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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Asthma statistics in The Netherlands 1980-94.

Concern about the rising asthma mortality and morbidity in several countries in the 1980s, and the consequent development of international guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma, gave reason to evaluate national mortality and hospital admission data from the Netherlands for asthma [International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 493] over the period 1980-94, as well as for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (ICD 490-2, 496) and acute bronchi(oli)tis (ICD 466), according to age (0-4, 5-34, 35-64 and > or = 65 years). Rates per million population per year were calculated and time trend analyses were performed. Hospital admissions for asthma showed a decrease in all age groups except in age group 0-4 years. In this age group, an increase was found which continued in the 1990s. Hospital admissions also increased for COPD and acute bronchi(oli)tis in the age group 0-4 years. These increases, however, had no impact on the respiratory mortality, which remained stable and even fell for acute bronchi(oli)tis. Asthma mortality showed a large decline in the 1990s in age group > or = 65 years in both sexes, and also fell, to a lesser extent, in age group 35-64 years. In both age groups, rising COPD trends were found in hospital admissions and mortality, except in males aged 35-64 years, in whom trends fell in the last decade. In age group 5-34 years, asthma mortality declined over the whole study period, whilst the other respiratory trends were stable. It is concluded that asthma statistics in the Netherlands indicate favourable development, except for the age group 0-4 years. In this age group, morbidity from asthma and from other reactive airway disorders is still of great concern.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

High interleukin-6 production within the peritoneal cavity in decompensated cirrhosis and malignancy-related ascites.

To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of interleukin-6, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha assays in plasma and ascites, we measured these cytokines in eight patients with malignancy-related ascites and 32 patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Five patients had an episode of bacterial peritonitis, during which one or more ascitic fluid samples were analyzed. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were not significantly different between the cirrhotic and the malignant groups: ascitic interleukin-6 13,816 +/- 15,314 vs 28,138 +/- 23,403 pg/ml, plasma interleukin-6 542 +/- 719 vs 559 +/- 604 pg/ml; ascitic tumor necrosis factor-alpha 19 +/- 50 vs 12 +/- 31 pg/ml, plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha 3.4 +/- 8.2 vs 6.1 +/- 13.8 pg/ml. During an episode of bacterial peritonitis there was a significant increase only in ascitic interleukin-6 (133,268 +/- 99,743 pg/ml), which declined after antibiotic treatment. None of the parameters was associated with 6-month survival (11 of the 40 patients died within 6 months). There was a correlation (r = 0.675; p = 0.002) between plasma interleukin-6 levels and the Child-Pugh score in patients with cirrhosis, but not with the etiology of the liver disorder. Plasma interleukin-6 levels correlated with IgA levels (r = 0.649; p = 0.004) but not with C reactive protein, sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, IgM or IgG. These results do suggest that interleukin-6 is produced within the peritoneal cavity in hepatic and malignant ascites. There is a sharp increase in the local production of interleukin-6 during an episode of bacterial peritonitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Apoptotic cell death in child-onset neurodegenerative disorders].

Apoptotic cell death was examined in autopsied brains with Werdnig Hoffmann disease, hereditary DNA repair disorders (xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne syndrome) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, using in situ nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry for cell death-related proteins. TUNEL-positive cells were found in the thalamus, cerebellum and/or hippocampus in each disorder. The expression of cell death-related proteins in the cerebellum of hereditary DNA repair disorders and the hippocampus of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis suggested the involvement of apoptotic process in neurodegeneration in these disorders. On the other hand, TUNEL-reactivity without the altered expression of cell death-related proteins might reflect neuronal changes preceding the thalamic degeneration in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Different effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the region of the superior cerebellar peduncle and the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus in the treatment of movement disorders.

The stereotactic target for essential tremor is usually restricted to the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus, where total immediate suppression of tremor is obtained by continuous chronic electrical stimulation. According to authors' experience in cerebral palsy, chronic stimulation of the region of the superior cerebellar peduncle can diminish spasticity and dyskinesias. The effect of this stimulation is gradual and persists, so stimulation is applied 3-8 times daily for 15-20 min, and is accompanied by a feeling of pleasure. After interruption of chronic stimulation, the effects last for days or weeks. It is suggested that the changes in synaptic connections--reactive synaptogenesis--can also contribute.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Characteristics of the interests, enthusiasms and fantasies of children and adolescents with a developing schizoid psychopathy.

A retrospective clinico-dynamical study of the interests fascinations and phantasies in 32 adolescents with a forming schizoid psychopathy demonstrates that these psychopathological phenomena, their content and motivation are determined mainly by microsocial environmental influences and are connected with the intellectual development, thinking and peculiar direction of the forming schizoid personality. These psychopathological structures do not go beyond the framework of overvalued and reactive structures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Development of a simple, blood based lymphoproliferation assay to assess the clinical status of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Although childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is highly responsive to chemotherapy, reliable techniques are needed to determine treatment outcome and predict relapse. Employing a 9-O-acetyl sialic acid binding lectin, ATN(H), we have identified two 9-O-acetylated sialogycoconjugates (9-OAcSGs) as novel biomarkers expressed selectively on leukemic blasts of ALL patients. Presently, we report a non-invasive, blood based lymphoproliferation assay, which employs the maximal lymphoproliferative dose of ATN(H) (MLD) to assess the status of 9-OAcSGs with progressive therapy. A low MLD (0.18 +/- 0.01 microg) in untreated patients reflects increased expression of 9-OAcSGs which decline following therapy (MLD = 2.10 +/- 0.60 microg), persist during maintenance therapy (MLD = 4.50 +/- 1.60 microg)/follow-up (MLD = 5.50 +/- 0.85 microg) and are re-induced with relapse (MLD = 0.25 +/- 0.01 microg). Since the assay detects lymphoblasts with a sensitivity of 10(-4), shows no cross-reactivity with other hematological disorders (n = 48) and has been tested in 212 patients, it meets clinical consideration.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Comparing criteria for attachment disorders: establishing reliability and validity in high-risk samples.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether published subtypes of attachment disorder can be reliably identified by trained clinicians reviewing data from high-risk populations and to investigate the relationship between disorder classification and standardized measures of attachment behavior. METHOD: Twenty or more children aged 18 to 48 months and their primary caregivers were recruited from three sites: a treatment team for maltreated young children (n = 20), a homeless shelter (n = 25), and Head Start centers (n = 24). All dyads completed a semistructured clinical assessment and laboratory and home-based attachment measures. RESULTS: All but one type of attachment disorder could be identified reliably by clinician raters (kappa range = 0.62-0.74, depending on subtype). Children from the maltreatment sample were significantly more likely to meet criteria for one or more attachment disorders than children from the other groups (p <.001). As predicted, children without an attachment disorder were more likely to be classified as securely attached than those with an attachment disorder (p =.03); however, children classified as having disorganized attachment were not more likely to receive an attachment disorder diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Attachment disorders can be reliably diagnosed in young children, though research on refining disorder criteria should precede intervention trials.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2003

Pediatric intraparotid Castleman's disease.

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare, benign lymphoepithelial disease of unknown cause that presents most commonly in the mediastinum. There are 2 histologic types of CD: the hyaline vascular type and the plasma cell type. In the head and neck, 98% of these lesions are of the hyaline vascular type. The differential diagnosis of CD includes reactive lymphadenopathy, lymphoproliferative disorders, lymph node metastasis, and other conditions. Approximately 80 cases of CD have been reported in children; head and neck involvement in children is extremely rare. A case of a child with intraparotid CD is presented; the clinical course, histopathologic presentation, radiographic findings, and management of CD are reviewed.

Castleman Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Life events and trauma in chronic negligent mothers].

The present study examines more closely the chronic behaviors of maltreating mothers. Events that these mothers have experienced during childhood are examined, experiences including abuse, placement, separation, bereavement, rejection, neglect, lack of love and role reversal. Signs of unresolved trauma found in the discourse of mothers, such as dissociation, are also studied. It is proposed that negligent mothers from the chronic group will evoke more negative experiences and/or more intense negative experiences which occurred during childhood than the mothers from the transitory group. The chronic group will also show more signs of dissociation. From a six years follow-up study, a sample of 20 mothers was recruited from the Child Protection Services, including the cases of 10 chronic maltreating mothers and 10 transitory maltreating mothers. Two main measures were used: the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) (Main et Goldwyn, 1998). The experiences from childhood and complete discourse in AAI were analysed with the method used by Main et Goldwyn (1998). Non parametric analysis indicate that mothers from the chronic group evoke more negative and very negative childhood experiences than the mothers from the transitory group. Content analysis show that chronic maltreating mothers relate having gone through more potentially traumatic events such as foster care placements, separations and abuse. The analysis of the Adult Attachment Interview according to Main and Goldwyn's system demonstrate that the majority of the chronic maltreating mothers have two times more unresolved traumas.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[A child without edema in spite of albumin deficiency].

During extended investigation of a newborn girl with recurrent respiratory tract infection a continuous elevated blood sedimentation rate was noted together with a normal level of C reactive protein. This abnormality could be explained by analbuminaemia, causing a change in concentration of several other proteins such as transferrin. It was striking that this girl without albumin showed no signs of oedema. This lack of oedema could be explained by a decrease of oncotic pressure in the interstitium. Analbuminaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder. At follow-up the girl was still without complaints after 6 years.

Blood Sedimentation↗
PubMed2004

Family discord and stress predictors of depression and other disorders in adolescent children of depressed and nondepressed women.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that family stress variables are associated with the effects of maternal depression on offspring diagnoses and examined whether such factors may be differentially associated with disorders in offspring of depressed and never-depressed women. METHOD: Eight hundred sixteen mothers and their 15-year-old children in an Australian community completed cross-sectional assessments of mother and youth diagnoses, interviewer-rated and self-reported quality of marital relationship/status, quality of parent-child relationship, and interviews for youth chronic and episodic stress. Women with depression histories were oversampled and included 458 never-depressed and 358 women with current or past major depressive episodes or dysthymic disorder. RESULTS: Significant interaction effects were found between maternal depression and family discord/stress variables such that high levels of environmental risk factors were significantly associated with youth depression in children of depressed women compared with low levels of adverse conditions and were generally less associated with depression in children of nondepressed women. Nondepressive disorders were associated with adverse family and stress factors for both groups of children. CONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with a multiple risk factor model of depression transmission in high-risk families and suggest a pattern of reactivity to adverse conditions among children of depressed women. The results suggest that psychosocial factors may contribute to diagnoses in offspring of depressed women in community samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Evidence for increased mitochondrial superoxide production in Down syndrome.

Respiring mitochondria represent the major source of superoxide production in most cells, and superoxide anions function as direct precursors of hydrogen peroxide formation within mitochondria. We use a lucigenen-derived chemiluminescence (LDCL) assay to test the hypothesis that intramitochondrial superoxide production is altered in young children with DS. We also measured the levels of two serum markers of lipid peroxidation, lipid peroxides (LOOH), and malondialdehyde as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), to determine if superoxide levels correlate with in vivo measures of lipid peroxidation. A three-group, cross-sectional design was utilized which allowed us to compare young children with DS to children with cognitive impairment (CI) of unknown etiology, and typically developing (Nl) children. Data was analyzed using Pearson's zero-order correlations and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. DS subjects had significantly elevated LDCL signal compared to Nl subjects (p = .03), but did not differ significantly from CI subjects. This study provides new evidence regarding an important source of reactive oxygen species in trisomy 21. The role of the mitochondria in superoxide anion production and the mechanisms underlying its generation in DS deserves further study.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1983

Familial subtypes of childhood hyperactivity.

On the basis of family history data we defined two subtypes of childhood hyperactivity: family history-positive (FH+), in which at least one biological parent of the child had a diagnosis in the antisocial spectrum; and family history-negative (FH-), in which neither parent had such a diagnosis. While children in both subgroups were equally deviant on measures of the core components of childhood hyperactivity (e.g., inattention and reactivity), the FH+ children were also deviant on dimensions of conduct disturbance and had siblings with a high prevalence of conduct disorder. FH- children showed little evidence of conduct disturbance, had more learning and academic problems, and had siblings with attentional and learning disabilities, but not conduct disorder. These findings suggest that the study of family constellations should be a fruitful method for resolving the heterogeneity of the hyperactive child syndrome.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Safety and stability for foster children: a developmental perspective.

Children in foster care face a challenging journey through childhood. In addition to the troubling family circumstances that bring them into state care, they face additional difficulties within the child welfare system that may further compromise their healthy development. This article discusses the importance of safety and stability to healthy child development and reviews the research on the risks associated with maltreatment and the foster care experience. It finds: Family stability is best viewed as a process of caregiving practices that, when present, can greatly facilitate healthy child development. Children in foster care, as a result of exposure to risk factors such as poverty, maltreatment, and the foster care experience, face multiple threats to their healthy development, including poor physical health, attachment disorders, compromised brain functioning, inadequate social skills, and mental health difficulties. Providing stable and nurturing families can bolster the resilience of children in care and ameliorate negative impacts on their developmental outcomes. The author concludes that developmentally-sensitive child welfare policies and practices designed to promote the well-being of the whole child, such as ongoing screening and assessment and coordinated systems of care, are needed to facilitate the healthy development of children in foster care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Children against children: bullying as an emerging disorder].

An increasing number of children are consulting for various problems or disorders that are based on mistreatment at school. Bullying is defined as persistent physical or emotional violence by a school-aged child or group of children against another school-aged child who is unable to defend himself in this situation, which takes place in the school area. This type of behavior involves the aggressor, the victim, the group of classmates, the institution (teachers, the psychopedagogic team, the management team) and the families (those of the aggressor and victim, and the parents association). Bullying is a type of disorder that can be included in some of the typologies described by Terr in Postraumatic Stress Disorder in childhood, specifically in type II or chronic disorder and in type III or mixed disorder (chronic with phases of acute reactivation). Longitudinal studies have reported an association between having been bullied at school and the possibility of suffering from mobbing, mostly in the form of work harassment. Surprisingly, there can be a "pact of silence" between classmates. Schools are perceived as being more tolerant with the aggressors than with the victims of bullying.

Aggression↗