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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Postjunctional adrenergic receptors in the rabbit eye: effects on uveal flow and intraocular pressure in isolated arterially perfused eyes.

In uveal vessels of isolated arterially perfused rabbit eyes there is direct evidence for the presence of post-junctional alpha 1-receptors and indirect evidence for alpha 2-receptors. Since vasoconstriction by epinephrine could not be blocked by an alpha 1-antagonist, only 30% by an alpha 2-antagonist and almost fully by the combination or by phentolamine, we suggest the presence of an intermediate alpha-type receptor which is neither alpha 1 nor alpha 2 but has characteristics of either. All alpha-types produce vasoconstriction and a fall in IOP. Of the beta-types only beta 1-receptors can be demonstrated. They mediate vasodilatation and a rise in IOP. Neither beta 2- nor non-selective beta-agonists or -antagonists (e.g. timolol) affect IOP or uveal flow.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed2003

Non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis at a tertiary eye care center in south India: Implications for eye care programs in the region.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our research was to determine diagnosis and outcomes for non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis in south India. MATERIAL/METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical and microbiology records of culture-positive Acanthamoeba cases presenting between 1987 and 2001 to a tertiary eye care center in south India. RESULTS: One hundred and three culture-positive cases of Acanthamoeba were identified during chart review. The majority of these cases (70.9%) were already on treatment for keratitis with antibiotics, antifungal and antiviral regimes prior to our examination; 45.2% were on different combinations of regimes. Cysts could be identified using 10% KOH mount in 83.5% of these cases. Clinical resolution with medical therapy was achieved for 83.5% of the cases; the median duration of treatment was 90.5 days. Outcomes - either clinical or visual - did not differ between CONCLUSIONS: Acanthamoeba keratitis cases presenting to this tertiary care center were non-contact lens wearers, and already on empirical treatment for either bacterial or fungal keratitis. A basic lab facility including only microscopy and smear examinations may aid etiological diagnosis of corneal ulcers, and reduce the current practice of using combinations of treatment regimes on an empirical basis.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed2006

A clinicopathological analysis of the efficacy of lodoxamide 0.1% eye drops on the conjunctiva of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis seen at Guinness Eye Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the efficacy of Lodoxamide 0.1 in the reduction of Clinicopathological signs of the conjunctiva in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, non-comparative, Convenient Interventional Case Series. PARTICIPANTS: One Hundred consecutive patients; 57 males and 43 females within age range 2-55 years diagnosed with active and untreated Vernal conjunctivitis were enrolled. Approval was obtained from Ethical committee of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi- Araba, Lagos. METHODS: Patients were given a bottle of Lodoxamide 0.1 each to instill four times daily into both eyes. Pre-treatment Clinical photographs and conjunctival biopsies were taken in 15 volunteered patients. Ocular signs and symptoms were evaluated on day 1 (baseline), days 2-3 (Interim) and then weekly for 6 weeks (final). Post treatment Clinical photographs and conjunctival biopsies were done at the 6th week. The conjunctival tissues were fixed for 24 hours in 10 Neutral buffered formalin prior to paraffin wax embedding and routinely stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stains. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Primary outcome was based on the reduction of inflammatory cells especially the eosinophils on histological micrographs. Secondary efficacy was based on the rate and extent of reduction of the severity scores of the clinical signs and symptoms. RESULTS: Lodoxamide 0.1 ophthalmic solution significantly reduced the density of the inflammatory cells especially eosinophils in the post treatment conjunctival biopsy cytology specimen. The mean physician severity scores for signs and symptoms consistently reduced from 72 hours of commencement of Lodoxamide with remarkable improvement in a week and complete resolution of all parameters at the end of 5th week. CONCLUSION: Lodoxamide 0.1 ophthalmic solution is highly effective in alleviating the clinical signs and symptoms of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis and its antiallergic activity is exerted by inhibiting migration of inflammatory cells mainly eosinophlis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Preventive treatment using laser of age-related macular degeneration of the contralateral eye after age-related macular degeneration of the first eye].

Since 1982, and with informed patient consent, we have photocoagulated confluent drusen and limited serous pigment epithelium detachment (SPED) in the fellow eye of ten patients suffering from advanced, disciform type, age-related macula degeneration (ARMD). This treatment was only carried out on appearance of metamorphopsia. Photocoagulation was performed with either the green ray of the argon laser, or the yellow ray of a dye laser. Spots of about 200 microns were placed in a grid-like fashion among the drusen. No complications were observed due to the treatment. The follow-up period on these ten patients, eight women and two men, mean age 77 years, was two to eight years, and the three patients have died. The drusen disappeared completely in three patients and partially in one. The functional results seemed favorable in three cases. In one case of confluent drusen associated with SPED and serous retinal detachment, vision improved remarkably from 0.3 to 0.5 with a Parinaud 2, with a follow-up of five years. In another case, the improvement was from 0.4 to 0.7 but the patient died after only a few months. In another case, vision has been stable for five years. The vision of the seven remaining patients deteriorated; three cases showed central areolar sclerosis, and one case a localised new vessel with vision less than 0.1. In three cases vision dropped to 0.2 and Parinaud 6, but they have been stable for at least four years (eight years for one patient).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Drugs affecting the cholinergic system in the intact mammalian eye. I. Evaluation of the miotic activity of acetylcholine-like drugs in the mouse eye.

The effect of concentration and pH on the miotic activity of five acetylcholine-like drugs were studied in the intact mouse eye. The data suggests that it is mainly the nonionized form of the drug which contributes to its miotic activity. Acetylcholine-like drugs, degradable by cholinesterases, exert their miotic activity at higher concentrations than do those which are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. More active acetylcholine-like drugs appear to be less sensitive to concentration changes.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

Reversibility bull's-eye: a new polar bull's-eye map to quantify reversibility of stress-induced SPECT thallium-201 myocardial perfusion defects.

Myocardial ischemia is currently interpreted from SPECT thallium-201 (201Tl) tomograms by the subjective visual finding of stress-induced perfusion defects which "normalize" or "reverse" by 4 hr. Thus, we have developed a computer method to quantify and display the three-dimensional distribution of reversible segments. Circumferential profiles generated from the short axis slices are normalized to the reference area in the stress study. The stress is subtracted from the normalized delayed data, and then displayed as a polar bull's-eye plot so that positive values show areas that have "reversed" or "improved." Patient profiles are compared to means and standard deviations of reversibility for all pixels determined from the Emory normal male files. Criteria for reversibility were developed from studies of 42 male patients found to have 48 defects, as determined by the consensus of five blinded expert observers. There was computer agreement with the experts on 25 of 31 relatively fixed and 14 of 17 reversible defects. Our preliminary results indicate that this new method promises to aid observers to more consistently identify and quantify the reversibility of SPECT 201Tl myocardial perfusion defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Failed PC-IOL implantation in one eye and successful AC-IOL implantation in the other eye in a patient with pre-existing bilateral uveitis.

An irregular proteinaceous film populated by sessile macrophages and large giant cells was found on the surface of a posterior chamber lens implant. This had to be removed from a position with its haptics in the capsular bag 8 months after surgery because of increased uveitis. The implant had been placed at the time of extracapsular cataract extraction in a patient with pre-existing active bilateral chronic iridocyclitis of a non-granulomatous type. An anterior chamber lens implant placed after intracapsular cataract extraction in the other eye of the same patient was tolerated, and the same type of implant was used to replace the removed posterior chamber lens implant.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[The clinical observation of China-made ofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of bacterial infection of the external eye].

Ninety patients with extraocular infection were observed. After bacteriological examination on all of the patients, we found that staphylococcus epidermidis was the main pathogen and accounted for 43.3%. Next to it were staphylococcus aureus (31.1%), saprophytic staphylococcus was (5.6%), diplococcus catarrhus (3.3%) and moraxella sp. (2.2%). All the patients were treated with Ofloxacin eye drops produced in Guangzhou. The bacteriological examination showed negative in 98.9% of the patients, which proved this medicine has high antibiotic power.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The influence on the speed of epithelialisation of rabbit's eyes of IDU- and tromantadine-containing eye ointments (author's transl)].

The viro-static drugs IDU and tromantadin were tested in view of their influence on epithelial regeneration. IDU slows down the speed of epithelisation only slightly, and produces no irreversible damage in the corneal stroma, Descemet's membrane and endothelium of the rabbit eye. Tromantadin, however, slows down the speed of epithelisation quite a lot, even if the dosis is relatively small. We also found substantial changes in corneal stroma and Descemet's membrane, which have been partly recognized histologically as fibrous tissue. Application of these medicaments is recommended only if the relation between side effects and viro-static potency has been carefully rated.

Amantadine↗