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PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic biopsy of the conjunctiva in keratoconus].

Morphologic examinations of biopsy specimens of the conjunctiva from 28 patients with keratoconus (56 biopsy specimens) revealed two types of pathologic processes: (1) acute and chronic immune inflammations of cell-mediated and mixed type (in 9 patients) and (2) fibrosis and acellular sclerosis as the result of the inflammation with the reduction of the microcirculatory bed and ischemia (19 patients). These data indicate the necessity of a differentiated approach to pre- and postoperative drug therapy of patients with keratoconus, exposed to perforating keratoplasty. The clinical picture does not permit a differentiation between types and phases of the inflammation for objective individualized prescription of drug therapy before and after perforating keratoplasty, therefore conjunctival biopsy is advisable in such cases as a diagnostic test. Histologic analysis gives data on the migration and proliferation of inflammatory cells, on the production of the intercellular substance, on the microcirculatory status. The results of this study helped the authors suggest a schematic approach to conservative therapy of patients suffering from keratoconus, aimed at inhibition of the inflammation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[A morphological study of lymphocyte homing in conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue].

High endothelial venule (HEV) is an important component of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and plays a role in the homing phenomenon of lymphocytes. We investigated the presence of HEVs in conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) using guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. Electron microscopy showed characteristic findings for HEVs in the parafollicular area of the CALT. Lymphocytes in the vessels are trapped not only by microprocesses extending from the vascular endothelium but also by the endothelial cells. Some endothelial cells also appear to release lymphocytes. We conclude that HEVs are present also in the CALT.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of tonometry and nasolacrimal duct irrigation on bacterial flora of the conjunctiva].

This study was undertaken to assess the influence of preoperative ophthalmological examinations on the microbial flora of the conjunctiva. For this purpose, 112 patients awaiting ocular surgery were included in the study. Conjunctival swabs for microbiological investigation were taken by nurses on the day of admission. In addition, specimens were taken before an ophthalmological examination, after applanation and impression tonometry, after irrigation of the lacrimal duct and 2 h after the end of all examinations. A last swab was taken preoperatively. Comparison of the microbiological results of the first two specimens only showed an agreement in 53% of the cases. The increase after tonometry and irrigation of the lacrimal duct in the number of swabs that were positive was not permanent. Swabs that were primarily germ-free and those that were mostly contaminated also showed strong bacterial fluctuation. Based on the present results, there is no strong evidence that the microorganisms found at the preoperative examinations correlate with a higher risk of postoperative infection. Disinfection of the conjunctival sac and the application of antibiotic drops are necessary on the day before the operation and immediately before it.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cytology of normal and inflamed conjunctivas in dogs and cats.

Conjunctival scrapings from normal dogs and cats were compared with conjunctival scrapings from dogs and cats with conjunctivitis. Normal scrapings usually contained sheets of epithelial cells and small numbers of bacteria. Goblet cells were not seen unless the scraping was made from the fornix. In the absence of other signs of ocular disease, an occasional leukocyte was considered normal. The changes in scrapings from inflamed conjunctivas included increased numbers of degenerating epithelial cells, fibrin, inflammatory cells, bacteria, and inclusion bodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Aging changes in conjunctiva visualized by fluorescein angiography and histopathology].

In order to investigate the aging changes of the conjunctiva, we examined fluorescein-positive areas by fluorescein angiography. The deposition of melanin in basal cells, the degranulation of mast cells, and the lumens of capillaries were examined by light microscopy in 35 cataractous eyes without diabetes or hypertension. The fluorescein leakage increased with aging. The number of basal cells with deposition of melanin granules and mast cells with degranulation correlated significantly with aging. On the other hand, the narrowing of capillary lumens in conjunctival stroma was not observed with aging. Based on the above results, we conclude that the weakness of the conjunctival vessels without the narrowing of capillary lumens might be caused by functional disorder of the endothelium and pericytes. The increase of deposition of melanin granules in basal cells may be caused by the breakdown of the metabolic pathway of melanin. Long-time mechanical stimuli and metabolic disorders of active substances may increase the degranulation of mast cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the conjunctiva. Apropos of 14 cases treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy].

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of the conjunctiva are rare. Radiotherapy is usually considered to be the choice of treatment in such situations. Reported here are 14 cases of conjunctival NHL, treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy from 1981 to 1988. Mean age of the patients was 53 years. The series comprised 7 stages of IE, 4 stages of IIE and 3 stages of III. Histological types were mostly "low-grade" according to the Working Formulation (9 cases out of 14). The irradiation technique took advantage of a customized facial lead mask and of a direct anterior electron beam. A small cylindrical lead block, hanging some millimetres above the eye, shielded the cornea and the lens. Local control was achieved for 17 eyes treated (out of 19 irradiated), with a follow-up ranging from 5 to 90 months. The 2 relapses occurred in the same patient, and could be treated by a second line irradiation of the same type. Immediate tolerance was good. Late sequelae were rare and actually included 4 cases of cataract which clearly could not be entirely attributable to the treatment. In conclusion, this sophisticated technique appears to be efficient and non-toxic, since it was able to achieve an almost 100% local control rate, together with a very low percentage of late complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

IgE in limbal conjunctiva in Mooren's ulcer.

A patient with a severe, progressive Mooren's ulcer was unsuccessfully treated by limbal conjunctival resection and cryotherapy. The excised conjunctiva demonstrated a band of IgE along the basement membrane.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMed1996

[Immunophenotype of dendritic cells of the human conjunctiva].

PURPOSE: To examine dendritic cells from human conjunctiva and to characterize their surface markers immunologically. METHODS: Conjunctival cells were isolated by conjunctival impression cytology from 150 patients: controls (65 patients, 126 eyes) or with various chronic inflammatory conditions (85 patients, 160 eyes); and by conjunctival biopsies from 25 patients: controls (10 patients) or treated topically for primary open angle glaucoma (15 patients). Immunostaining was performed using antibodies to investigate expression of 21 different membrane markers relevant to immunologic functions of dendritic cells. RESULTS: Conjunctival dendritic cells exhibited surface markers both in normal and inflammatory conditions: class II antigens HLA-DR and HLA-DQ, CD1a, vimentin, CD11a and CD18 (LFA-1), CD22, CD45RO and CD50. Some markers were more occasionally found CD4, CD11b, CD29, CD32, CD45RA and CD54, others being almost totally absent. Conjunctival inflammation induced the migration of dendritic cells from the stroma to the epithelium and thus increased their density. CONCLUSION: We conclude that conjunctival dendritic cells show common immunophenotypic features with those of other nonlymphoid tissues. Thus, conjunctival dendritic cells may be important in the immune regulation of the anterior segment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphometric parameters of the bulbar conjunctiva vessels in patients with gout].

Morphometry of the bulbar conjunctiva vessels in 50 patients with gout was carried out by television capillaroscopy with videorecording. The findings indicate that microcirculatory disorders start with dilatation of the venules, after which arterioles and capillaries are involved. This results in alteration of the arteriovenular coefficient and of the bloodflow velocity in the capillaries. Hence, the metabolic form of gout may be regarded as the initial stage of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac complicating primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva.

An 81-year-old woman with primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva had multinodular invasive malignant melanoma, with one nodule engulfing the superior lacrimal punctum. At exenteration, the lacrimal sac was noted to be involved with melanoma, and an en bloc resection of the orbital contents along with the medial orbital wall and the medial wall of the maxillary antrum was performed to excise the lacrimal drainage apparatus. In situ melanoma was found in the superior canaliculus with invasive melanoma in the lacrimal sac. In situ melanoma was also found in the ductules of the lacrimal gland and the accessory lacrimal glands of the fornix. The patient died 8 months later of metastatic melanoma. The involvement of the lacrimal drainage apparatus by primary acquired melanosis or in situ melanoma makes clinical monitoring and management difficult.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Shrinkage of conjunctiva, Terrien's marginal degeneration, and perforation of cornea in rheumatoid arthritis.

The unusual occurrence of severe conjunctival shrinkage resembling ocular pemphigoid and bilateral Terrien's marginal degeneration of the cornea in rheumatoid arthritis is described. In less than two years the right eye was lost due to spontaneous corneal perforation and the left became totally blind because of scarring and shrinkage of the conjunctiva. A common unknown factor is speculated as an etiologic relationship between rheumatoid arthritis, ocular pemphigoid, and Terrien's marginal corneal degeneration.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Histological examination of lymphoid follicles in conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in guinea pigs--Report 1. Histological characteristics of follicular dendritic cells].

We histologically examined the existence of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in the follicular area of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT). Animals used in the experiment were Hartley guinea pigs sensitized with a topical application to the eyes of an emulsion of a mixture of ovalbumin and Freund's complete adjuvant in equal amounts. The animals were divided into 4 groups: a group with no eye drops administered (Group A), a group examined 1 week after administration of eye-drops (Group B-1), a group examined 2 weeks after administration (Group B-2), and a group given booster administration of eye-drops (Group C). These animals were examined by methyl green pyronine staining, alpha-naphthylacetate esterase staining, and enzyme-antibody methods against S-100 protein or major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) antigen. Also peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) was applied to the eyes and the uptake of PAP in CALT was observed histologically. In each group, positive reticular stains to alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase staining and S-100 protein were found in the CALT follicular area. The positive cells were found to be dendrite cells by immunoelectron microscopy. An uptake of PAP was seen in the CALT follicular area, suggesting the function of trapping and holding the antigen-antibody complex by FDCs. It was concluded that dendritic cells present in the follicular area of CALT were FDCs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Keratinization of the conjunctiva.

Keratinization of the tarsal conjunctiva in an eye with adequate tears occurs following a number of conditions, including irritation and sensitivity to topical medications, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, radiation to the lid, and occasionally from unknown causes. The keratinized cells produce an epithelial keratitis with subsequent vascularization of the cornea. The morphogenesis of this condition is discussed, along with therapy including mucous membrane grafts and freezing of the tissue.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of the mast cells of the conjunctiva in the intercellular interactions in keratoconus and epithelial-endothelial corneal dystrophy].

The aim of this study was assessment of the role of mast cells in inflammatory processes associated with keratoconus and corneal epithelial-endothelial dystrophy and clinical assessment of Lecrolin, a specially designed dosage form (eye drops) of potassium cromoglycate (intal) used as an antiallergic drug in asthma, rhinitis, etc. Examinations of 43 biopsy specimens of the conjunctiva from patients with keratoconus and epithelial-endothelial corneal dystrophy demonstrated the significance of immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Mast cells are a typical cell element participating in inflammation at all stages. The count of mast cells increases from 2.5 during the acute stage to 8.86 during the chronic stage, which is explained by absence of the leukocytic stage and proteolysis and stabilization of mature labrocyte degranulation associated with it. Reactions of mast cells with lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages lead to proliferation of fibroblasts and chronic development of collagen formation. Close relationships between microvessels and mast cells promote stable spasms of the vessels, impairing the microcirculatory bed and leading to ischemia of the anterior segment of the eye. In such cases sodium cromolyne drugs (lecrolin) inhibiting histamine release and stabilizing mast cell membranes are recommended.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microcirculatory bed of bulbar conjunctiva and fundus oculi vessels in cervical osteochondrosis].

A total of 100 patients (200 eyes) with cervical osteochondrosis were examined. Microcirculatory bed of the bulbar conjunctiva, pressure in the central retinal artery, and diameter of vessels in the fundus oculi were assessed. All these parameters were disordered in the examinees in comparison with normal controls. The degree of changes inversely correlated with clinical manifestations of cervical osteochondrosis. Study of ocular hemodynamics in this patient population helps predict the time course of the underlying disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the conjunctiva.

We report the clinical and pathological findings in a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the conjunctiva of a 60-year-old man. The patient initially had an atypical limbal lesion, resembling a pterygium, which was excised. Two local recurrences, noted during the following year, were treated by surgical excision followed by cryotherapy. Histopathologic examination of the conjunctival lesions showed a stromal neoplastic infiltrate composed of atypical spindle cells and histiocytelike cells. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies suggested that the tumor was composed of various cellular elements: fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and histiocytes.

Actins↗