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PubMed1980

Provisional restorations for traumatically injured teeth requiring endodontic treatment.

The acid-etch-composite resin technique is used to retain a provisional restoration during the course of endodontic treatment. As described, the use of a gutta percha cone during the buildup and bonding to adjacent teeth provides the following: (1) good esthetics during endodontic treatment, (2) good support for rubber dam placement, (3) good entry to the canal, (4) good coronal seal for medication within the canal, and (5) good function as required by the provisional crown.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1987

Reconstructive materials for endodontically treated teeth.

A review of the literature on restoration of endodontically treated teeth was presented. The advantages and disadvantages of current methods and materials were described, and a detailed technique was suggested for the newer glass-ionomer restorative materials. An all-purpose material suited for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth is still unavailable. Each patient requires individual consideration. However, Ketac Silver material may be an excellent choice in select patients.

Cermet Cements↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of three restorative techniques for endodontically treated anterior teeth.

An in vitro study of 45 teeth compared the failure loads of endodontically treated teeth restored with pin and amalgams, Para-Post dowel and composite, and glass ionomer/amalgam alloy coronal-radicular buildups. The following conclusions were made. The Para-Post and composite buildups exhibited the highest mean failure load, 35.3 kg. The mean failure load for pin and amalgam buildups was 27.9 kg. Glass ionomer/amalgam alloy coronal-radicular buildups exhibited the lowest mean failure load, 14.1 kg. Restoration of endodontically treated anterior teeth with glass ionomer/amalgam alloy coronal-radicular buildups is contraindicated.

Crowns↗
PubMed1990

Stress distribution surrounding endodontic posts.

This study compared the stress distribution during insertion and function of three prefabricated endodontic posts with different designs using the criteria of post length and diameter. Test blocks of photoelastic material were prepared with simulated endodontic canals. Three posts for each design, diameter, and depth were cemented. Each specimen was examined and photographed without load, with 135 Newton (N) compressive force, and with 90 N and/or 135 N oblique force applied at 26 degrees by use of a circular polariscope. Para-Post and Para-Post Plus posts produced similar, evenly distributed patterns of stress using the criteria of diameter, depth, and load. Flexi-Post posts produced asymmetric stress patterns with concentration of stress at each thread. During compressive loading and after cementation alone, Flexi-Post posts displayed significantly higher shoulder stresses and substantially greater stresses along the coronal surface of the post's length than Para-Post and Para-Post Plus posts. Apical stresses were similar for Flexi-Post, Para-Post, and Para-Post Plus posts during compressive loading.

Dental Stress Analysis↗
PubMed1992

The dentin-root complex: anatomic and biologic considerations in restoring endodontically treated teeth.

The restoration of endodontically treated teeth has been the focus of considerable controversy and empiricism. Time-tested methods have been highly successful in some respects, but failures are still apparent. The inherent causes of failure are rarely evaluated and the limitations of specific restorative systems are seldom identified. Regardless of the system, there should be a thorough understanding of the anatomy and biology of the dentin and root supporting the restoration on the part of the practitioner, because both endodontic and restorative procedures alter the hard tissues.

Biology↗
PubMed1992

Root fracture in endodontically treated teeth related to post selection and crown design.

Standardized plastic analogues simulating an endodontically treated maxillary central incisor root were used to investigate the resistance to root fracture in endodontically treated teeth. Three different post and core systems were used: (1) cast post and core, (2) Para-Post Plus post, and (3) Flexi-Post post. The core build-up material selected in this study was Ketac Silver material, after which a crown preparation was made on each analogue. Two types of preparations were used: a wide chamfer margin (butt-joint) and a wide chamfer margin with a 1.0 mm circumferential bevel. An overcasting was fabricated and was permanently cemented on each preparation. Assemblies were subjected to an increasing lingual oblique force until fracture occurred. Results were tabulated using the analysis of variance (F test) and Student's t test. Beveled preparations with a concomitant final restoration provided a significant increased resistance to root fracture. Furthermore, vertical fracture occurred twice as often with nonbeveled preparations.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Effect of post design on resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth with complete crowns.

The effect of post design on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored with cast crowns was examined in vitro. The experimental model used cast posts and cores to test the effect of post design in a post-core system with identical rigidity. Samples loaded on an Instron testing machine until failure revealed that post design did not influence the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored with complete cast crowns. There was also no statistically significant difference between restored teeth with or without cast posts and cores.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of tissue response between a synthetic gutta-percha and a natural gutta-percha endodontic filler.

Biologic acceptance is one of several criteria that must be met by an endodontic filling material. The purpose fo this experiment was to compare a new filling material consisting of a synthetic gutta-percha with a standard material consisting of natural gutta-percha. Each sample, being an endodontic point, contained a quantity of fillers. The materials were implanted subcutaneously in male white rats. The histologic appearance was essentially identical for both materials.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Klebsiella pneumoniae in endodontic therapy. Report of a case.

A 48-year-old man underwent endodontic treatment of the lower left central incisor. In the course of treatment two acute exacerbations occurred. Penicillin therapy was initiated at the time of the first exacerbation. It was ineffective, and a culture of the purulent exudate was taken at the time of the second acute response. The causative organism was Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was found to be sensitive to tetracyclines. After tetracycline therapy, endodontic therapy was completed. Healing has been uneventful.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1976

A statistical analysis of anaerobic versus aerobic culturing in endodontic therapy.

Asymptomatic teeth were cultured at four specific stages of endodontic therapy, yielding 148 paired samples. Half of the samples were incubated anaerobically with the use of a new medium, and half were incubated aerobically with the use of a commonly employed endodontic medium. The former proved to be significantly more sensitive in supporting microbial growth from root canals. The results indicate that an aerobic culturing technique alone is not sufficient to reflect the microbiologic status of the canal system.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1976

A histopathologic, histobacteriologic, and radiographic study of periapical endodontic surgical specimens.

Data available on 230 periapical endodontic surgical specimens were studied. It was found that bacteria occurred in the periapical tissue very infrequently. In addition, there was no correlation between the presence of acute inflammatory cells and the presence or absence of pain. Granulomas with epithelium occurred in 61 out of 230 cases, while 14 of these were cysts. Of the 110 cases with radiographic follow-up data, 67 were classified as successful, 40 were uncertain, and 3 were unsuccessful according to a modification of Strindberg's criteria, whereas 107 would have been successes according to the criteria of Bender and Seltzer and their associates. No valid biologic or clinical basis for endodontic therapy as suggested by Bhaskar was found in this material.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Endodontics and the irradiated patient.

With increasingly larger numbers of irradiated patients in our population, it seems likely that all denists will eventually be called upon to manage the difficult problems that these patients present. Of otmost concern should be the patient's home care program and the avoidance of osteroradionecrosis. Endodontics and periodontics are the primary areas for preventing or eliminating the infection that threatens osteoradionecrosis. Endodontic treatment must be accomplished with the utmost care and maximum regard for the fragility of the periapical tissues. Pulpally involved teeth should never be left open in an irradiated patient, and extreme care must be taken with the between-visits seal. If one is called upon for preradiation evaluation, routine removal of all molar as well as other compromised teeth should be considered. Attention should be directed to the literature for further advances in the management of irradiated patients.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1976

Use of meditative state for hypnotic induction in the practice of endodontics.

Thirty-five patients who were referred for endodontic therapy were used in a study involving the use of a meditative state for hypnotic induction. Induction was by the use of relaxation, and the silent repetition of a simple word while the patient's eyes were closed. Deepening of hypnosis was by suggestion of whole-body numbness or "glove" anesthesia, orally directed. Supplemental local anesthesia was used in some cases. The method proved to be rapid, easily learned, and well accepted. It was effective for varying degrees of analgesia as well as sedation, anti-anxiety, saliva control, and bleeding control. It also improved the patient's image of dentistry in general and endodontics specifically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Endodontic therapy averting major surgery and avoiding keloid formation.

Keloids and mandibular unfavorable fractures are reviewed. A case report of a patient with keloid diathesis, who had a mandibular unfavorable fracture, is presented. A grossly carious, abscessed first molar was in the line of fracture. This tooth was the only erupted tooth present in the proximal fragment. Endodontic therapy and restoration of normal contour enabled the surgeons to treat the fractured mandible by means of simple closed reduction. The endodontic treatment pre-empted a major surgical procedure under general anesthesia and also averted a skin incision which would have subsequently formed a disfiguring keloid.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

New chemotherapeutic agent for root canal treatment. A preliminary electron microscopic study on an in vivo and in vitro endodontically treated tooth.

A preliminary in vivo and in vitro electron microscopic study of root canals treated endodontically with EDTA-C and Salvizol proved the latter to be superior as a chemomechanical and irrigation solution, especially in the apical third of the roots. A further virtue of Salvizol, as has been demonstrated, is its capability to dissolve the organic matrix of dentin, thus exposing the mineralizing front and the patent tubules even in the apical third of the canal. The combined properties of Salvizol which introduce it as a chemotherapeutic agent for endodontics are: (1) broad spectrum of bactericidal activity, (2) ability to dissolve calcium, (3) neutral pH, (4) cleansing potency, and (5) biologic compatibility.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1979

An analysis of the sensitivity of non-rereduced PRS medium in endodontic therapy.

A total of 244 paired samples were obtained from sixty-one root canal systems at four specific stages of endodontic treatment. Half the samples were placed in a commonly used endodontic medium and incubated aerobically. The remaining samples were placed in PRS medium and incubated in an anaerobic environment. The rereduction procedure, used to remove oxygen entering the PRS medium at the time of insertion of the sample, was not employed. A statistical analysis of the results indicates that the non-rereduced PRS medium is not as sensitive as rereduced PRS and offers no significant advantages over trypticase soy broth with 0.1 percent agar.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Endodontic perforations which resulted in alveolar bone loss. Report of five cases.

Five cases in which perforations of mandibular molars into the furca occurred during endodontic instrumentation of the canal are presented. This resulted in alveolar bone loss. All were relatively asymptomatic, which could present a problem in diagnosis of the periodontal defect. The prognosis is questionable. The only tooth retained was treated surgically by an apically positioned flap and opening of the furca area to make it accessible to cleansing. The best treatment is the avoidance of the perforation. This is accomplished by considering the configuration of the canals and the size of the reamer than can follow it. Overinstrumentation with an endodontic instrument that is too large in diameter should be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Control of pain resulting from endodontic therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

The efficacy of mefenamic acid, aspirin, and a placebo for control of postendodontic pain was compared in a double-blind, randomized study of 150 patients. Medication was begun immediately prior to the endodontic therapy and continued for a total of eight doses. The results were analyzed in terms of the patients' assessments of postendodontic pain, the need for additional analgesic medication, and the patients' and investigator's evaluations of drug efficacy. The results indicate that mefenamic acid was well tolerated. Mefenamic acid was equal to, or exceeded, aspirin in ability to control postendodontic pain in every comparison made. The converse was never true. Mefenamic acid was statistically superior to placebo in every comparison made. Aspirin was not consistently superior to the placebo. Under the conditions of this trial, it can be stated that, for control of pain following simple endodontic therapy, mefenamic acid rather than aspirin is the drug of choice.

Adolescent↗