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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The use of guided tissue regeneration to facilitate ideal prosthetic placement of implants.

Placement of implant fixtures in an ideal position for restoration is not often possible using standard protocol, because most patients lack sufficient bone in the alveolar process. To facilitate ideal restorative placement of implant fixtures, principles of guided tissue regeneration can be used to provide adequate bone and prevent dehiscence and fenestration of the implant. Four cases of such treatment are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphological examinations of hard tissues of periodontium and evaluation of selected processes of lipid peroxidation in blood serum of rats in the course of experimental periodontitis.

The problem of teeth loss as a result of periodontitis is growing continuously. In the study we aimed to show the correlation between the disease and lipid metabolism disorders. We performed morphological examinations of hard tissues of rats' periodontium in the course of experimental ligature-induced periodontitis and we demonstrated the destruction of alveolodental ligament. The following changes were observed: degenerative changes including necrosis within periodontium, progressive destruction of bone mass of alveolar process of the mandible in the region of inflammatory infiltration. Simultaneously, biochemical examinations of blood serum were performed revealing decrease of basic antioxidant enzymes activities: SOD, GSH-Px, GSH-R with simultaneous increase of MDA--the final product of lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Alveolar ridge augmentation by osteoinductive materials in goats.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether alveolar ridge augmentation could be induced in goats. In 12 male goats allogenic, demineralized, and lyophilized dentin or bone was implanted subperiosteally on the buccal sides of the natural edentulous regions of the alveolar process of the mandible. Light microscopic evaluation revealed fibrous encapsulation, a few multinuclear giant cells, little inflammatory reaction, and no osteoinduction. It was concluded that no osteoinduction took place in goats.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed2003

Maxillary bone growth and implant positioning in a young patient: a case report.

The literature supports the efficacy of osseointegrated implants for partially edentulous patients, but care must be exercised in adolescents with incomplete bone formation. Implants do not follow the normal growth of the jaws, and they behave like ankylosed teeth. They may also interfere with the normal growth of the alveolar process and jeopardize the germs of the adjacent permanent teeth or alter eruption. This case report analyzes the unfavorable clinical and radiographic findings of a single-tooth replacement in a young male over a 15-year period.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1999

The influence of alveolar bone grafting on the orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate.

The introduction of mixed dentition bone grafting of alveolar clefts means that the alveolar process can be fully restored, permitting adjacent teeth to migrate or be orthodontically moved into the grafted bone. Thus a complete dental arch can be obtained without prosthodontics in the great majority of patients. In addition, oral-nasal fistulae are closed, mucosal recesses eliminated (facilitating oral hygiene) and the long-term periodontal health of the teeth adjacent to the former cleft is improved. Alveolar bone grafting with subsequent orthodontic treatment, together with advances in dental materials, have contributed substantially to the care of patients with alveolar clefts, reducing the need for prosthodontic procedures and allowing completion of the dental treatment at an earlier age.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Zygomatic implants using the sinus slot technique: clinical report of a patient series.

PURPOSE: The management of 5 patients with extreme maxillary atrophy and treatment consisting of maxillary fixed prostheses supported by conventional implants and zygomatic fixations positioned according to the sinus slot technique is reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 16 conventional implants were placed, together with 2 pterygoid implants and 10 zygomatic fixations. In 2 cases zygomatic fixation could not be performed on the alveolar ridge, thus requiring palatal displacement. One patient presented nasogenian ecchymosis. The fixed rehabilitations were either screwed or cemented after 5 to 6 months. RESULTS: Follow-up from implantation lasted 12 to 18 months, during which the prostheses and implants remained stable and in function. DISCUSSION: The placement of zygomatic fixations based on the sinus slot technique offers advantages over the conventional technique, though extreme atrophy of the alveolar processes does not allow fixation at the supracrestal level, and complications may develop. CONCLUSION: While zygomatic fixation is a valid alternative for treating the atrophic jaw, long-term studies are required to confirm its efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Oral implants in combination with bone grafts. A 3-year retrospective multicenter study using the Brånemark implant system.

A retrospective, multicenter, Scandinavian study of bone grafting of alveolar processes of severely atrophic jaws in combination with implant insertion was conducted with 150 patients. Five different grafting techniques were assessed: local or full onlay; inlay; combination of onlay/inlay grafts; and LeFort I osteotomies. The majority of the patients were treated using a one-stage approach (n = 125) and all had autogenous bone grafts. A total of 781 Brånemark implants were inserted, of which 624 were placed in bone grafts and alveolar bone. Twenty-five patients (17%) dropped out during the follow-up period of three years. Within the remaining patients, 77% of the inserted implants (n = 516) were still in function at the end of the follow-up period. A further ten implants were kept mucosa-covered, resulting in an overall implant survival rate of around 80%. Onlays, inlays and LeFort I osteotomies showed almost the same success rates (76-84%), whereas the onlay/inlay technique gave rise to less favourable results (60%). Most of the observed losses (n = 131) took place during healing and the first year of loading. More implants were lost when they were inserted simultaneously with the grafting (23%) than when they were placed in a second stage (10%). The latter technique was used mainly in combination with local onlay grafting (16/25). The failure percentage for implants inserted in non-grafted bone (11%) was lower than for those inserted in bone grafts and alveolar bone (25%). The surviving implants of treated and followed patients served, in 88% of the cases (n = 110), to support fixed bridges or overdentures, albeit, in some instances (n = 23), after additional implant placement. In only 15 patients was it necessary to fall back on conventional removable prostheses or fixed partial bridges.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The gingival margin incision as the surgical approach in cleft jaw osteoplasty--the technic, the healing process and postoperative complications].

Marginal incision became a common surgical approach in periodontal surgery because of its good healing results. Since 1983 we use this incision for bone grafting in cleft palate patients. Out of 120 cleft palate patients which had marginal incision for bone grafting, 9 developed local dehiscence, 3 times in combination with partial loss of the cancellous bone transplant. We saw one total loss of the transplant caused by infection. The good results of primary wound healing, the absence of horizontal scars and the possibility of mobilisation of epithelium from the cleft region to cover the transplant with mucosa from the alveolar process are the advantages of this procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Theoretical motivations of fluorine incorporation into the complex therapy of parodontosis.

The results of experiments on dogs with periodontal disease have proved the following: 1. Mobility of calcium in the jaws and skeleton occurs in periodontal disease. 2. The body of the mandible plays a particular role in the compensatory mineralization of the alveolar process. 3. There is a discernible increase in fluorine content in pathologically affected zones of jaw bones. 4. Small doses of fluorine are able to increase calcium deposition in jaw bones. Clinical proof has been obtained of the beneficial influence of fluorine in the complex treatment of periodontal disease, which is manifest in the retention of calcium and fluorine in the organism. The ability of fluorine to substitute for calcium in resorption of the alveolar margin and to stimulate calcium deposition in jaw bones provides theoretical support for the recommendation to incorporate small doses of fluorine into the complex therapy of periodontal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Assessment of the sinus lift operation by magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVES: Vertical bone loss in edentulous maxillary alveolar processes may necessitate a sinus lift before the placement of dental implants. We have measured and assessed maxillary sinuses meticulously before the operation and evaluated the postoperative results of the operation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Thirteen edentulous maxillary regions in eight patients were included in the study. The patients were examined 1 week before and 3 months after the sinus lift operations using a 1.5 T superconductive MR imager that gave oblique sagittal T2-weighted images with slices 2 mm thick without a gap. RESULTS: The images that were obtained 3 months after the sinus lift operations confirmed that vertical height had increased. CONCLUSION: We obtained high quality images without any artefacts during a short examination period with a high-resolution scanner. The results showed that it is possible to assess the maxillary sinus before the sinus lift and to evaluate the postoperative results using MRI accurately in three dimensions without the risk of radiation. This makes MRI a suitable alternative to computed tomography (CT).

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Rare courses of the mandibular canal in the molar regions of the human mandible: a cadaveric study.

The inferior alveolar artery, vein and nerve send some branches to the molar teeth via the mandibular canal to the mental foramen. The present study attempted to define the presence and course of the mandibular canal in the mandible with the alveolar process by macroscopic cadaveric dissection and computerized tomography (CT) in order to provide information that might prevent injuries to vessels and nerves at risk during root canal treatment. We identified the position of the mandibular canal within a 30% ratio of the distance from inferior border of mandible to the apices of the root for 39 out of 131 sides (mesial root of first molar, 20%; distal root of first molar, 22.6%; mesial root of second molar, 27.8% and distal root of second molar, 47%) on panoramic X-ray observation. In one cadaver (male, 64 years old), the root apex of the second molar was in close proximity to the upper bony mandibular canal. Macroscopic dissection and computerized tomography showed that the main trunks of the inferior alveolar artery, vein, and nerve were in tight contact with the apex of the second molar. These observations of the anatomic course of the mandibular canal will be important to consider during root canal treatment of mandibular teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Significance of profile prognosis in implant management of the atrophic maxilla].

Postoperative cosmetic results in soft tissue after combined surgical and prosthetic treatment of the extremely atrophic edentulous maxilla by maxillary advancement, sinus lift, and insertion of enosseous implants are rarely considered during preoperative planning. In a prospective study that began in 1993 in 23 patients, the treatment concept was determined by a medical rapid prototyping model and video imaging to predict the soft tissue profile, taking into consideration the appearance of the front teeth. In eight patients, the surgical and/or the prosthetic concept was modified according to the treatment plan decided on with the patient. All patients were highly satisfied with the aesthetic and functional result achieved. Profile prediction using video imaging is a useful tool in planning rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla and takes into account the interplay of various factors--the amount of maxillary advancement, the direction of insertion of enosseous implants, and the type of supraconstruction. This procedure shows a very high level of acceptance by patients.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1997

Quantitative measurement of volume changes induced by oral plastic surgery: validation of an optical method using different geometrically-formed specimens.

The purpose of this research was to study the validity and variability of a projection Moiré system, measuring volume differences of geometrically different formed specimens mimicking localized alveolar ridge defects. Nine pairs of specimens were fabricated, each of which simulated a preoperative ridge defect and a corresponding surgically-corrected postoperative ridge defect. All specimen pairs had a mathematically defined form which allowed the accurate assessment of their volume differences by a mechanical 3-D coordinate measuring machine or by a software-controlled milling machine. Measurements achieved with these methods were used as the references for comparison. Six specimen pairs, A1 to A6, possessed a simple rectangular geometrical form which facilitated their fabrication. Three specimen pairs, B1 to B3, were milled and consisted of geometrically more complex 3-D sculptured surfaces, which came closest to a true imitation of a localized ridge defect. An optical measurement system in the form of the projection Moiré was utilized, applying a 4-phase shift technique, and results obtained with this device were regarded as test volumes. The absolute variability of the test volume measurements differed between 0.397 mm3 to 15.872 mm3, corresponding to a relative variability of 0.83% to 2.83%. The mean of the relative variability was within 1.68% for the "A" specimens and 2.15% for the "B" specimens. However, the difference was not significant, probably due to the limited number of "B" specimens. The systematic error of the Moiré measurements in relation to the reference methods was surprisingly low, ranging from -0.12 mm3 to 7.67 mm3. The relative systematic error, expressed as a percentage of reference volume, ranged between 0.06% and -2.23%. The mean of the relative error for the more complex "B" specimens was 1.37%, which was less accurate in comparison to the more simply formed "A" specimens with a relative systematic error of 0.35%. Therefore, in this in vitro model it was possible to measure volume differences of geometrically different formed specimens, mimicking localized alveolar ridge defects, with a validity within 2.2% and with a variability of less than 2.8%.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of dental CT imaging in dental implantology.

The jaw has traditionally been evaluated by dentists and oral surgeons using conventional panoramic and intraoral films. During the past decade, dental computed tomography (CT) has become the method of choice for preimplantation assessment of jaw anatomy. This has urged the radiologist to take a more active role in evaluating the jaw. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with knowledge that should facilitate him to evaluate implant sites, dental related inflammatory diseases and augmentation procedures on dental CT scans.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2000

Tooth wear and compensatory modification of the anterior dentoalveolar complex in humans.

In populations living in environments where teeth wear severely, some compensatory modification of the dentoalveolar complex is thought to occur during life whereby functional occlusion is maintained as tooth substance is lost by wear. This study investigates one aspect of this modification process: Changes in the anterior dentoalveolar complex that are accompanied with wear were examined in a series of Japanese skeletal samples. In the prehistoric Japanese hunter-gatherer population heavy wear occurs over the entire dentition. The following changes were demonstrated to have occurred in the anterior segment of the dentition accompanied by wear on the anterior teeth: The anterior teeth tip lingually with wear up to a nearly upright position to fill in interproximal spaces that would have been generated by wear, and to maintain contact relations between adjacent teeth. At the same time, the anterior surface of the maxillary alveolar process also inclines lingually to a certain extent. The amount of lingual tipping is greater in the maxillary anterior teeth than in their mandibular antagonists. It is because of this discrepancy that, with age, the horizontal component of the overlap between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth decreases, and their bite form changes from scissor bite to edge-to-edge bite. Lesser degrees of lingual tipping of the anterior teeth were also detected in the prehistoric agriculturists and historic Japanese populations. The variation in the degree of lingual tipping observed among the samples is explained by inter-population variation in severity and pattern of tooth wear. This and other evidence suggests that mechanisms that compensate for wear in the anterior dentition may be characteristic of all living human populations, independently of the degree of wear severity endured in their environments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Imaging of periimplant bone levels of implants with buccal bone defects.

The aim of the present study was to use four different methods to evaluate three radiographic techniques for their accuracy in assessing the marginal periimplant bone levels at implants with buccal bone defects in an experimental setting. Twenty-four implants were placed in the mandibles of six adult beagle dogs with substantial buccal bone defects, which were augmented by bone particles with and without resorbable membranes. After healing for 5 months, (1) periapical radiographs, (2, 3) reformatted images in (2) sagittal and (3) coronal planes from axial computer tomography (CT) scans and (4) direct magnification images (DIMA) were made and compared with histometric analysis of bone levels. Two values were used for comparison: (i) the lingual bone level and (ii) the true bone level calculated as a mean value from the lingual and the buccal bone levels of all histologic sections of each implant. Metric evaluation of periapical radiographs, sagittal reformation of CT scans and DIMA showed that the results were close to the histometrically assessed lingual bone level, while the true bone level was significantly lower and not reflected by any of the imaging modalities. Coronal reformation showed that there was significant overestimation of the lingual and underestimation of the buccal bone level when compared with histometric values. It is concluded that assessment of bone level and bone regeneration in implants with buccal bone defects remains problematic, and data from periapical radiograms tend considerably to overestimate the bone anchorage of these implants.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerized tomography-assisted calculation of sinus augmentation volume.

PURPOSE: This study was intended to calculate the augmentation volume for a sinus lift procedure based on cross-sectional computerized tomography (CT) scans for 2 different augmentation heights. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on area calculations of cross-sectional CT scans, the volume of additional bone needed was calculated for 44 sinus lift procedures. The amount of bone volume needed to raise the sinus floor to heights of both 12 and 17 mm was calculated. RESULTS: To achieve a sinus floor height of 12 mm, it was necessary to increase the height by a mean of 7.2+/-2.1 mm (range, 3.0 to 10.5 mm), depending on the residual ridge height; to achieve a height of 17 mm, a mean of 12.4+/-2.0 mm (range, 8.5 to 15.5 mm) was required (P < .01). The calculated augmentation volume for an augmentation height of 12 mm was 1.7+/-.9 cm3; for an augmentation height of 17 mm, the volume required was 3.6+/-1.5 cm3. Increasing the height of the sinus lift by 5 mm, ie, from 12 mm to 17 mm augmentation height, increased the augmentation volume by 100%. A significant correlation was found between augmentation height and the calculated sinus lift augmentation volume (r = 0. 78, P < .01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Detailed preoperative knowledge of sinus lift augmentation volume is helpful as a predictive value in deciding on a donor site for harvesting autogenous bone and on the ratio of bone to bone substitute to use. Calculation of the augmentation size can help determine the surgical approach and thus perioperative treatment and the costs of the surgery for both patients and clinicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Atrophy of the mandible and maxilla as complication of treatment and healing of jaw fractures].

The authors discuss in the light of literature data the causes of bone atrophy and report two own cases of extensive atrophy of the mandible and atrophy of the maxilla developed during treatment of their fractures. Parallel mandibular atrophy in a patient aged 67 years was observed 3 years after surgical union of fractured fragments of the edentulous mandible with metal plates. The cause of atrophy is related by the authors to prolonged malnutrition of the patient who had partial gaestrectomy 24 years earlier, and his failure to observe the suggested mandible immobilization during the required length of time. Considerable degree of maxilla atrophy in a 34-year-old man developed during treatment of a Le Fort III maxilla fracture. The atrophy affected mainly the apical base of the alveolar process, and it was observed 4 months after fracture. The cause was not systematic, prolonged without informing the stomatologist, and excessive traction was exerted by the rubber band in the chin-sling used for the treatment of the fracture. The treatment used in this case permitted to restore in the maxilla the proportions of bone structures approaching the normal ones.

Adult↗