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PubMed1976

[The Restless Child (author's transl)].

Physiological unrest of children seems to originate from a basic need for activity in humans. It becomes apparent as "enjoyment of action" during age-specific periods, particularly during emotional phases of development. Apart from clearly neurological diseases, psychomotoric unrest as a pathological symptom can be observed in three forms different in artiology and psychodynamics: as cerebral unrest, psycho-vegetative unrest, and neurotic unrest. Causes, psychodynamics and appearances of the unrest as mentioned before are discussed and illustrated by details of case histories. Basically, the psychomotoric unrest is an expression of frustrated emotion, preventing the child from adjustment to reality, thereby causing a deficit of experience, which inturn is the reason for a secondary lack of success, to which the child reacts again with psychomotoric unrest. Therapy has to interrupt this vicious circle by three recommended approaches: drug therapy, child guidance, and psycho-therapy. Sociological aspects of the "restless child" are mentioned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Antisocial behavior: more enduring than changeable?

This paper challenges the notion that many children outgrow early conduct problems. It explores factors that may have led to researchers' underestimating the stability of antisocial behaviors, especially because these behaviors manifest themselves differently in various phases of the life course. In addition, data suggest that the malleability of child behaviors decreases as children grow older, contributing to a higher continuity of antisocial behavior possibly from early adolescence onward. Implications are discussed for the study and intervention of antisocial behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Usefulness of the Rorschach inkblot test in assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The Rorschach inkblot test is commonly used in the psychological evaluation of children. Yet there is little information about the Rorschach performance of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The responses of 24 children rigorously diagnosed with ADHD were scored using the Exner system and compared with normative data. Given their greater impulsivity, poor attention span, and increased responsivity to external stimuli, we predicted that, when compared to norms, the ADHD group would have more color dominant responses (CF), a lower FC:CF + C ratio, fewer human movement responses (M), lower sumM:WsumC and sumM + WsumC ratios, poorer form quality (X-%), and would have the same number of or more detail (D) responses. The results yielded support only for those hypotheses concerning M, X-%, and sumM:WsumC. Comparisons between small subgroups with and without ODD suggested differences in the frequency of Human but not Aggressive responses. Possible reasons for the discrepancies from predictions are discussed.

Aggression↗
PubMed2006

How mothers parent their children with behavior disorders: implications for unintentional injury risk.

INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to test the role of parental supervision in explaining why children with behavior disorders have increased risk of unintentional injury. METHOD: Children referred to a pediatric behavior disorders clinic and their mothers were unknowingly observed in a "hazard room" environment that housed several items that appeared dangerous but actually were altered to be safe. RESULTS: Mother and child behavior in the hazard room was correlated to parent-, teacher-, and observational-reports of children's externalizing behavior patterns, children's injury history, and mother's parenting styles. Maternal ignoring of children's dangerous behavior in the hazard room was the strongest correlate to children's injury history. CONCLUSIONS: Poor parental supervision might serve as a mechanism to explain why children with behavior disorders, and those with oppositional behavior patterns in particular, have increased risk of unintentional injury.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1995

Firesetting during the preschool period: assessment and intervention issues.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a methodology of assessing preschoolers involved in firesetting incidents, and outline the psychiatric implications of firesetting incidents in young children. METHOD: To outline The Arson Prevention Program for Children and present case vignettes. RESULTS: The heightened risk of burn injury or fatality in fires caused by young children is highlighted and practical suggestions for facilitating the immediate safety of the child and family are presented. CONCLUSION: Despite the popular notion that fire interest and play is relatively benign in young children, the cases show that, as with older children, firesetting in preschoolers can be associated with serious child and/or family psychopathology.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗