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Inhibition of aluminium toxicity by magnesium and citric acid in tobacco tissue culture.

Using tobacco callus tissues the authors studied the antagonism of magnesium and aluminium, and the inhibition of aluminium toxicity by magnesium and citric acid, as expressed by their effect on growth and alkalod content. In response to an increase in the concentration of MgSO4 in the culture medium the fresh weight of the cultures significantly increased, while with an increase in Al2(SO4)3 growth decreased, 2 mM causing a high degree of inhibition. The toxic effect of aluminium was less marked when Mg was present at a concentration higher by an order (antagonistic inhibition). When citric acid was added to the culture medium, promoting complex formation with Al, the toxic effect of Al was not apparent. The nicotine content of the tissues was in each case inversely correlated with the magnitude of biomass formation.

Alkaloids↗

Encephalopathy and seizures induced by intravesical alum irrigations.

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a significant toxic effect of cyclophosphamide therapy. Continuous bladder irrigation of a 1% alum solution is a simple and generally safe method of chemical cautery to treat the bleeding urothelium. We report four cases of encephalopathy coincident with elevated aluminum levels as well as one patient who developed seizures while receiving continuous bladder irrigations with alum. All patients had significant renal insufficiency. We recommend the cautious use of alum irrigation in patients with renal impairment and monitoring of serum aluminum levels to prevent excessive accumulation and toxicity.

Administration, Intravesical↗

An improved method for defluoridation.

Fluoride is a naturally occurring toxic mineral present in drinking water and the root cause of many diseases and disorders. Present international drinking water standard set by World Health Organisation (WHO) for fluoride is 1.5 ppm. In order to find the wide spread concentration of fluoride in drinking water of fluoride contaminated aquifer, 30 bore well water samples have been collected from different villages of Natrampalli Union which comes under Tiruvannamalai Circle, Tamil Nadu, India. In the present work, an attempt to remove fluoride by the use of coagulant, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) was made and is compared with the most common existing technique "Nalgonda Technique" where there was a reversible reaction. The coagulant used in Nalgonda technique is Alum [(Al2SO4)3]. Results of the present work show that Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) can be an effective coagulant for the removal of fluoride from water with a higher removal efficiency of about 75 - 85% in less detention time and also observed that the fluoride removal was dependent on initial fluoride concentration and dose of coagulants.

Alum Compounds↗