[Computer-related pathology. New patients for primary care].
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Adult↗
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Results for “ASTHENOPIA”
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The relationship between ciliary muscle fatigue and the type of artificial light used to illuminate the area of visual work.
The relationship between the degree of eye fatigue resulting from visual work and type of light source used to illuminate the field of work was assessed. The tests were performed using artificial light sources: fluorescent lamps, incandescent lamps, high pressure mercury (vapour) and high pressure sodium (vapour) lamps. The assessment was performed on two groups of 10 women each, of which one included women without, and the other with, refraction errors. On the basis of changes of nearer vision point and dispersing lens tolerance, it was found that sodium light produced the highest visual fatigue in the test women, especially in those with refraction errors.
Adult↗
[The clinical trial of a prototype of the new LAR-2 serially produced laser optometer].
Based on results of clinical trials of a new commercial laser optometer LAR-2, the authors suggest methodologic recommendations for ametropia diagnosis making use of this apparatus. The new device can adequately solve the major refraction problems: express diagnosis of ametropia, specification of the optimal vision correction in selection of eyeglasses, assessment of dynamic refraction. LAR-2 was found useful in the treatment of vision fatigue and amblyopia. A conclusion is made about diagnostic and clinical fitness of LAR-2 laser optometer; some minor shortcomings of the device are to be eliminated.
Adolescent↗
[Tactile sensitivity of the bulbar conjunction and of the cornea in cilio-accommodative hypermetropic patients in a state of/cilio-accommodative fatigue].
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Accommodation, Ocular↗
Fatigue effects during a single session of automated static threshold perimetry.
PURPOSE: To determine using a routine clinical program the time course of the fatigue effect in both eyes at a given examination, the influence of rest periods during the examination, and the differences in the fatigue effect between persons with ocular hypertension and age-matched normal subjects. METHODS: Perimetry was undertaken for both eyes of 20 normal persons and 20 persons with ocular hypertension using Program G1X (Interzeag AG, Schlieren, Switzerland) of the Octopus 1-2-3 perimeter. Global mean defect and loss variance were calculated for each of the eight individual stages and global SF was calculated for stages 5 to 8. The superoinferior and nasotemporal hemifield indices and those for within and beyond 17 degrees eccentricity were calculated separately to investigate the locus of the fatigue effect. RESULTS: Group mean mean defect and loss variance deteriorated over stages (P < 0.001) and between eyes for both groups (P < 0.001; P < 0.004). The deterioration in the mean defect was more marked peripherally (P < 0.001) and inferiorly with age and group (P < 0.001) whereas the localized loss was more pronounced peripherally (P < 0.001), superiorly (P < 0.010) and nasally (P < 0.001). A 1-minute break during the examination of a given eye and a 3-minute break between eyes was insufficient to overcome the fatigue effect. The performance of the two groups was almost indistinguishable. CONCLUSIONS: The deterioration in the visual field indices mean defect and loss variance challenges the currently accepted ideal length of a perimetric examination with the conventional algorithms. Confidence limits for the definition of abnormality with these algorithms should reflect the presence of the fatigue effect and be different for the second eye.
Aged↗
[Computer display work and rest position of the vergence system].
Subjects with different characteristics of the vergence system resting state (close or distant resting vergence, large and small increase upon depression of the eyes) worked with a VDU in a relatively high and a relatively low position for 1 1/2 hours. The directions of gaze were about -5 degrees and -35 degrees below the horizontal. A shorter observation distance was chosen with the lower VDU position than with the higher one, and it increased during the course of the work. In the high VDU position the increase was particularly strong for subjects with a distant resting vergence. The discrepancy between the angle of convergence during visual work and the resting vergence was larger in subjects with a distant resting vergence than in subjects with close one, and it was larger with the higher than with the lower VDU position (except in subjects with a minimal effect of eye depression on resting vergence). However, corresponding differences in visual fatigue as assessed by means of a questionnaire could not be found. Nevertheless the majority of subjects preferred the low VDU position. A number of additional consequences of a low VDU position support the conclusion that it would be advantageous for many users to tilt the display backward and to sink it below the level of the table surface.
Adult↗
Fluorescent lighting and eyestrain.
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Asthenopia↗
A comparison of the ocular tolerability of a single dose of timolol and levobunolol in healthy normotensive volunteers.
Subject acceptance of a single dose of timolol and levobunolol was compared in a three-center, double-masked, randomized, crossover study in healthy normal subjects. We tested 115 subjects who received the medications OU, in a random order, separated by a washout period of three to seven days. At the end of the administration, the subjects were asked to report any symptoms and were monitored by ophthalmologic examination. Those receiving levobunolol reported a two- to threefold higher frequency of symptoms than did those receiving timolol (P = .0002, by Mainland-Gart chi-square test). Thirty-five subjects (30.4%) treated with levobunolol complained of burning versus 14 (12.2%) receiving timolol (P = .0021). Similar results were obtained in regard to stinging (31 versus 10 subjects; P = .0011). The duration of these symptoms did not differ between the two groups (P > .05). Timolol induced considerably less burning and stinging on day 1 compared with levobunolol, using a visual analog scale over time (P = .0004). Seventy-nine percent of those stating a preference chose timolol (P < 3 x 10(-9).
Adult↗
Fatigue effect within 10 degrees visual field in automated perimetry.
We studied the effect of fatigue within a 10 degree visual field measured with automated perimetry in normal volunteers (10 eyes), patients who have recovered from optic neuritis with multiple sclerosis (10 eyes), and patients with glaucoma (10 eyes). Using an Octopus 201, the visual field was tested with Program 61, which was centered (0.0), and 25 test locations were determined three times. Eight of the 25 points were selected for the evaluation. The mean sensitivity of the eight points was compared among the three measurements. Normal subjects and patients with optic neuritis showed no effect of fatigue within the 10 degrees visual field, but the patients with glaucoma indicated fatigue during the third measurement.
Adolescent↗
Visual comfort in VDT workstation design.
This study aims to give recommendations for a comfortable visual display terminal (VDT) workstation design by investigating physiological resting states of the eye in 3 experiments. Dark vergence, in experiment 1, was evaluated to be at a distance of about 50 cm from the eye as an average of 14 subjects. Dark vergence was found to shift farther with an upward gaze while a nearer shift occurred with a downward gaze. In experiment 2, the average dark focus for 11 subjects was found to be 1.4 diopters (D) or a distance of about 74 cm from the eye. Experiment 3 ascertained the superiority of a positive display polarity (dark characters on a bright background) under 500 1x illuminated level, by using pupil size analysis in 10 subjects. The ergonomic recommendations for a VDT workstation obtained in this study are a positive display polarity under regular lighting condition, a downward gaze, and a viewing distance between 50 and 70 cm.
Adult↗
[The conditioning of the N100-P200 component of the human visual evoked potential by using biofeedback].
Subjects were instructed to modify their N100-P200 component of VEP (in Cz recording) within selected time window. The aim was to increase the number of VEPs for which the amplitude of segment in question exceeded the definite threshold. The success in task performance suggests several modifications of the to-be-conditioned segment through different mechanisms. Of our 26 subjects, 14 were able to modify their VEPs according to the task demands. However, the latter subjects could be divided into 2 groups on the basis of the rate of increase in the number of correct responses under conditioning. Subjects which did not succeed in task performance could be also classed into 2 groups: one group with statistically negligible changes and the other decreasing the number of correct responses. ANOVA has shown significant distinctions in task performance for the groups with different levels of self-estimation of tiredness after experiment and different personal strategies. The success in task performance is likely to be dependent on the values of Eysenck questionnaire scales and topography of alpha activity.
Analysis of Variance↗
[Organization of the pleoptic treatment of asthenopic children in a special boarding school].
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Adolescent↗
[Eye-strain symptoms after work with a computer screen].
BACKGROUND: In a laboratory arranged according to ergonomic rules, the influence of the work with screen monitor computer on the visual function was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Visual efficiency before and after one-hour reading of a text from monitor was compared in 60 persons. There was 50 women and 10 men, aged 22-47. The research scheme comprised 10 trials. RESULTS: After work with the monitor, the most important changes were the following: diminished power of accommodation, removal of the near point of convergence and deviation of phoria for near vision. Statistical analysis, using Wilcoxon's test revealed significant differences between the results achieved before and after work concerning accommodation and convergence (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that weakness of these important visual functions could be the cause of eye-strain in computer operators.
Adult↗
Computers and eyestrain.
Computer video display terminals have revolutionized the home and office work habits of millions of people. Although no verifiable organic ocular diseases have been shown to derive from computer monitors, symptoms related to eyestrain are very common. Some 10% to 15% of patients presenting for routine eye exams complain of computer-related headache and eyestrain. Comprehensive ocular examination including distance, intermediate and near refraction, as well as uncovering evidence of ergonomic and lighting inadequacy, often is clinically quite helpful. A careful eye exam with particular attention to middle and near range refraction, oculomotor balance, the workstation, lighting, and seating comfort will assist measurably in alleviating eyestrain.
Asthenopia↗
The use of yoked base-up and base-in prism for reducing eye strain at the computer.
BACKGROUND: Eye strain continues to be one of the chief complaints of people working at video display terminals. The increase in extorsion observed on elevation of gaze at near point may induce binocular disruption and strain. Binocular base-up and base-in prism might mitigate some of the visual complaints of computer users because they decrease the elevation and convergence required. A double blind study of 30 computer users indicates a significantly greater preference for a lens combining prism and plus power than for plus lenses having no prism.
Adult↗
[Visual function of automobile drivers during the workday].
Peculiarities of drivers' work require visual strain. The studies prove considerable changes in accommodation (value of absolute and resources of relative accommodation), muscular balance, visual performance in correction test, that prove visual fatigue of automobile drivers, especially aged 20 to 30.
Accommodation, Ocular↗
Measurement of pupillary unrest in eyestrain.
Using a computer-assisted infrared optometer with a pupillometer, we studied pupillary unrest in 20 eyes of 20 patients suffering from eyestrain, and 20 eyes of normal controls. The eyestrain patient group had smaller mean pupil area than the control group (29 mm2 vs 38 mm2; P < 0.01); showed prominent pupillary unrest, and had an increased mean coefficient of variation (CV) of the pupil area (9.2% vs 3.4%; P < 0.001). Long-duration waves of pupillary unrest (> 1 second) were frequently recorded in this group, but not in the control group. The patient group also had a significantly higher dark focus of accommodation than the control group (1.1 D vs 0.4 D; P < 0.01). These findings suggest that abnormal parasympathetic excitation of the iris and/or ciliary muscle may be a factor in the etiology of eyestrain.
Accommodation, Ocular↗