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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

A selective history of groin hernia surgery in the early 19th century. The anatomic atlases of Astley Cooper, Franz Hesselbach, Antonio Scarpa, and Jules-Germain Cloquet.

One of the most important eras in the evolution of groin hernia surgery is that of the early 19th century. It was a time when cadaver dissections and diverse clinical studies culminated in a more thorough anatomic understanding of the inguinal canal. For reasons cloaked in permanent historical uncertainty, the style of hernia textbook publishing also dramatically changed at the turn of the 19th century when sumptuous anatomical atlases, exemplified by those of Astley Cooper, Franz Hesselbach, Antonio Scarpa, and Jules-Germain Cloquet, began to appear. Characterized by the presence of numerous detailed engravings these texts were expensive to publish and often had limited print runs. The publishing history and clinical impact of these now rare hernia tomes are analyzed in this article.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed2001

New strategies for embedding, orientation and sectioning of small brain specimens enable direct correlation to MR-images, brain atlases, or use of unbiased stereology.

We present a newly developed brain slicing machine and technique for tissue embedding, which enable orientation of fresh or fixed brain tissue from small laboratory animals, in any given position, and subsequent tissue sectioning into slabs with an optional thickness between 0.5 and 20 mm. The oriented tissue slabs may be analysed directly, or processed further on a cryostat or vibratome, into thin stainable histological sections, and aligned to MR-images or brain atlases, depending on the reference used for the initial orientation. Additionally, we describe a new embedding medium (HistOmer) which is an alginate cold polymer ready for instant use after mixing with water. HistOmer allows accurate positioning of the tissue during embedding, and at the same time supports and protects the embedded tissue during sectioning. HistOmer is, therefore, described comprehensively and compared with other commonly used embedding media. This novel slicing technique may also, as illustrated, be used to perform isotropic random orientation of the embedded tissue, before sectioning into tissue slabs of the same thickness. The technique thereby fulfills the requirements for optimal tissue sampling and preparation needed for an unbiased stereologic analysis.

Alginates↗
PubMed2000

The "Atlas of genetics and cytogenetics in oncology and haematology" on the internet and a review on infant leukemias.

The "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology" (URL: http://www.infobiogen.fr/services/chromcancer) is a database devoted to chromosome abnormalities in cancer, cancer-prone diseases, and genes involved in cancer. The information is concise and updated. This database is made for and by cytogeneticists, molecular biologists, clinicians in oncology and hematology, and pathologists, who are encouraged to contribute. The database is herein presented, together with an example concerning congenital leukemias.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

The NCI-atlas of dose distributions for regular 125I brain implants.

In connection with the development of an optimization method for 125I brain implants in irregularly shaped target volumes, a systematic study was conducted toward optimizing seed configurations for regular target volumes. The intention was to find basic rules for the positioning of strings of seeds in the cylindrical implant pattern of the stereotactic neurosurgical procedure in use, and in accordance with the following criteria: (i) steep dose fall-off outside the target volume; (ii) coverage of the target volume by making the prescribed dose surface coincident with the target volume surface within 1 mm; (iii) uniformity of the dose distribution in the target volume as far as achievable with a seed implant. As a result of this study, an atlas of optimized regular 125I brain implant configurations was compiled. Regular implants were understood as being cylindrical or spherical. Diameters and heights from 2 to 5 cm were covered.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1999

Atlas of obstetric and gynecologic emergencies.

Obstetric emergencies are rarely photographed. They often occur late at night when all personnel are involved in life-saving maneuvers, precluding the opportunity to record graphic representation of the pathology. Included in this atlas are several such cases.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1999

Automated Talairach atlas-based parcellation and measurement of cerebral lobes in children.

This study applied a Talairach-based automated parcellation method, originally proposed for adults, to the measurement of lobar brain regions in pediatric study groups. Manual measures of lobar brain regions in a sample of 15 healthy boys, girls and adults were used initially to revise the original Talairach-based grid to increase its applicability to pediatric brains. The applicability of the revised Talairach grid was then tested on an independent sample of five girls with Rett syndrome. As Tables 3 and 4 in the text demonstrate, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values either remained unchanged or increased as a result of revising the sectors to fit the brains of children. High levels of sensitivity and specificity were achieved for all revised Talairach-based calculations in relation to the manual measures. Both positive predictive values and intraclass correlations between volumetric measures produced by the revised automated and manual methods varied with the relative size of the brain region. Values were relatively low for smaller structures such as the brainstem and subcortical region, and high for lobar regions. These results suggest that the automated Talairach atlas-based parcellation method can produce sensitive and specific volumetric measures of lobar brain regions in both normal children and children with brain disorders. Accordingly, the method holds much promise for facilitating quantitative pediatric neuroimaging research.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Regional differences in the characteristics and treatment of patients participating in an international heart failure trial. The Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival (ATLAS) Trial Investigators.

AIMS: This study was designed to determine regional differences in patient characteristics and medication use among patients entered into an international heart failure trial. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data for this analysis were derived from the Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival Study (ATLAS), a prospective randomized comparison of high- and low-dose therapy with lisinopril in patients with New York Heart Association class II, III, or IV chronic heart failure, which enrolled 3164 patients in 291 centers in 19 countries on 3 continents. Information was collected at baseline concerning patient demographics, etiology of heart failure, accompanying conditions, prior revascularization procedures, and medication use. The primary findings were a lower incidence of ischemic cardiomyopathy in southern and western Europe, more frequent diabetes in North America, and a greater use of coronary revascularization in the United States and Canada. There was substantial variation in medication use, particularly with regard to digoxin, anticoagulants, and amiodarone. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is considerable overlap in guidelines concerning the treatment of heart failure issued by authorities in Europe and North America, there are significant regional variations in medication use. Some, but not all, of these differences can be explained by differences in patient characteristics.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Image registration via level-set motion: applications to atlas-based segmentation.

Image registration is an often encountered problem in various fields including medical imaging, computer vision and image processing. Numerous algorithms for registering image data have been reported in these areas. In this paper, we present a novel curve evolution approach expressed in a level-set framework to achieve image intensity morphing and a simple non-linear PDE for the corresponding coordinate registration. The key features of the intensity morphing model are that (a) it is very fast and (b) existence and uniqueness of the solution for the evolution model are established in a Sobolev space as opposed to using viscosity methods. The salient features of the coordinate registration model are its simplicity and computational efficiency. The intensity morph is easily achieved via evolving level-sets of one image into the level-sets of the other. To explicitly estimate the coordinate transformation between the images, we derive a non-linear PDE-based motion model which can be solved very efficiently. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on a variety of images including synthetic and real data. As an application of the PDE-based motion model, atlas based segmentation of hippocampal shape from several MR brain scans is depicted. In each of these experiments, automated hippocampal shape recovery results are validated via manual "expert" segmentations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A molecular phenotype atlas of the zebrafish retina.

The rasborine cyprinid Danio rerio (the zebrafish) has become a popular model of retinal function and development. Its value depends, in part, on validation of homologies with retinal cell populations of cyprinine cyprinids. This atlas provides raw and interpreted molecular phenotype data derived from computationally classified sets of small molecule signals from different cell types in the zebrafish retina: L-alanine, L-aspartate, L-glutamine, L-glutamate, glutathione, glycine, taurine and gamma-aminobutyrate. This basis set yields an 8-dimensional signature for every retinal cell and formally establishes molecular signature homologies with retinal neurons, glia, epithelia and endothelia of other cyprinids. Zebrafish photoreceptor classes have been characterized previously: we now show their metabolic profiles to be identical to those of the corresponding photoreceptors in goldfish. The inner nuclear layer is partitioned into precise horizontal, bipolar and amacrine cell layers. The horizontal cell layer contains at least three and perhaps all four known classes of cyprinine horizontal cells. Homologues of cyprinid glutamatergic ON-center and OFF-center mixed rod-cone bipolar cells are present and it appears likely that all five classes are present in zebrafish. The cone bipolar cells defy simple analysis but comprise the largest fraction of bipolar cells, as in all cyprinids. Signature analysis reveals six molecular phenotypes in the bipolar cell cohort: most are superclasses. The amacrine cell layer is composed of approximately equal 64% GABA+ and 35% glycine+ amacrine cells, with the remainder being sparse dopaminergic interplexiform cells and other rare unidentified neurons. These different amacrine cell types are completely distinct in the dark adapted retina, but light adapted retinas display weak leakage of GABA signals into many glycinergic amacrine cells, suggesting widespread heterocellular coupling. The composition of the zebrafish ganglion cell layer is metabolically indistinguishable from that in other cyprinids, and the signatures of glial and non-neuronal cells display strong homologies with those in mammals. As in most vertebrates, zebrafish Müller cells possess a high glutamine, low glutamate signature and contain the dominant pool of glutathione in the neural retina. The retinal pigmented epithelium shows a general mammalian signature but also has exceptional glutathione content (5-10 mM), perhaps required by the unusually high oxygen tensions of teleost retinas. The optic nerve and the marginal zone of the retina reveal characteristic metabolic specializations. The marginal zone is strongly laminated and its nascent neurons display their characteristic signatures before taking their place in the retina proper.

Amacrine Cells↗
PubMed1988

Anatomical-functional correlation using an adjustable MRI-based region of interest atlas with positron emission tomography.

A procedure is described for combining anatomical information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT) and functional information from positron emission tomography (PET) in a rapid fashion. MRI data are combined with a procedure for the definition, storage, and recall of anatomically based regions of interest. An atlas of standard regions of interest, defined for a set of 18 parallel planes spaced at 6-mm intervals, provides an initial region of interest template for each patient slice. Global adjustments to scale, orientation, and position are applied to obtain an initial match. Individual regions of interest may then be moved, deleted, or redrawn as needed. The ability to store region of interest templates ensures reproducibility of analysis over long periods and introduces a standardization of analysis technique. In 25 brain structures, the mean coefficient of variation in cerebral glucose utilization rate (CMRGlc) measurements among five neuroanatomically trained observers was reduced from 8.1% for manual region of interest definition to 4.0% using the template approach with MRI. Template analysis for space-occupying lesions such as tumors or infarcts is illustrated with PET data from a stroke study, emphasizing the facility for rapid, reproducible analysis of multifunctional studies. MRI-PET matching for a structurally intact caudate nucleus having reduced CMRGlc in Huntington's disease emphasizes the accuracy of anatomical localization required to quantify small structures.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Human chromosome 21 gene expression atlas in the mouse.

Genome-wide expression analyses have a crucial role in functional genomics. High resolution methods, such as RNA in situ hybridization provide an accurate description of the spatiotemporal distribution of transcripts as well as a three-dimensional 'in vivo' gene expression overview. We set out to analyse systematically the expression patterns of genes from an entire chromosome. We chose human chromosome 21 because of the medical relevance of trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome). Here we show the expression analysis of all identifiable murine orthologues of human chromosome 21 genes (161 out of 178 confirmed human genes) by RNA in situ hybridization on whole mounts and tissue sections, and by polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription on adult tissues. We observed patterned expression in several tissues including those affected in trisomy 21 phenotypes (that is, central nervous system, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and limbs). Furthermore, statistical analysis suggests the presence of some regions of the chromosome with genes showing either lack of expression or, to a lesser extent, co-expression in specific tissues. This high resolution expression 'atlas' of an entire human chromosome is an important step towards the understanding of gene function and of the pathogenetic mechanisms in Down's syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

An atlas of ferroptosis-induced secretomes.

Cells undergoing regulated necrosis systemically communicate with the immune system via the release of protein and non-protein secretomes. Ferroptosis is a recently described iron-dependent type of regulated necrosis driven by massive lipid peroxidation. While membrane rupture occurs during ferroptosis, a comprehensive appraisal of ferroptotic secretomes and their potential biological activity has been lacking. Here, we apply a multi-omics approach to provide an atlas of ferroptosis-induced secretomes and reveal a novel function in macrophage priming. Proteins with assigned DAMP and innate immune system function, such as MIF, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and chaperones, were released from ferroptotic cells. Non-protein secretomes with assigned inflammatory function contained oxylipins as well as TCA- and methionine-cycle metabolites. Interestingly, incubation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with ferroptotic supernatants induced transcriptional reprogramming consistent with priming. Indeed, exposure to ferroptotic supernatants enhanced LPS-induced cytokine production. These results define a catalog of ferroptosis-induced secretomes and identify a biological activity in macrophage priming with important implications for the fine-tuning of inflammatory processes.

Ferroptosis↗
PubMed2026

A functional atlas of transposon-encoded products and their integration into host networks.

Transposable elements (TEs) are pervasive genomic components that propagate via self-encoded factors, yet the nature, regulation, and function of these factors remain largely unresolved. Here, we integrated extensive long- and short-read transcriptome data, regulatory network analyses, deep proteomics, and structural predictions to construct a comprehensive atlas of TE products in Arabidopsis. We show that TE expression is embedded within host regulatory circuits, with DNA methylation and transcription factors jointly shaping TE transcriptional activity. Proteomic analyses confirm the production of over a hundred of high-confidence TE-encoded proteins, and structure-guided analyses of the transcript-informed TE proteome predict previously uncharacterized structural folds, multimerization capacity, and host protein interaction potential. Structural alignments further uncover cryptic homologies between TE-encoded proteins and host factors, including cases of domestications and co-options. Together, our study reveals the functional integration of TEs into cellular pathways and underscores the role of TEs as active drivers of genome function and innovation.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2026

A single-cell atlas of multiple myeloma defines malignant archetypes and proliferative states.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma-cell malignancy with extensive genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity, limiting disease classification and precision therapy. Here we generated a clinically annotated, population-scale, single-cell atlas of MM from 341 individuals spanning the disease and treatment continuum. We identified five recurrent malignant transcriptional archetypes and an orthogonal proliferative program associated with genomic features, therapeutic resistance and clinical outcomes. Validation in the independent CoMMpass cohort demonstrated robustness, prognostic relevance and portability across platforms. We developed a single-cell, target-discovery pipeline prioritizing malignant enrichment, cell-type specificity and tissue restriction, identifying FCRL2 as a plasma-restricted or B cell-lineage-restricted surface target expressed by malignant plasma cells. FCRL2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells demonstrated antigen-specific activity in vitro and survival benefit in vivo. Together, these data provide a clinically actionable blueprint for patient stratification and precision target nomination in plasma-cell malignancies.

Multiple Myeloma↗
PubMed2003

The estimation of food portion sizes: a comparison between using descriptions of portion sizes and a photographic food atlas by children and adults.

BACKGROUND: Food Photographs and standard portion sizes have been used with adults to assess portion size when recording dietary intake. The effectiveness of these methods may be reduced when memory/recall is required and children may have problems using these techniques. METHODS: Adults (47) and children (37) were recruited from amongst university personnel, their children and children's friends to assess portion sizes of nine self-served amounts of selected food items using food photographs and standard descriptions of portion sizes. Portion sizes were estimated directly after self-serving and three - 4 days later. RESULTS: Substantial differences in the estimate of portion sizes were observed for most foods regardless of the method used or the age of the subjects, median difference range: -52-100%. For children there were greater errors using both methods than for adults. Significant differences were found between the two methods of estimating weight. The food atlas provided higher median estimated weights for the majority of the food items. There were very few differences in the estimation of portion sizes between the two testing periods. CONCLUSION: The findings would suggest that either an alternative method or a modification of the methods used here for estimating portion sizes in young subjects, for example standard food portion sizes for children of different ages such as those that are being developed by the Food Standards Agency, would be more appropriate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Light reflexes of the fundus oculi. Paper on an atlas which appeared under this title in Russian by A.M. Vodovozov].

This atlas is the first publication dealing with the clinical significance of the light reflexes of the fundus. The mechanism and the conditions for the occurrence of light reflexes in ophthalmoscopy are described. A classification of the light reflexes is presented, dividing them into normal and pathologic groups. The normal light reflexes - foveolar, macular, areal, paravasal, streaks of light on the vessels - and their abnormal variations in different diseases of the fundus are described. The pathologic light reflexes - fanlike, focal, peripapillary, linear, stationary, metallic, crystalline - and their diagnostic significance are discussed. Practical recommendations are given for assessing pathologic changes in the retina and the optic disk from the appearance of the light reflexes. Finally the manifestation of light reflexes as a characteristic of some diseases of the fundus is pointed out.

Fundus Oculi↗
PubMed2005

A human protein atlas for normal and cancer tissues based on antibody proteomics.

Antibody-based proteomics provides a powerful approach for the functional study of the human proteome involving the systematic generation of protein-specific affinity reagents. We used this strategy to construct a comprehensive, antibody-based protein atlas for expression and localization profiles in 48 normal human tissues and 20 different cancers. Here we report a new publicly available database containing, in the first version, approximately 400,000 high resolution images corresponding to more than 700 antibodies toward human proteins. Each image has been annotated by a certified pathologist to provide a knowledge base for functional studies and to allow queries about protein profiles in normal and disease tissues. Our results suggest it should be possible to extend this analysis to the majority of all human proteins thus providing a valuable tool for medical and biological research.

Antibodies↗