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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2007

Intravesical Cu-T emigration: an atypical and infrequent cause of vesical calculus.

Transuterine transvesical emigration of an intrauterine contraceptive device is a rare and uncommonly described complication of an intrauterine device. We report and describe the clinical outcome and management of one such case of intravesical intrauterine device that had become calcified leading to the erroneous diagnosis of a vesical calculus. The diagnosis was confirmed after cystoscopic visualization, lithoclasty and extraction of the calcified plaque consisting of the Cu-T. A migrated IUD is a rare and infrequent cause for the formation of secondary vesical calculi. The treating surgeon should be aware of the possibility of such episodic cases of vesical calculi occurring in the women presenting with recurrent unexplained urinary sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Management of vesicoureteral reflux in children.

Although much has been learned about the diagnosis and management of vesicoureteral reflux, several important areas of investigation remain. Because not all children with reflux are equally susceptible to renal scarring and the development of reflux nephropathy, controversy surrounds the need to evaluate all children with urinary tract infection or to continue prophylaxis in known refluxing children after a certain age. In addition to age, other factors such as sex, grade of reflux, and the presence of voiding dysfunction can all play a role. The grade of reflux as seen on the contrast voiding cystourethrogram is the best predictor of reflux resolution in large numbers of patients, but grade alone cannot predict spontaneous cessation in any one individual. Attempts at refining more quantitative imaging modalities have so far proved unsuccessful. Open ureteral reimplantation remains the standard for surgical care if surgery is necessary. Both cystoscopic and laparoscopic techniques, however, may ultimately prove to be reliable, minimally invasive approaches to definitive correction. Finally, there are data to support continued diagnosis and treatment of reflux in at-risk populations. The incidence of reflux-related morbidity in children has significantly diminished over the last three decades. A major challenge is to better identify at-risk subpopulations of children with reflux, so that not every child will require intensive, long-term medical treatment or surgery.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Nontropical chyluria secondary to massive mesenteric adenitis. Case report with metabolic and immunologic studies.

This report describes metabolic and immunologic studies in a 17-year-old white man with nontropical chyluria secondary to massive mesenteric adenitis. Numerous red cells and mature lymphocytes were observed in the urine, and cystoscopic examination demonstrated chyle emanating from both ureteral orifices. Retrograde studies demonstrated pyelolymphatic backflow, and lymphangiography revealed prominent lymphaticocaliceal communications. Twenty-four-hour urinary studies showed proteinuria and lipiduria, which decreased after lymphangiography and a low-fat diet. Skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity were nonreactive, the lymphocyte count was decreased, and lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were normal. Chyluria ceased after interruption and ligation of the renal and mesenteric lymphatics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Colonoscopy in children.

The flexible 65 cm endoscope, while introduced for use in the diagnosis of colonic disease in adults, has proven valuable for diagnosis and treatment in children. The diameter of the American Cystoscope Company's instrument makes it ideal for children. The spectrum of colonic disease in children parallels that in adults. Although carcinoma is rare, polypoid disease, colitis, enterocolitis and lymphoid hyperplasia are sufficiently common to warrant consideration of colonoscopy. The present study, while small, suggests the usefulness of this procedure. With the use of the easily maneuvered, short instrument, a surgeon experienced in colonoscopy can reduce the need for laparotomy in many children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The history of thoracoscopic surgery.

The necessity for thoracoscopy became apparent with the adhesions that limited the success of Forlanini's introduction in 1882 of artificial pneumothorax in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The first thoracoscopy, using a modified cystoscope, was performed by H. C. Jacobaeus, a professor of medicine, not surgery, in Stockholm, publishing in 1910. Thoracoscopy and division of adhesions (intrapleural pneumonolysis) then spread all over the world, with reports of series of 1,000 or more cases in spite of a significant incidence of complications. Its use declined rapidly after the introduction of streptomycin in 1945, becoming then confined to relatively minor diagnostic procedures except in a few European centers. The advent of video-assisted thoracoscopes and the development of ancillary instruments has allowed a new explosion of thoracoscopic surgery. Surgeons, in whose hands the procedure now rests, should nevertheless be aware of the five unacceptable thoracoscopic disasters--wrong side, kebab lung, "clotted hemothorax," artificial lunchothorax, and aorto-pleuro-cutaneous fistula.

England↗
PubMed1994

A thoracoscopic peek: what did Jacobaeus see?

More than 80 years ago, Jacobaeus inserted a cystoscope into the pleural space of patients with pleural diseases to visually examine the pathology. Subsequently, he courageously inserted a galvanocautery instrument into the pleural space through a separate entry site to divide adhesions between the lung and chest wall under direct vision. This was done to establish therapeutic pneumothorax for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The discovery of effective antituberculosis chemotherapy eliminated the need for lung collapse therapy, and thoracoscopy was discarded as no longer useful. Today, the enthusiasm for thoracoscopic surgical intervention, both diagnostic and therapeutic, is a result of applied technologic innovations. Rediscovery of thoracoscopy is exciting and expands the vision for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications predicted by Jacobaeus.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1994

Retrograde ureteroplasty using balloon dilatation in children with pelviureteric obstruction.

Congenital and acquired pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJ) were treated with balloon dilatation, using a Fogarty/Gruntzig catheter introduced through the cystoscope in 11 children (12 renal units). Stents were not used, and the hospitalization period was only 1 day for uncomplicated cases. Follow-up (maximum period, 4 1/2 years) has shown better drainage and function for all. In one child, who had solitary left kidney, acute obstruction developed; the patient underwent temporary percutaneous nephrostomy. Macroscopic hematuria was noted in one case, resulting in a 3-day hospital stay. Technical problems, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed. Retrograde ureteroplasty using balloon dilatation is a simple and effective procedure for children in whom the obstructed PUJ is in lower part of the pelvis.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1975

Radon in treatment of infiltrating carcinoma of urinary bladder.

Shown here are the results from the use of radon in the treatment of 146 patients with infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder. Ninety-four per cent of the tumors had invaded the muscle of the bladder; 54 per cent were Stage B2 or worse. Ninety per cent of the radon implantations were done cystoscopically. Twenty-one per cent of the patients survived five years or longer, free of recurrence. An additional 8 per cent were cured by follow-up treatment of recurrences. Complications and morbidity are minimal. Survival results compare favorably with more dangerous and debilitating methods of treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Simplified operative nephroscopy.

Intraoperative nephroscopy is a valuable and practical adjunct to renal surgery. A simplified methodology is described using familiar cystoscopic equipment and techniques. Its particular usefulness in the definition of small radiolucent defects of the renal collecting system is illustrated.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Absence of vesicoureteral reflux after stone basket manipulation. Reflections on iatrogenic reflux.

Twenty-four patients were studied after cystoscopic basket manipulation for distal ureteral calculi. Voiding cystourethrograms or cystograms were obtained at varying intervals post-operatively to detect evidence of vesicoureteral reflux. Reflux did not develop in any of the patients. In comparison with other known causes of iatrogenic reflux, stone basket manipulation does not appear to interfere with anatomic factors which normally prevent incompetence of the ureterovesical valvular mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effects of contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices on urinary bladder.

The incidence of bacteriuria and cystoscopic changes in women on oral contraceptives or users of IUD (intrauterine devices) were evaluated compared with a control group. Subjects with bacteriuria accounted for 40.5 per cent of pill users, 20 per cent of women fitted with IUD, and 16 per cent of the control group. Bladder trabeculations were found in 50.5 per cent of the pill group, 8.7 per cent of the IUD group, and 8 per cent of the controls. Congested bladder trigone was observed in 24.6 per cent of women fitted with an IUD. The mode of action of ovarian hormones and their possible side effects on the bladder are discussed. The relation of IUD to pelvic inflammatory disease and its effect on the urinary bladder are evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to metastatic neoplasm.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis may occur secondary to metastatic neoplasm and may simulate the features of the idiopathic variety. A case of retroperitoneal fibrosis due to gastric carcinoma is presented and the historical, physical, cystoscopic, urographic, operative, and pathologic similarities to the idiopathic form discussed. Generous biopsy of retroperitoneal plaques and careful pathologic examination are stressed to avoid missing malignant disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Rheumatoid pseudotumor of urinary bladder simulating carcinoma.

A forty-nine-year-old female with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis was seen with hematuria and a urinary bladder lesion which on cystoscopic examination simulated carcinoma. Microscopic evaluation after segmental resection of the lesion revealed that it was a rheumatoid nodule. Rheumatoid nodules are known to occur in many parts of the body, but an extensive search of the literature has failed to reveal any previous report of urinary bladder involvement.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Urinary cytology and bladder biopsy in patients with bladder cancer.

Two hundred fifty patients with bladder tumor were evaluated over a three-year period. Cystoscopy, cytology, and random bladder and tumor biopsy were part of the workup. The follow-up of these patients resulted in a total of 509 cystoscopies, 772 specimens of bladder washings and urinary cytologies, and 503 tumor or selected mucosal biopsies. The value of cytologic study of bladder washings and cystoscopic urine samples as well as the importance of selected site mucosal biopsies in detecting "field changes" in the bladder epithelium associated with bladder tumors are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Urothelial neoplasia: what constitutes adequate follow-up?

The need for constant vigilance in the follow-up care of patients with transitional cell carcinoma is illustrated by the case reports of 12 patients whose tumors recurred after tumor-free periods of eleven years and longer. Emphasis is placed on monitoring, which includes pyelographic study, cytologic study, and cystoscopic examinations for as long as the patient survives.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hemosiderosis of urinary bladder.

We believe this is the first case of proved hemosiderosis of the bladder to be reported. The clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and cystoscopic appearance suggested a primary bladder neoplasm.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1979

Bladder involvement with lymphoma.

Two case reports of different ways lymphoma involves the bladder are presented, with a brief updating of diagnosis and management. Symptoms and cystoscopic and roentgenographic findings are discussed. While primary lymphoma of the bladder has been reported in a few instances, the disorder is generally considered a widespread lymphatic disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography in diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis.

Pelvic lipomatosis is a disease characterized by abnormal deposition of mature adipose tissue within the confines of the pelvis surrounding the bladder, prostate, and rectosigmoid. The presenting symptoms are vague and nonspecific, and it has typical radiologic features. Computed tomography is extremely useful in the differential diagnosis because of its ability to differentiate fatty infiltration from other conditions which can cause elevation and compression of the urinary bladder and sigmoid colon. Computed tomographic confirmation of the presence of fat surrounding the bladder and rectum eliminates the need for surgical biopsy, unless indicated for other reasons. The course of this disease is usually benign and indolent, however a close follow-up is mandatory to rule out those cases in which ureteral obstruction may develop requiring surgical relief of the obstruction. When cystitis glandularis is found in association with pelvic lipomatosis, periodic cystoscopic examinations are recommended because of the potential risk of malignant transformation.

Adult↗