Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Coombs Test”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Investigation of prolonged neonatal jaundice.

UNLABELLED: Jaundice persisting beyond 14 d of age (prolonged jaundice) can be a sign of serious underlying liver disease. Protocols for investigating prolonged jaundice vary in complexity and the yield from screening has not been assessed. In order to address these issues, we carried out a prospective study of term infants referred to our neonatal unit with prolonged jaundice over an 18 mo period. Infants were examined by a paediatrician and had the following investigations: a total and conjugated serum bilirubin, liver function tests, full blood count, packed cell volume, group and Coombs' test, thyroid function tests, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels and urine for culture. One-hundred-and-fifty-four infants were referred with prolonged jaundice out of 7,139 live births during the study period. Nine infants were referred to other paediatric specialties. One infant had a conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, giving an incidence of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia of 0.14 per 1,000 live births. Diagnoses included: giant cell hepatitis (n = 1), hepatoblastoma (n = 1), trisomy 9p (n = 1), urinary tract infections (n = 2), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (n = 3) and failure to regain birthweight (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, a large number of infants referred to hospital for prolonged jaundice screening had detectable problems. The number of investigations may safely be reduced to: a total and conjugated bilirubin, packed cell volume, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase level (where appropriate), a urine for culture and inspection of a recent stool sample for bile pigmentation. Clinical examination by a paediatrician has a vital role in the screening process.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1975

Pulmonary infections in elderly patients: treatment with cefazolin.

The effects of cefazolin were studied in 15 hospital patients (average age, 67) with respiratory-tract infections. The infections were chiefly bronchopneumonia caused by organisms such as D. pneumoniae, Staph. aureus, or E. coli. In 13 of the 15 patients the results were excellent to good (eradication of the primary pathogen and clinical improvement); in the other 2 patients the response was fair. Intramuscular injection was well tolerated and only one patient complained of pain at the site of injection; no other adverse clinical effects were observed. In the laboratory determinations, including liver and kidney function tests, the only abnormalities were 2 cases in which the Coombs' test gave positive results without hemolysis. Cefazolin seems to be a safe and effective antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory-tract infections caused by cefazolin-susceptible organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lack of detectable blood groups in domestic ferrets: implications for transfusion.

Evidence of blood groups in domestic ferrets was sought by testing serum samples for naturally acquired or experimentally induced erythrocyte antibodies. All sera were tested for ability to cause direct agglutination, antiglobulin-enhanced (Coombs test) agglutination, or lysis. Examination of 212 randomly paired combinations of ferret serum and erythrocytes produced no evidence of naturally acquired blood group antibodies. Six pairs of ferrets were reciprocally transfused twice, 34 days apart, with 6-ml quantities of anticoagulated blood. All were tested 21 days after the first transfusion, as well as 10 and 30 days after the second transfusion; erythrocyte antibodies were not detected. Four additional pairs of ferrets were reciprocally inoculated SC with a series of six 1.25-ml quantities of blood in Alsever solution, administered over a 3-week period, and tested 8 days after the last injection; again, erythrocyte antibodies could not be detected. These observations suggest that blood groups of the kind in human beings and other mammals either do not exist in domestic ferrets or represent antigen systems too weak to elicit measurable responses under the reported conditions. It appears, therefore, that transfusion in this species poses little clinical risk, even without crossmatching.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1994

[Three cases of Castleman's disease mimicking the features of collagen disease].

We report three cases of Castleman's disease mimicking the features of collagen disease. Case 1: A 39-year-old woman presented with intermittent arthralgia and fever. Laboratory findings were positive results for antinuclear antibody (80x speckled type), the LE test, anti-SSA antibody, anti-RNP antibody, and Coombs test. The patient was suspected to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sjögren syndrome, but a lymph node biopsy revealed the plasma cell type of Castleman's disease. Steroid treatment led to resolution of her symptoms. Case 2: A 60-year-old man with mixed type Castleman's disease had proteinuria with renal dysfunction, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, antinuclear antibody, anti-RNP antibody, anti-DNA antibody and anti-cardiolipin antibody. The patient was suspected to have SLE but cervical lymph node biopsy revealed the mixed type of Castleman's disease. Symptoms were not controlled with steroid therapy. He developed renal failure that required for hemodialysis and died of gastrointestinal bleeding due to severe thrombocytopenia. Case 3: A 46-year-old woman had Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactylia, and nail fold bleeding. Laboratory tests were revealed positive for antinuclear antibody, anti-ENA antibody, and LE cell preparation. Radiographic study showed multiple masses in the retroperitoneal spaces, which necessitated laparotomy. Firstly, the patient was suspected to have systemic sclerosis or mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). A biopsy revealed the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease. The serum level of IL-6 by ELISA was high in all of three cases. In case 1, symptoms improved and the IL-6 level normalized after steroid treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Drug allergy].

Drug allergies can cause a great variety of symptoms and can thus imitate various diseases, like in previous times the lues. Drug allergies can be classified into three subgroups, which differ in their pathophysiology and require different diagnostic steps: firstly, classical drug allergies which are directed to the drug itself, a reactive compound of it or some contamination of the drug; secondly, pseudoallergic reactions which are caused by nonimmune mediated degranulation of mast cells and basophils; and thirdly, autoimmune reactions in which the drug elicits an immune reaction to autologous structures. A very detailed (criminalistic) history has the highest priority for the clarification of a suspected drug-allergic reaction; in addition, skin tests, serological tests and the lymphocyte transformation test might be useful. One should differentiate between tests which imitate the drug-elicited allergic reaction (i.e. Coombs test in drug induced hemolytic anemia) and tests which solely indicate a sensitization, these tests should be interpreted accordingly.

Drug Eruptions↗
PubMed1987

High-dose intravenous IgG therapy in a seven-week-old infant with chronic autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

A 7-week-old male infant tested positive for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Serological studies revealed a positive Coombs test and a strong antibody with relative anti-E specificity. Despite corticosteroid therapy, he frequently suffered severe hemolytic crises. During the course of the disease he had pneumonia, subcutaneous abscess, and sepsis, which were thought to be caused by his immunosuppressive state. His clinical course was chronic and refractory. Recently, high-dose intravenous IgG therapy for the treatment of chronic AIHA has been reported, but it has not been successful in the management of adult AIHA. We attempted this therapy in our patient, and successful management was obtained.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1983

A double-blind study of trimazosin and methyldopa in hypertensive patients receiving polythiazide.

Data are presented on 22 hypertensive patients in an 18-week, double-blind comparison of trimazosin and methyldopa during which treatment with polythiazide was continued. Maximum daily doses of trimazosin and methyldopa were 800 and 2000 mg, respectively. Eight of nine patients receiving trimazosin and 8 of 12 receiving methyldopa had excellent or good overall responses. (One trimazosin patient was not evaluated for overall response.) Quantitative criteria of blood pressure response indicated that trimazosin was as effective as methyldopa. There were no clinically significant changes in results of Holter monitor recordings, ECGs, chest x-ray films, cardiopulmonary tests, or ophthalmoscopy. There were no abnormalities in laboratory tests of trimazosin patients. One patient receiving methyldopa had a positive Coombs' test. Significant side effects developed in two methyldopa patients-syncope in one patient and postural hypotension in the other. No significant side effects occurred in the patients taking trimazosin.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Current drug treatment options in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and the prevention of kernicterus.

Neonatal jaundice is a frequent problem in neonatology, but the advent of phototherapy which has simplified its treatment, it no longer represents a major concern. Early hospital discharge of neonates has now resulted in a re-emergence of kernicterus. Neonatal jaundice is principally the result of a transient deficiency of bilirubin conjugation, of a partial deficiency of hepatic bilirubin uptake and intracellular transport and of an increased enterohepatic circulation of the pigment. The fact that bilirubin production in the neonate is 2 or more times greater than in the adult per kilogram of bodyweight represents the mainstay of this condition. Prevention of kernicterus in full term infants is based on the detection of neonates at risk for developing hyperbilirubinaemia, and can be accomplished with simple tests performed on umbilical cord blood such as blood type, Rh, Coombs' test and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in order to detect haemolytic diseases. The daily evaluation of transcutaneous bilirubin measurement gives additional information on the rise of serum bilirubin level, and can help to distinguish physiological from nonphysiological hyperbilirubinaemia. A significant hyperbilirubinaemia is more frequent in infants born before term, and in neonates who do not feed well and lose more than 10% of bodyweight. In preterm infants the typical clinical feature of kernicterus is seen very rarely, and kernicterus is now a very infrequent postmortem observation. Since it is very difficult to distinguish the effects of bilirubin from other potentially toxic factors, it is difficult to give guidelines for the treatment of jaundice in very low birthweight infants other than to keep the serum bilirubin levels to a lower level than in full term infant (e.g. 10 mg/dl lower than in full term babies). The intramuscular administration of a single dose of Sn-mesoporphyrin (6 mumol/kg bodyweight) in healthy term or near-term infants seems to be a promising treatment modality for controlling hyperbilirubinaemia.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2000

[Laboratory diagnosis and serologic course in patients with tularemia].

BACKGROUND: Tularemia was practically unknown in Spain until the end of 1997, when an epidemic outbreak was declared. This paper presents the data on microbiological diagnosis of 55 patients who suffered from tularemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two samples from 19 patients and 151 serum samples from 55 patients were obtained for culture. Serologic diagnosis was performed by tube sero-agglutination and microagglutination. Three types of tests were performed on all sera: Wright sero-agglutination (WSA), Coombs test against Brucella spp. and sero-agglutination against Yersinia enterocolitica O:3, Yersinia enterocolitica O:3, and Proteus OX 19. RESULTS: F. tularensis was found in two samples (6.25%) of the 32 received. Titers > or = 1/160 were obtained in 78.2% and 74.5% of the initial sera by tube sero-agglutination and microagglutination, respectively. Correlation between the two tests was 0.80 (p < 0.001). Prozone phenomenon was observed in 59.9% of the sera, while crossed reactivity to Brucella spp. and Proteus spp. was found in 9.3% and 22.8%, respectively. No crossed reactivity was observed with Yersinia spp. CONCLUSIONS: Culture of F. tularensis has low sensitivity. The correlation obtained between tube sero-agglutination and microagglutination is good. Both techniques are useful in routine diagnosis of tularemia, although microagglutination has some advantages over tube agglutination.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The legal basis of blood transfusion].

Blood transfusion is a procedure in which it is incumbent on the attendant doctor to undertake appropriate enlightenment of the patient, obtain the patient's consent, define the precise indications and perform the task with technical proficiency. The doctor undertaking blood transfusion must be acquainted with the legal basis for these responsibilities and be aware of the legal aspects which free him from these obligations in exceptional cases. Since the urgency of transfusion varies from case to case the following classification is proposed: normal cases, special cases and emergency cases. In view of the lack of legal guiding principles, the "3-stage cross-match test" in saline and albumin milieu, as well as in the Coombs test is recommended, in accordance with the provisions existing in Switzerland, the Federal Republic of Germany and in France. The procedure to be used in emergency cases is discussed. Moreover, advice is given in the event of fatal complications on the basis of a discussion of the causative factors and legal consequences involved in 21 cases which came to autopsy by order of the coroner.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed2003

[Prevalence of immunohematologic tests at birth and the incidence of hemolytic disease in the newborn].

UNLABELLED: The administration of anti-D globulin to the mothers has decreased the incidence of Rh hemolytic disease but the improvement of technologic assays has made it possible to identify several hemolytics diseases of the newborn. BACKGROUND: To identify the prevalence of immunohematologic tests demonstrated by indirect (IC), direct (DC) and elution tests; to identify the incidence of hemolytic disease and its treatment (phototherapy and/or exchange transfusion) in neonates with hemolytic disease. This is a retrospective cohort-study performed from January 1st 1996 to July 1st 1998. METHODS: This is a descriptive study of the immunohematologic profile of 1698 mothers and their offsprings, as risk factors for developing hemolytic disease. The inclusion criteria were the positivity of the indirect (IC) and direct (DC) Coombs tests and elution tests. Based on the inclusion criteria three group of infants were analyzed: Group I was composed of 149 offsprings of Coombs-positive mothers (IC+) with antibodies associated with neonatal hemolytic disease. This group was further divided into two groups: Group I-A (IC+DC+) was composed of 83 Coombs-positive offsprings (DC+) of Coombs-positive mothers (IC+) and Group I-B (IC+DC-) was composed of 66 Coombs-negative offsprings (DC-) of Coombs-positive mothers (IC+); Group D was composed of 736 Coombs-positive offspring's of Coombs-negative mothers (IC-); and Group E was composed of 807 Coombs-negative and elution-positive offspring's of Coombs-negative mothers. RESULTS: This study shown that the overall prevalence of immunohematologic tests associated with hemolytic disease was 9.07% (3212/35429), 0.43% (154/35429) among offsprings of Coombs-positive mothers, 4.10% (1453/35429) among Coombs-positive infants, and 4.53% (1605/35429) among elution-positive infants. The overall incidence of hemolytic disease was 36.23% (613/1692), 33.56% (50/149) among offspring's of Coombs-positive mothers, 44.43% (327/736) among Coombs-positive infants, and 29.24% (236/807) among elution-positive infants. The overall incidence of phototherapy among infants with hemolytic disease was 36.23% (613/1692), 49.40% (41/83) in group I-A (IC+DC+), 13.64% (9/66) in group I-B(IC+DC-), 44.43% (327/736) in group D, and 29.24% (236/807) in group E. The overall incidence of exchange transfusion among infants with hemolytic disease was 0.88% (15/1692), 14.46% (12/83) in group I-A (IC+DC+), 0% (0/66) in group I-B (IC+DC-), 0.27% (2/736) in group D, and 0.12% (1/807) in group E. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study allowed us to conclude that the overall prevalence of immunohematologic tests associated with hemolytic disease was 9.07% (3212/35429) and the overall incidence of hemolytic disease was 36.23% (613/1692) in this study-group. The highest incidences of hemolytic disease and phototherapy were observed among Coombs-positive offsprings of Coombs-positive mothers.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1994

[Antigenicity tests of tazobactam/piperacillin, tazobactam and piperacillin].

The antigenicity tests of Tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC), tazobactam (TAZ:beta-lactamase inhibitor) and piperacillin (PIPC:penicillin antibiotic) were performed in mice and guinea pigs. The following results were obtained. 1. TAZ/PIPC, TAZ or PIPC had no immunogenicity and allergenicity in either passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test using BALB/c and C3H/He mice or in PCA test using guinea pigs. 2. Guinea pigs sensitized with TAZ/PIPC, TAZ or PIPC showed no anaphylactic symptoms in active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) test. 3. Guinea pig PCA tests using protein conjugates as sensitizing and challenging antigens showed positive reactions. Immunological cross-reactivity tests were performed by using these conjugates in guinea pig PCA reaction. Results showed that TAZ/PIPC and PIPC cross-reacted with penicillin G (PCG) and ampicillin (ABPC), but not with cephalothin (CET) and cephmetazol (CMZ). TAZ did not cross-react with PCG, ABPC, CET or CMZ. 4. From the results of the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test, no antibody against TAZ/PIPC, TAZ or PIPC was detected. 5. In direct Coombs' test using human blood, TAZ/PIPC, TAZ, PCG and CET showed positive reactions at 20-80, 5-20, 80 and 10-20 mg/ml, respectively. 6. The results of a test on in vitro covalent binding activity with human serum albumin indicated that the order of binding potency was CET > CMZ > ABPC > PCG = PIPC > TAZ under the physiological condition (pH 7.2-7.4), and was CMZ > CET > ABPC > PIPC > TAZ > PCG under the alkaline condition (pH 10.0-10.5), respectively.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nutcracker syndrome: a difficult case of recurrent gross hematuria].

BACKGROUND: The Nutcracker Syndrome (NS) is an uncommon clinical condition caused by compression and entrapment of the renal vein (LRV) as it passes through the angle between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta (meso-aortic angle). Intermittent macrohematuria, left peripelvic and gonadal vein varices and aspecific abdominal pain may be common manifestations of this syndrome. CASE-REPORT: A 15-year-old white boy developed recurrent macrohaematuria in June 2002. He had a history of upper respiratory infection prior the first episode of gross hematuria followed by 4 other episodes of macrohematuria 'sine causa'. Blood pressure and renal function were normal. Routine laboratory tests showed only an increase in serum LDH levels (901 IU/L) with negative Coombs' test, both direct and indirect, and absence of schistocytes in the blood smear. Renal ultrasonography showed normal kidneys while an intravenous pyelography showed a 'minus' in the right ureter. For this reason, a cystoscopy and a retrograde pielography were performed but resulted normal. A renal biopsy was carried out because of the presence of one episode of post-infective macrohaematuria, but light microscopy and immunofluorescence examinations were found to be normal. Renal ultrasonography and Color Doppler ultrasonography (CD-USG) oriented our diagnosis towards NS. An abdominal computerised tomography (CT) scan confirmed that the LRV was compressed between the aorta and the SMA. CONCLUSIONS: NS cannot be diagnosed with routine diagnostic methods. Endoscopic and radiological methods may provide some clues for the presence of NS, while CD-USG may be considered to be the first level non-invasive method for diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of this test for diagnosing NS is reported as being 78% and 94%, respectively. The best treatment available for this syndrome is still being debated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Brucellosis: serological methods compared.

At least 12 persons contracted clinical, and 4 persons subclinical Brucella melitensis infection during a brucellosis epidemic in the spring and summer of 1983 in Southern Germany, a region which had been free of this disease for the past 20 years. All cases of illness were traced to one infected herd of sheep. The presence of antibodies against B. melitensis was examined in 72 sera of infected patients using the following tests: agglutination, Coomb's test, two complement fixation tests with different antigen preparations (CFT 1 and 2), IgG and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and opsonophagocytosis; and the occurrence of cross-reacting antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica O 9 was investigated in the agglutination and complement fixation tests. Sera from 100 blood donors and 112 other people with close contact with sheep were also examined. The results revealed the need to consider an intermediate range in the interpretation of ELISA results--due to elevated values of persons in groups at risk but without clinical signs of illness. In all other tests, however, such persons revealed the same cut-off levels as the general population. Results from all initial sera of infected persons revealed titres of optical densities above the baseline levels determined in the present study, with the exception of the Coomb's and CFT2 tests. The agglutination test, but not brucella CFT2, revealed complete cross-reactivity between Y. enterocolitica O 9 and B. melitensis. ELISA stood out as the only test which is suited to diagnosis of both recent and past infection, since ELISA IgM determination permits conclusions about the time of the onset of illness, and determination of IgG may still yield values above the cut-off level up to 623 days after the onset of illness. In 2 of the 16 infected persons, IgG ELISA was the only test revealing previous infection 424 and 528 days after the onset of illness. A procedural scheme is presented which may help to simplify the diagnosis of brucellosis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and carcinoma: an unusual association.

Four patients with Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia associated with carcinoma are presented and compared to 12 previously described patients. These patients commonly seek medical attention for symptoms of anemia rather than for complaints due to the tumor mass. The physician should particularly evaluate for an underlying carcinoma when a patient over the age of 60 years presents with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Autoimmune hemolytic disease has been demonstrated in patients with a wide variety of tumors, including squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, hypernephromas, oat cell carcinomas and a seminoma. Corticosteroid treatment is less effective in autoimmune hemolytic disease associated with carcinoma than in idiopathic autoimmune hemolysis. Tumor extirpation in patients with localized neoplastic disease may abolish the autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Control of the carcinoma through irradiation and chemotherapy together with corticosteroid therapy and/or splenectomy lessened the anemia in some patients. The positive Coombs' test may revert to negative with tumor excision or control. Subsequently, the positivity of the Coombs' reaction may provide a clue to recurrent neoplastic activity. The pathogenic mechanism underlying the association between carcinoma and autoimmune hemolytic disease is poorly understood.

Adenocarcinoma↗