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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The use of simple image analysers in lung morphometry.

We have used several commercially available image analysers to measure the inter-alveolar wall distance on histologic sections of animal and human lungs. Inter- and intra-observer variations using these machines are small, and very similar results are obtained using different machines. The recorded result depends on the magnification used since higher resolution produces more intercepts. The plane in which the measurement is made affects the result, representing the difference in shrinkage from fixed tissue to stained slides in the horizontal and vertical planes. Machine-measured inter-alveolar wall distances are smaller than those measured by humans because of the spurious intercepts made by the image analysers. However, the measurements are highly correlated and human-measured inter-alveolar wall distances can be closely predicted from the machine-measured ones. The number of alveoli per unit volume is less well predicted from the average inter-alveolar wall distance. Image analysers may possibly play a useful role in making similar simple measurements in other organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Interaction between electronic article surveillance systems and implantable defibrillators: insights from a fourth generation ICD.

We present a case report of an inappropriate discharge from a fourth generation implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) as a result of exposure to electromagnetic interference. A 60-year-old man implanted with a Medtronic 7219D defibrillator experienced shocks without preceding symptoms while walking through an electronic surveillance system in a store. Though this has been reported, the mechanism of the interaction remains unexplained. The electrogram storage capabilities of this particular device enabled us to establish that this resulted from inappropriate sensing of the electromagnetic interference.

Defibrillators, Implantable↗
PubMed2004

Saramago's All the Names and the epidemiological dream.

Language is crucial for all established scientific disciplines in contemporary society, particularly epidemiology. Portuguese writer Saramago wrote All the Names, a book about the Conservatória, a gigantic registry that stores the whole life of an entire population. A parallel is made with the first social observatories that used entire populations for systematic observation, permitting the development of epidemiological methodology. Such "epidemiological dream" almost became true in virtual form with the introduction of electronic data processing. The central thesis of this paper is that Saramago's Conservatória allegory might be interpreted as akin to the virtual world construed by epidemiological science. Specifically, it is about abstract realities (or theoretical environments) that by definition are necessary for the process of scientific inquiry, particularly when oriented by knowledge production through observational strategies. Reading Saramago, the epidemiological virtualscape may be envisaged, more imaginary than it is usual to imagine and more real than it is usual to realise.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed1994

Morphometric analysis of pulmonary intracapillary leukocyte pools in ex vivo-perfused rabbit lungs.

Characterization and quantification of lung intracapillary leukocytes is of interest for a better understanding of immunological and inflammatory features in this organ. We developed a technique of computer-assisted measurement of digitalized electron-microscopic images and electronic data processing for morphometry of intracapillary leukocyte pools in rabbit lungs (L. Ermert, W. Seeger, and H.-R. Duncker, Cell Tissue Res. 271: 469-476, 1993). Measurements were undertaken in buffer-perfused isolated lungs (avoiding any reentry of washed-out cells); perfusion fixation was performed 7.5, 35, and 185 min after onset of artificial circulation (n = 5 each). Data were compared with that of nonperfused lungs fixed by tracheal instillation (baseline). Total lung capillary neutrophil counts were 1.41 x 10(9), 1.35 x 10(9), 1.37 x 10(9), and 0.69 x 10(9) (baseline, 7.5, 35, and 185 min perfusion, respectively). Corresponding data for intracapillary lymphocytes were 1.07 x 10(9), 0.84 x 10(9), 0.81 x 10(9), and 0.57 x 10(9); and for microvascular monocytes, data were 0.21 x 10(9), 0.19 x 10(9), 0.18 x 10(9), and 0.08 x 10(9). Ratios of cell volume and surface variables of the different intracapillary leukocyte types did not change during ex vivo lung perfusion. We conclude that the rabbit pulmonary capillary bed harbors large pools of different leukocytes, which surpass pool sizes of corresponding circulating cells and display very slow washout kinetics under conditions of lung-buffer perfusion. A major impact of these intracapillary leukocyte pools on immunological and inflammatory events in isolated-perfused and transplanted lungs must be assumed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Apparatus for ultrasound tissue characterization of excised specimens.

Apparatus is described for measurement of sound speed and ultrasound attenuation coefficients by the substitution technique in the frequency range 3 to 8 MHz. Phase-cancellation artifacts leading to overestimation of attenuation coefficients are avoided by use of an acoustoelectric transducer. Specimens confined by polystyrene windows can be interrogated by focused ultrasound beams at selected locations spaced on a grid of 3 x 3 mm voxels. Pulse time of flight is measured with an accuracy of 30 ns, yielding sound speeds accurate to +/- 6.7 m/s, for samples 10 mm thick. Uncertainties in measured insertion losses range from 0.1 dB in low-loss (10 dB) specimens to 0.5 dB in high-loss (25 dB) specimens.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Markers in cutaneous lupus erythematosus indicating systemic involvement. A multicenter study on 296 patients.

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disorder, involving the skin and/or other internal organs. As cutaneous variants, chronic discoid LE (CDLE) and subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE) usually have a better prognosis, however, involvement of internal organs with transition into systemic disease may occur. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of some clinical and laboratory criteria that could serve as markers for early recognition of systemic involvement in cutaneous LE. Three hundred and seventy-nine patients with LE, seen in five cooperating Departments of Dermatology during the years 1989-1994, were documented by electronic data processing according to a common protocol. Two hundred and forty-five of these patients had cutaneous LE (CDLE or SCLE), and 51 had systemic LE (SLE) and were included in this study. Forty-nine patients with either CDLE/SCLE or SLE were not evaluated because of incomplete documentation; also, 34 patients suffered from other LE subsets and were likewise excluded from the evaluation. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to assess the value of seven selected variables for distinguishing between the CDLE/SCLE and SLE groups: ESR, titers of antinuclear antibodies, anti-dsDNA-antibodies, photosensitivity, presence of arthralgias, recurrent headaches and signs of nephropathy. Univariate and multivariate analysis of the obtained data showed that signs of nephropathy (proteinuria, hematuria) was the variable with the highest statistical relevance for distinguishing between patients with cutaneous (CDLE/SCLE) and with systemic LE (SLE) in all statistical models tested, followed by the presence of arthralgias and of high ANA titers (> or =1:320). In contrast, low ANA titers as well as anti-dsDNA antibodies showed little or no statistical relevance as a criterion for distinction. It seems, therefore, that cutaneous LE patients showing signs of nephropathy, presence of arthralgias and elevated ANA titers (> or =1:320) should be carefully monitored, because they may be at risk of developing systemic LE involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Psychiatry and EDP. First experience with specialty-specific additional documentation-psychiatry with computer epicrisis].

A supplementary documentation on psychiatry, of which the purpose is to systematically collect certain predetermined patient data, was prepared as part of the electronic data processing project "Basic processes of patient-related information processing" which has been mapped out by workers at the Dresden Medical Academy. A psychiatric "computer-based epicrisis" has been formulated and introduced into daily psychiatric practice. A brief description of documents serving as vouchers is followed by a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of such a method as well as the basic possibilities of development.

Computers↗
PubMed1999

[Steps towards a hospital information system: illustrated by the example of the medical setting of the Westphalian Wilhelms University of Münster].

Implementing hospital information systems for an efficient application of electronic data processing requires the integration of previously introduced departmental systems, which traditionally have been designed only from the viewpoint of an isolated hospital department. Those efforts have to be accompanied by a parallel implementation of a hospital-wide network and the introduction of PC workstations on clinical wards and in outpatient clinics. In this paper currently ongoing efforts at the University Hospital of Münster are presented in order to illustrate how such integration efforts can improve communication and information retrieval in all clinical areas of a hospital.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is the grass greener? Physician billing under Canadian Medicare.

With the US healthcare system currently in a transitional state, medical group administrators here are becoming more curious about the way that the healthcare systems of other countries work. The experience of the Haig Clinic, a medium-sized multi-specialty family practice, is offered as a representative example of the Canadian Medicare system in the province of Alberta. Nearly one-half of all claims are now received by Alberta Medicare in EDP magnetic tape form, and total turnaround time is approximately two weeks for "clean" claims. Thanks to the dedicated efforts of man Alberta health professionals, it is an efficient system of billing, merging the world of Medicare with the world of electronic data processing.

Alberta↗
PubMed1984

New instrumentation in urinalysis.

Automated instrumentation and electronic data processing now assist in performing and standardizing urinalyses. These innovations include specific gravity instruments and reagent "strip readers," and one system designed to automate the physical, chemical, and microscopic urinalysis. In this article, the author reviews the features of some examples of these new instruments.

Autoanalysis↗