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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Right axillary incision: a cosmetically superior approach to repair a wide range of congenital cardiac defects.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the safety of a right axillary incision, a cosmetically superior approach than anterolateral thoracotomy, to repair various congenital heart defects. METHODS: All the patients who were approached with this incision between March 2001 and October 2004 were included in the study. There were 80 patients (median age, 4 years) with atrial septal defect closure (38 patients), repair of partial abnormal pulmonary venous return (14 patients), partial atrioventricular canal (16 patients), and perimembranous ventricular septal defect (12 patients). The surgical technique involved peripheral and central cannulation for institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Electrically induced ventricular fibrillation was used for defects located in front of the atrioventricular valves, and cardioplegic arrest was used for those located at the level or behind these valves. RESULTS: The repair was possible without need for conversion to another approach. One patient sustained a transient neurologic deficit. The patients were all in excellent condition after a mean follow-up of 14 months. The cardiac defect was repaired with no residual defect in 75 patients and with trivial residual defect in 5 patients (3 with mitral valve regurgitation, 1 with atrial septal defect, and 1 with ventricular septal defect). The incision healed properly in all, and the thorax showed no deformity. CONCLUSION: The right axillary incision provides a quality of repair for various congenital defects similar to that obtained by using standard surgical approaches. Because it lies more laterally and is hidden by the resting arm, it provides superior cosmetic results compared with conventional incisions, including the anterolateral thoracotomy. Finally, the incision is unlikely to interfere with subsequent development of the breast.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Determination of benzophenones in a cosmetic matrix by supercritical fluid extraction and capillary electrophoresis.

Benzophenones are common additives in commercial sunscreen products. These UV absorbers were extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and then analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and high-performance liquid chromatography. This study was applied to identify the contents of benzophenones in cosmetic matrix, and simultaneously, to investigate the behavior of migration in CZE. Adding non-ionic surfactant (Tween 20) to optimize the separation in the CZE operation improves resolution. In SFE, we chose carbon dioxide with 2.5% modifier of 10% aqueous phosphoric acid-MeOH (1:1) as the supercritical fluid. Real recoveries of up to 92% with relative standard deviations of less than 4.0% were achieved. These analytical techniques were also applied to assay benzophenones for ten commercial sunscreen cosmetics. We found benzophenone 3 was the most commonly used sunscreen additive in Taiwan.

Benzophenones↗
PubMed1993

Subtotal de-epithelialization and partial concealment of the glans clitoris: a modification to improve the cosmetic results of feminizing genitoplasty.

An unsatisfactory appearance of the external genitalia after otherwise successful genitoplasty may result from failure to reduce the size of a hypertrophied glans clitoris and change its appearance from a large bulbous structure to a small conical cap. A more pleasing cosmetic result can be achieved by modifying a technique for glansplasty originally described by Lattimer: subtotal glans de-epithelialization and partial glans concealment. Six patients with virilized external genitalia (3 with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 2 with gonadal dysgenesis and 1 true hermaphrodite) underwent feminizing genitoplasty using this modified technique at ages 3 to 13 months. All patients have achieved pleasing cosmetic results that are vastly superior to our experience with other methods for clitoral reduction.

Clitoris↗
PubMed1986

Long-term followup of cosmetic appearance and genital function in boys with exstrophy: review of 53 patients.

Long-term results of genital function and cosmetic appearance were analyzed in 53 patients with bladder exstrophy. Satisfactory cosmetic appearance of the external genitalia, with a straight penis angulated downward in the standing position, was achieved in 55 per cent of the patients. Normal erectile function was preserved in all patients and 61 per cent of the postpubertal patients had experienced satisfactory intercourse. The recent use of formal penile elongation by partial mobilization of the crura of the corpora cavernosa from the pubic rami combined with single-stage or multistage urethroplasty has produced a significant improvement in results. Of the patients 12 are married and 5 have fathered children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Cosmetic osteoplastic craniotomy with a chisel and hammer.

BACKGROUND: Osteoplastic craniotomy has been performed recently with microfixation systems such as miniplates, burr hole buttons, and/or ceramic dust. However, these are costly methods of treatment. Without the use of these devices, we performed cosmetic osteoplastic craniotomy using an inexpensive chisel and hammer. METHODS: Our osteoplastic craniotomy with a chisel and hammer was used on 19 lesions in 15 patients. Using a chisel, the bone flap was cut gently from the calvarium to the skull base, the lamina externa to the diploe (finally the lamina interna), and both ends to the midportion between two holes. The lamina interna in the cranium was trimmed easily after removal of the bone flap. The bone defect was minimal because of the absence of a narrow cutting groove and because craniectomy was not performed. The bone flap was replaced by tapping and was tightly fixed. No special fixation system was needed, except for threads. RESULTS: Follow-up (mean follow-up, 5 months; range, 5 weeks to 9 months) skull X-ray and 3D-CT showed good fusion and inherent normal configuration of the bone flap. There were two minor dural tears and two minor bony fractures. CONCLUSION: A good cosmetic effect without the use of any additional instruments was accomplished with osteoplastic craniotomy using a chisel and hammer.

Craniotomy↗
PubMed1996

Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on radiation and cosmetic results after conservative surgery for early breast cancer: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) can reduce the incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction by inhibiting platelet-fibrin thrombi in small blood vessels. To determine if ASA could reduce late effects of radiation therapy mediated by damage to small blood vessels, a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted in women with early breast cancer, receiving radiotherapy to the conserved breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cosmetic outcome and late radiotherapy effects were recorded prospectively for 186 women with T1 or T2, pathologically node-negative breast cancer treated with breast conservation and randomized to receive ASA (325 mg daily) or placebo for 1 year from the start of radiation therapy. Radiation was a tangent pair to the breast alone delivering a modal dose of 44 Gy in 16 daily fractions in 22-25 days. RESULTS: Median follow-up is 6.5 years. The use of ASA has not had any effect on the acute (erythema, edema or discomfort) or late (induration, telangiectasia) effects of radiotherapy (all P > 0.10), the patients' or physicians' assessment of the cosmetic outcome (all P > 0.25) or rates of breast recurrence (P > 0.25). CONCLUSION: ASA cannot be recommended to improve the outcome of radiotherapy complementing breast conserving surgery.

Aspirin↗
PubMed2006

[Bilateral infectious keratitis in a patient wearing cosmetic soft contact lenses].

We report a case of an immunocompetent 20-year-old woman, wearing planocosmetic contact lenses to change the color of her eyes, with no contact lens hygiene regimen. She developed a bilateral infectious keratitis. Acanthamoeba and Fusarium solani were isolated in both eyes. Bilateral penetrating keratoplasty was needed because of bilateral corneal perforation. Three months later, bilateral simultaneous phacoemulsification was performed because of a dense cataract and a severe decrease in her vision. Six months after surgery, her best corrected visual acuity was 0.7 in the right eye, and 0.6 in the left eye. Cosmetic contact lenses expose the wearers to the same potential ocular complications as other contact lenses. Wearers must be informed of such complications, which may be sight-threatening. Based on this case, we strongly recommend that all cosmetic contact lens wearers be examined and followed as if they were standard contact lens wearers.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Wound healing by secondary intention. A cosmetic appraisal.

Secondary intention healing is a simple method of wound management that can provide excellent cosmetic results. Wounds located on concave surfaces of the skin heal with a better cosmetic result than those on convex surfaces. The technic of wound care is reviewed and a set of guidelines is presented that helps one to predict the final appearance of healed cutaneous wounds.

Facial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Surgical (cosmetic) dehorning in cattle.

Numerous methods have been developed through the ages to dehorn cattle. Some are clever and sophisticated; others are crude. Most methods can be used effectively and humanely, and with desirable cosmetic results. This article discusses the cosmetic and ethical considerations for dehorning, as well as surgical preparation and techniques used.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ocular cosmetic and prosthetic devices.

Specific details on surgical procedures, although not covered here, are available in other references. Factors enhancing the overall cosmetic appearance obtained with procedures are emphasized, providing information that should allow veterinarians to offer clients a good cosmetic appearance and effective treatment for disfiguring ocular problems in their horses. Questions regarding procedures should be addressed to your referral ophthalmologist or, in the case of a corneoscleral prosthesis, the ocularist assisting.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A comparison of late cosmetic results following two different radiotherapy techniques for treating basal cell carcinoma.

Fractionated superficial X-ray therapy and gold grain brachytherapy Elastoplast mould (EPM) methods of treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on facial skin were compared for long term cosmesis. Thirty patients were traced who had been treated successfully for a BCC on the face more than ten years previously. Late skin and subcutaneous changes were graded. Fifteen had been treated with 116 kV X-rays (32.5 Gy in five fractions on 5 consecutive days, and the remaining 15 with radioactive gold EPMs, delivering a dose of 6000-6500 R with an application lasting 7 days). The late cosmetic result scores of the patients treated by X-rays gave a mean score of 2.13; only three of these patients had a score of less than 2. The mean score for the patients treated with EPMs was 1.47; none had a score greater than 2. The difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The EPM gave much more acceptable late cosmetic results.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed2002

Cosmetic considerations in cranial base surgery.

Recent advances in the surgical techniques for the resection of cranial base tumors have allowed for improved degrees of tumor resection, functional outcomes, and esthetic results. If the resection and functional results are not compromised by procedures providing excellent cosmetic outcomes, there is no reason to ignore or compromise the esthetic aspect with regard to technical execution and planning. A thorough assessment of the patient's preoperative deficits and tumor anatomy and a working knowledge of the available cranial base approaches and their combinations permit the surgeon to design an approach that allows for optimal tumor resection with the best possible cosmetic result. In a time when alternative treatment options like radiosurgery exist for cranial base tumors, esthetic outcome is a significant quality-of-life issue that patients consider in their decision to choose surgery versus an alternative treatment.

Craniotomy↗
PubMed1999

Topical agents used in association with cosmetic surgery.

Effective cosmetic surgery depends on proper preparation of the skin prior to the procedure, excellent wound care, and an appropriate postoperative skin maintenance program. Accomplishing this goal requires a thorough understanding of topical agents. Substances applied to the skin can alter barrier function, permeability, transepidermal water loss, immune response, wound repair, vasostability, collagen deposition, epidermal turnover, and melanin formation, to name a few. Each of these skin characteristics can affect the quality of the end surgical result. This article discusses topical agents used in association with cosmetic surgery.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

Dentistry between pathology and cosmetics.

In ancient and medieval times, the prevalence of caries and periodontal disease varied. There were no treatments for dental hard tissue, but dental cosmetics played an important role. In the late 19th century, caries levels reached a maximum in Europe and North America after refined sugar became a cheap staple food. Toothlessness became frequent even in young adults. Caries prevention, effective on a public health scale, began with the introduction of water fluoridation in the 1940s. By 1985, dental academia had acknowledged that substantial declines could also be obtained in entire populations through topical fluorides, mainly in toothpastes. While decreasing caries prevalence is irrefutable in affluent countries, the specific reasons of the decline are still a matter of debate. In countries where caries has declined substantially, activities of dentists are shifting towards cosmetic dentistry. However, caries continues to be a problem for the lower socioeconomic strata, even in affluent countries, and is a serious problem in developing countries. Thus, water fluoridation is still important, and salt fluoridation should be considered where water fluoridation is not feasible. Both measures are extremely cheap to implement. Controlled fluoridation has a great potential for developing countries and low social strata of affluent countries. Its reduced effectiveness in high socioeconomic strata of affluent countries, due to the widespread usage of fluoride in toothpastes and other oral care products, should not detract from the public health value of fluoridation.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed2006

Cosmetic orbital surgery.

PURPOSE: Current indications for orbital surgery primarily aimed at improving cosmesis are considered in the context of subspecialist orbital practice by an ophthalmologist. SCOPE: Thyroid eye disease, orbital vascular anomalies, and dermolipomas are common orbital diseases in which the symptoms can be purely cosmetic. Accurate anatomical awareness, preoperative scanning, control of medical factors including smoking and thyroid status, and endoscopic techniques have all contributed to the aesthetic outcome of orbital surgery. The threshold for performing reconstructive orbital surgery has also been lowered by public demand. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital surgeons can therefore offer the familiar techniques, such as orbital decompression, for pure cosmesis. Sensitive history taking and awareness of the psychological element are of paramount importance for the orbital surgeon who develops a cosmetic practice.

Decompression, Surgical↗
PubMed1998

Demographic features of patients seeking cosmetic surgery.

The demographic features of 415 patients seeking cosmetic surgery were investigated from a psychiatric point of view. Of the 415 patients, 198 (47.7%) were found to have mental disorders according to ICD-10 including: 17 with schizophrenia, 20 with other persistent delusional disorders, 33 with depressive episode, 47 with neurotic disorders, 42 with hypochondriacal disorder, five with paranoid personality disorder and 14 with histrionic personality disorder. The rate of subjects with poor social adjustment was 56.0%. It was noteworthy that such a considerable number of patients with mental disorders or with poor social adjustment had sought cosmetic surgery. Distinct gender differences were found: male subjects were characterized to have a greater number of mental disorders, especially dysmorphophobia (other persistent delusional disorders plus hypochondriacal disorder) and showed the narrow age range between teenage and young adult age when they were preoccupied with their 'deformity', and poor social function. A history of frequent operations was not considered to be an indicator for mental abnormality. The diagnostic issue in dysmorphophobia is briefly described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The physical basis of cosmetic defects of the nail plate.

Cosmetic defects of the nail cover a range of changes. Some are variants of normal which are considered unattractive, others are part of the normal ageing process and some changes are manifestations of local or systemic disease. Interpretation of these changes relies on recognition of the specific characteristics in question and an understanding of the anatomy and biology of nails. In many instances, therapies are limited and explanation of the changes represents one of the most useful contributions the professional can make to the affected individual. This article covers some of the most common cosmetic defects of nail involving colour, surface, brittleness and behaviour of surrounding tissues. Understanding of the physical basis of these defects is limited in many cases, but current thinking is recorded.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Cosmetic color improvement of the nipple-areola complex by optimal use of tretinoin and hydroquinone.

BACKGROUND: A successful treatment to improve the color of nipple-areola complex (NAC) has never been reported, although the number of women seeking the more attractively colored NAC is not small. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of our bleaching protocol for cosmetic improvement of the NAC. METHODS: The protocol was composed of two phases: bleaching phase (4-8 weeks) and healing phase (4-6 weeks). 0.2-0.4% tretinoin aqueous gel was applied concomitantly with 5% hydroquinone, 7% lactic acid ointment for bleaching twice a day. Tretinoin was applied to the NAC with a small cotton applicator, while hydroquinone was widely applied beyond the NAC area. After obtaining sufficient improvement in NAC color, the application of tretinoin was discontinued and hydroquinone alone was continually applied in the healing phase until the reactive erythema was eliminated. Fifteen female patients were involved in this study. RESULTS: The average treatment period was 16.6 weeks. Improvement of NAC color was obtained in 12 patients (80%) by the physician's estimation, and 11 patients (73%) satisfied with their final results. The treatment was repeated after a 1-month interval of tretinoin application in 4 patients: 2 desired further improvement in color, and 2 had the second course conducted to treat the postinflammatory hyperpigmentation on the surrounding mound induced by the first course. CONCLUSION: This approach appeared to be most effective for cosmetic improvement of NAC color among treatments available so far.

Administration, Cutaneous↗