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Results for “Dissociative Disorders”

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

An experimental model for the endometriosis in athymic mice.

Endometriosis is an adhesion disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in ectopic sites outside the uterus. The disease is associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain and infertility. Although endometriosis is the most common gynecologic disorder, relatively little is known regarding its etiology, pathogenesis and the course of the disease. This situation is primarily due to the absence of experimental systems to examine the mechanism of endometrial cell adhesion, role of inflammatory cells and the interactions of epithelial, and stromal cells with the peritoneum and ovarian tissue leading to the development of this disorder. Dissociated human endometrial cells were suspended in peritoneal fluids of individuals with and without endometriosis and were injected into the peritoneal cavity of athymic mice. This led to development of ectopic adhesions of endometrial cells at the peritoneal and ovarian surfaces. Endometrial cells which were marked with fluorescent lipophylic dyes, prior to intraperitoneal injection, could be visualized without surgery at such sites. The studies demonstrate a model for endometriosis in athymic mice.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Janet and Freud: revealing the roots of dynamic psychiatry.

OBJECTIVES: Interest in the work of Pierre Janet is presently undergoing a scholarly revival and, in the process, his contribution to dynamic psychiatry is increasingly being recognised. This article compares and contrasts Pierre Janet's early studies on hysteria and the neuroses with those of Freud. METHOD: The study surveys original works by Janet and Freud and contemporary scholarly exegeses. It particularly focuses on ideation and memory, consciousness and dissociation, psychological trauma, the self, therapeutic influence, and treatment by integration versus abreaction. RESULTS: Grounds are presented for either preferring Janet's notions to Freud's or for integrating them. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that a number of Janet's contributions to psychopathology and psychotherapy, particularly in the field of dissociative disorders, deserve further exploration and application.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed1994

High rates of alcohol problems and history of physical and sexual abuse among women inpatients.

A total of 88 consecutive new women patients were surveyed on an adult psychiatric inpatient unit which did not have a specific program for the treatment of alcoholics. Those with a self-reported history of physical and/or sexual abuse had significantly higher scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) than those with no such history. Former drinkers and teetotalers were more likely to have been both physically and sexually abused than the others. Thirty-three patients (38%) reported a history of alcohol problems measured by scores of seven or more on the MAST, but only 20 had a diagnosis of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence made by a psychiatrist.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence and correlates of depersonalization following head trauma.

Using the criteria of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D), we assessed the incidence of feelings of unreality among a sample of 70 persons who had sustained head injuries. Among those whose head trauma could be classified as mild, more than 60% complained of a depersonalization syndrome. Among those with a significant period of unconsciousness, only 11% had similar complaints. There was a high comorbidity with post-traumatic stress disorder and vertigo. Feelings of unreality were not associated with cognitive impairment or elevated personality test scores, nor were there significant relationships with gender or involvement in litigation. A conservative estimate of incidence of depersonalization among persons with minor head trauma is 13%, while, at the upper end, as many as 67% of persons who sustain mild head injury may experience feelings of unreality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Neuropsychiatric dysfunction in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Neuropsychiatric complications developed in 40 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, none of whom met American Rheumatologic Association criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty-five patients had psychiatric abnormalities, the commonest of which were affective disturbances. Of 30 patients tested, 23 had an abnormal pattern in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the commonest pattern being a "conversion V." In general, patients presented with hysteroid dysphoric features. Of 16 patients undergoing cognitive function testing, 7 showed mild memory impairment with attention and concentration deficits. On clinical evaluation, 27 patients had neurologic abnormalities unattributable to other causes (central and peripheral nervous system in 16 and 19 patients respectively). There was a significant correlation between psychiatric disturbances and neurologic dysfunction, suggesting a possible organic basis for psychiatric dysfunction. The diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome should be considered in patients with unexplained neuropsychiatric illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Conversion disorder: difficulties in diagnosis using DSM-IV/ICD-10.

OBJECTIVE: Conversion disorder presents differently in various cultures. The commonest symptoms in the Asian subcontinent may be very different from those seen in Western Hemisphere. This causes some difficulty in making a diagnosis while using DSM-IV and ICD-10. METHOD: This study searched inpatient records for the last 10 years at the Aga Khan University and collected some demographic data as well as assessed the phenomenology of conversion disorder in the patient population. RESULTS: We found unresponsiveness to be the most common symptom in this sample thus not exactly fitting the DSM-IV/ICD-10 picture. CONCLUSION: We observed that current criteria of conversion disorder as stated in two major classification systems are not totally relevant to the clinical practice in Pakistan and other parts of subcontinent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Dissociative amnesia after general anesthesia--a case report.

Psychogenic unconsciousness is a rare cause of failure of prompt recovery from general anesthesia. The diagnosis is only made by exclusion of other conditions. We describe a young, healthy female who failed to wake up promptly after total intravenous anesthesia with alfentanil and propofol. She regained consciousness 24 hours later without any specific treatment. However she sustained amnesia for a period of 48 hours. Dissociative disorder was diagnosed after an extensive workup. This case report emphasizes the importance of inclusion of psychiatric disorder in the differential diagnosis should unexplainable delayed emergence from general anesthesia occur.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Nonepileptic seizures of psychogenic origin in children: analysis and characteristics of risk factors, clinical symptoms and significance of diagnostic investigation].

Nonepileptic seizures of psychogenic origin (NESP) belong currently to dissociation disorders. Their causes and precise outline of diagnostics, therapy and prophylaxis procedures remains still difficult. The authors investigated the group that consisted of 25 patients with the above described type of seizures. Prospective examinations were conducted. In each patient detailed analysis of risk factors and clinical semiology before and after hospital admission was performed. Moreover brain MRI, psychological and psychiatric examinations were made. Among patients with NESP, girls prevailed (88%). Most important stressogenic factor was trouble with peer relationships. Clinical manifestation was diverse, mostly the attacks were similar to epileptic, simple, partial seizures. The final diagnosis depended on results of video examinations (lack of clinical-bioelectrical correlation or lack of bioelectrical activity disturbances before or after attack) and results of psychological and psychiatric consultation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The psychodynamic perspective: a conversation with Glen O. Gabbard, MD. Interview by Norine J Kerr.

After providing a broad overview of Dr. Gabbard's recent book, Psychodynamic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, the editor talks with him about a variety of topics, including hospital treatment of clients with dissociative disorders, sexual abuse, borderline and narcissistic clients, and the current status of relationships between psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurses.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Contemporary issues in the psychotherapy of women.

According to current research findings, women are more likely than men to suffer from depression, eating disorders, and multiple personality disorder. The authors review recent advances in the understanding of female psychology, family systems theory, and psychoanalytic theory to show how women's unique developmental challenges and complex social conditions interact to determine the form and expression of these disorders. After discussing contributing factors, the authors suggest appropriate approaches to diagnosis and treatment. They conclude that therapists of both genders must appreciate the complex causes of these disorders to be most helpful to their female patients.

Depressive Disorder↗