2) perseverative spontaneous turning without reversals. Irradiated subjects later (average age = 182 +/- 4 days) received intracerebral transplants of either fetal (E20-21) neurons/neuronal precursors from the fascia dentata or cerebral cortex (control grafts). Additional controls (both irradiated and sham-irradiated) experienced sham surgical procedures or received no surgical manipulation. Two post-surgical behavioral retests were accomplished when rats were 265 +/- 5 and 351 +/- 6 days old. Rats were then sacrificed and brains were treated histologically to assess radiation-induced brain damage, graft survivability and graft locus. Both hippocampal and cerebral cortex grafts generally facilitated performance on the passive avoidance task. This effect was most prominent during the first post-surgical test. Hippocampal transplants (especially those found to reside in the damaged hippocampus) also significantly attenuated perseverative spontaneous rotation at the time of the final post-surgical test series. Cortex grafts found within the damaged hippocampus did not ameliorate perseverative movements, while cortex grafts located outside the hippocampus significantly reduced this behavioral deficiency. These data suggest that selected behavioral deficits may be attenuated by transplanting fetal neural tissue long after early radiation-induced brain damage. The success of these procedures depends on a number of factors including: (1) the behaviors chosen for analysis, (2) the time after transplantation that behavioral tests are conducted, and (3) the source and final location of the donor neural tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Early neural grafts transiently reduce the behavioral effects of radiation-induced fascia dentata granule cell hypoplasia.

X-irradiation of the neonatal rat hippocampus produces a selective hypoplasia of fascia dentata granule cells, locomotor hyperactivity, perseverative movements and deficits in passive avoidance. We previously reported that transplantation of fetal hippocampal tissue into the adult (age = 182 +/- 4 days) brain produced a partial recovery of these behavioral deficits. Since graft/host interconnections are more prominent when transplants are conducted soon after radiation-induced hippocampal damage, in this study we transplanted hippocampal or cerebral cortex neurons when host rats were 33 +/- 5 days of age (i.e. only 16 days after radiogenic brain damage). Behavioral evaluations were conducted 80 and 182 days after transplantation or surgical control procedures. In the first test series only, selective components of locomotion (e.g. stereotypy and total distance traveled) and perseverative turning (e.g. mean bout length and turning speed topography) were normalized by the hippocampal grafts. Radiation-induced changes in passive avoidance were less prominent in these studies than in past experiments. Still, transplantation of hippocampal tissue improved performance on this learning task as well. Cerebral cortex grafts did not produce reliable improvements in most behavioral measures. These data suggest that hippocampal grafts placed soon after X-ray induced fascia dentata hypoplasia reduce a broad range of behavioral deficits. However, these benefits are transient and, for the most part, depend on the use of transplant tissues homologous with those damaged.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The use of the fascia of the lower leg as a roll-over flap: its possible clinical applications in reconstructive surgery.

In two patients we have used the fascia of the lower leg as a roll-over flap to heal defects of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The case reports are preceded by the description of an experimental anatomical model to illustrate the attachments, blood supply and the potential range of movement of the fascia of the medial intermuscular compartment of the leg. The rationale for the procedures that were performed and the problems encountered are discussed.

Fasciotomy↗
PubMed1990

The role of a temporalis fascia and muscle flap in temporomandibular joint surgery.

Temporalis fascia, with a varying thickness of temporalis muscle, may be harvested as an axial flap based on the middle and deep temporal arteries and veins. The dependable blood supply, the proximity to the temporomandibular joint, and the ability to alter the arc of rotation by basing the flap inferiorly or posteriorly make this a versatile flap for lining the temporomandibular joint. In this report, the anatomy is reviewed, the harvesting technique is described, and multiple uses of the temporalis muscle-fascia flap in temporomandibular joint surgery are described.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1992

Reorganization of input synapses of parvalbumin-containing neurons in the rat fascia dentata following entorhinal lesion.

Removal of ipsilateral entorhinal afferents to the fascia dentata results in a retraction of postsynaptic parvalbumin (PARV)-containing dendrites of GABAergic neurons from the outer molecular layer. This study analyzes the reorganization of input synapses of these identified neurons following deafferentation. The density of synaptic input (total length of synaptic membrane specializations) of PARV-immunostained dendrites increased by 34% in the outer molecular layer of the fascia dentata 8 days, and by 21% 55 days following lesion when compared with unoperated controls. Eight days postlesion this increase was mainly due to an enlargement of synaptic membrane specializations of single terminals whereas 55 days after the lesion there was an increase in the number of synapses on the identified dendrites. Our results suggest expansion of terminals of remaining afferent systems (i.e. commissural fibers) in the early postlesional period and reactive synaptogenesis (i.e. de novo formation of synaptic contacts) on PARV-positive dendrites after long survival time. This increased innervation may be of functional importance as it might compensate for the reduction of the receptive field of the PARV-positive, supposedly inhibitory neurons in the postlesional dentate gyrus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Mossy fiber sprouting in the fascia dentata after unilateral entorhinal lesions: quantitative analysis using computer-assisted image processing.

Axon sprouting typically occurs in a brain region that has been partially denervated. The present study demonstrates, quantitatively, evidence for sprouting outside the region of deafferentation. A modification of the Timm sulfide silver histochemical method was used to monitor an increase in the mossy fiber terminal field in the fascia dentata of adult rats following severe deafferentation of the outer three-fourths of stratum moleculare by unilateral entorhinal lesions. Computer-assisted image processing techniques were used to quantify mossy fiber sprouting. In stratum granulosum, and to a lesser extent in the deep (supragranular) portion of stratum moleculare (areas separated from the zone of deafferentation), there was a three-fold increase in the area of mossy fiber staining on the side of the lesion compared to the non-operated side (and unoperated animals). Much of the increased staining was located near the tip of the infrapyramidal (ventral) blade of the fascia dentata. Since mossy fiber sprouting apparently occurs in the absence of degeneration-produced synaptic dilution in that region, it may represent an example of post-lesion growth initiated by conditions fundamentally different from those normally believed to induce sprouting.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Autoradiographic analysis of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding in kindled rat hippocampus shows different changes in CA1 area and fascia dentata.

We studied the binding of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate to the GABAA receptor-mediated chloride channel in the CA1 area and fascia dentata of control and Schaffer collateral kindled rats, by means of semi-quantitative autoradiography. The [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding was determined at three stages during kindling acquisition: (i) after six afterdischarges, (ii) after 14 afterdischarges and (iii) after the induction of fully kindled seizures. Furthermore, the binding was studied at the long-term stage, 28 days after the last generalized tonic-clonic seizure [Racine R. J. (1972) Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 32, 281-294]. The binding was investigated at three [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate concentrations, 4, 47.5 (KD value) and 180 nM (Bmax value). A significant decrease in [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding in the CA1 area (-6 to -20%) and hilar formation (-17 to -37%), in one or more of the three [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate concentrations tested at the six and 14 afterdischarges and fully kindled stages was observed, but no significant changes at the long-term kindling stage were found. In contrast, the granular and molecular layers of the fascia dentata presented a significant increase in [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding (+15 to +38%) at the 14 afterdischarges, fully kindled and long-term kindled stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The extra-long artery-pedicled back fascia skin flap for treatment of cervical contractive scar.

Severe cervical scar contractive after burn is best repaired with a flap for the neck maximal function restoration. The trapezius myocutaneous flap is a common one to be used for this purpose. However, the traditional technique is usually not appreciated to transfer the flap to the opposite side of the neck in one stage. The delayed procedures are usually needed. In this paper, an extra-long back fascia flap pedicled with descending branch of transverse cervical artery was developed to restore the whole cervical contractive scar after burn in only one operation. With our experience of 25 patients, the flap was usually formed as large as 10-14 cm wide (18-20 cm in expanded cases) and 35-45 cm long, as twice long as that formed by the traditional technique, and easily reaching the opposite side of the neck. Finally, the flaps were successfully transferred to repair the full neck in only one-stage procedure after the cervical scars were excised, except for two cases with partial necrosis in the flap tip. But the wounds were closed with further advancing the flap in secondary operation. In the end all of the patients were completely repaired. The result indicates that the extra-long back fascia flap pedicled with descending branch of transverse cervical artery could be formed long enough to reach the opposite side of the neck and safely transferred to neck in one stage.

Accidents, Occupational↗