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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Susceptibility to different tick genera in Gambian N'Dama and Gobra zebu cattle exposed to naturally occurring tick infestations.

Tick collection on one side of the body and whole tail was performed weekly over one year on 11 Gambian N'Dama (Bos taurus) and 11 Gobra zebu (Bos indicus) cattle to assess breed susceptibility to naturally occurring ticks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was also performed to assess the serological prevalence of Anaplasma marginale antigen and Babesia bigemina antibody. Packed red cell volume was measured and liveweight gain was recorded. Significantly higher numbers of Amblyomma variegatum (P < 0.002) and Hyalomma spp. (P < 0.001) were found on Gobra zebu than on N'Dama cattle. The serological prevalence of A. marginale antigen was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in N'Dama breed, whilst no difference in the serological prevalence of B. bigemina antibody was found between N'Dama and Gobra cattle. Packed red cell volume was negatively affected by A. marginale infection in both breeds, but to a lesser extent in N'Dama cattle. Liveweight gain was significantly (P < 0.003) higher in N'Dama in comparison with Gobra cattle during the period of abundance of A. variegatum and Hyalomma spp. adults. The significantly lower burdens of A. variegatum and Hyalomma spp. ticks in Gambian N'Dama in comparison with Gobra zebu cattle confirms previous findings. It also shows a more deleterious effect of ticks and tick-borne diseases on animal production and health in Gobra zebu than in N'Dama cattle. The presence of a tick resistant trait in N'Dama cattle is suggested.

Anaplasmosis↗
PubMed1988

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using solubilised antigen for detection of antibodies to Anaplasma marginale.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies against Anaplasma marginale. A marginale bodies were separated from parasitised erythrocytes by a modified nitrogen decompression method, sonicated, then solubilised with Triton X-100 and used as the ELISA antigen. In this ELISA system the required amount of antigen protein was 16.2 ng for each well. In the course of experimental infections, of calves, significant antibody levels were detected by ELISA and the complement fixation test (CFT) at almost the same time. Antibodies against A. marginale were detectable for longer periods using the ELISA than using the CFT. Sera from calves infected with Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B. ovata, Theileria sergenti and Eperythrozoon wenyoni gave no reaction; however, antisera against A. centrale did react with the A. marginale ELISA antigen.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1977

Tick-borne diseases of domestic animals in northern Nigeria. II. Research summary, 1966 to 1976.

During the first 10 years of its existence, the Department of Parasitology and Entomology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Nigeria, confirmed or described for the first time the occurrence of 25 different tick-borne parasites of domestic animals in the northern part of the country. Most of these organisms occur as inapparent infections but may serve as complicating factors in any adverse host condition. The transmission of Babesia bigemina by Boophilus decoloratus, Cowdria ruminantium by Amblyomma variegatum, and Borrelia anserina and Aegyptianella pullorum by Argas persicus was confirmed under Nigerian conditions.

Anaplasmataceae↗
PubMed1996

Integrated tick and tick-borne disease control trials in crossbred dairy cattle in Malawi.

Crossbred dairy heifers on a farm in an East Coast fever (ECF) endemic area in Malawi were immunised against Theileria parva, Anaplasma spp., Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Cowdria ruminantium. They were treated at infrequent intervals with chlorfenvinphos to limit infestation with adult ticks, without providing complete tick control. In one trial, which tested a threshold dipping regimen, 20 heifers were dipped only once in 6 months to control a flush of Boophilus microplus. Unimmunised controls showed serological evidence of exposure to T. parva and B. bigemina, and one died of ECF, but there were no incidents of tick-borne disease in the immunised group. In a second trial, which tested a strategic dipping regimen, 107 animals were dipped 9 times over a 6 month period. Despite heavy challenge by B. bovis and moderate challenge by B. bigemina and Anaplasma spp. demonstrated serologically, there was only a single clinical case of babesiosis. The observations provide encouragement for the introduction of integrated tick and tick-borne disease control programmes in improved cattle in ECF endemic areas.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Susceptibility of Bos indicus crossbred and Bos taurus cattle to Anaplasma marginale infection.

The effects of infection with Anaplasma marginale in groups of Bos indicus-Brahman crossbred and Bos taurus cattle aged 27 and 48 months were studied using the parameters of body weight change, packed cell volume, parasitaemia and humoral antibody. Twenty-six animals (8 Bos taurus and 18 Bos indicus crosses) of each age group were infected. No significant differences between any of the groups were observed.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1980

Bovine babesiosis in northern Mexico.

The occurrence of Boophilus microplus infections accompanied by bovine babesiosis was confirmed for 2 locations in northern Mexico. The confirmation at one location was made by transferring whole blood to a splenectomised calf which subsequently developed an acute Babesia bovis infection. Examination of thin blood smears from a suspect animal at the second location revealed B. bovis-infected erthrocytes. A serological survey of other herd members at both locations showed antibody activity against both Babesia and Anaplasma spp.

Anaplasmosis↗
PubMed1992

Indigenous and crossbred cattle--a comparison of resistance to ticks and implications for their strategic control in Zimbabwe.

A comparison of the tick resistance of indigenous Mashona and crossbred Afrikander x Sussex oxen following natural tick infestation indicated that significantly more African blue ticks Boophilus decoloratus were found on the crossbred than the indigenous cattle (P < 0.05). The two groups of cattle were exposed to Babesia bigemina and Theileria taurotragi as indicated by high antibody titres on the indirect fluorescent antibody test, but no antibodies could be demonstrated to Anaplasma marginale and T. parva bovis despite the presence of their vectors. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Hyalomma truncatum and H. marginatum rufipes showed a seasonal distribution. The implications of the findings in terms of strategic tick control are discussed.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1991

Crossprotective immunity between the Florida and a Zimbabwe stock of Anaplasma marginale.

Cattle immunised by infection with the Florida stock of Anaplasma marginale were protected against subsequent homologous challenge, as demonstrated by complete prevention of microscopically detectable parasitaemia. Identically immunised cattle were partially protected against challenge with the Norton, Zimbabwe stock of A. marginale as determined by the significant prolongation of the prepatent period, a significantly lower peak parasitaemia, and a significantly lower percentage drop in haemoglobin concentration when compared to non-immunised calves challenged identically. The partial protection induced by live Florida stock immunisation demonstrates that while protection-inducing epitopes are shared between the two stocks, induction of complete immunity against a Zimbabwe stock may require alternative presentation of Florida stock epitopes or inclusion of additional Zimbabwe stock epitopes in the immunogen.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1997

Observations on the treatment of natural haemosporidia infections by total alkaloid of Peganum harmala L. in cattle.

Eighty two cattle naturally infected with haemosporidians were treated with total alkaloid hydrochloride of Peganum harmale L. (0.5 mg/kg/day). Fifty eight cases with Theileria sergenti showed a cure rate of 86%; thirteen cases with Theileria annulata showed a cure rate of 85%; eight cattle infected with Babesia bigemina showed a cure rate of 88% and three cases of Anaplasma marginale were completely cured. The results suggested that the curative effect of total alkaloid of P. harmale was better than that of diminazene aceturate and produced minimal side effects. The alkaloid could also be administered to pregnant animals. It was concluded that the total alkaloid of P. harmale showed a marked effect as a treatment for haemosporidican infections in cattle.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2004

[Tick-borne human pathogenic microorganisms found in Europe and those considered nonpathogenic. Part II: Bacteria, parasites and mixed infections].

The importance of tick-borne diseases has significantly increased objectively and subjectively during the last few years. This fact was demonstrated by the description of tick-borne viruses, in particular with respect to tickborne encephalitis published in part I. Here in part II, tick-borne bacteria and parasites will be discussed as well the significance of these agents, their vectors, clinical course, diagnostics, prophylaxis, and therapy. Naturally, Lyme borreliosis, one of the most important tick-borne bacterial illnesses of humans, is the center of our interest. In addition to basic understanding, critical practice-relevant advice regarding all agents is presented. Similarly all tick-borne bacterial diseases such as relapsing fever, tularemia, ehrlichiosis, and rickettsiosis including Q fever will be discussed. Tick-borne zoonotic babesiae are parasites whose veterinary importance has been known for the last 100 years but whose relevance for human medicine only became evident in 1957. The fact that multiple and mixed infections caused by ticks are possible has been known for years. Taking into account such a high prevalence of the infectious agents in ticks, such multiple infections were to be expected. During the last few years it has become evident that double and multiple infections of humans caused by tick bites occur far more frequently than has been known so far. As a result, in cases of unclear anamnesis,new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches should be taken. In general one can say that considerable additional scientific research is necessary to effectively reduce the incidence of tick-borne diseases.

Anaplasmosis↗
PubMed1996

Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferative responses in cattle infected with or vaccinated against Anaplasma marginale.

An assay was developed for measurement of the peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferative response (PBLPR) in cattle infected with or immunised against Anaplasma marginale. PBLPR was not evident in all cattle that had recovered from A. marginale infection. However, A. marginale-sensitised lymphocytes were detected in the spleens of all immune cattle tested in the absence of detectable PBLPR. During the course of initial infection, cattle exhibited detectable PBLPR for a period corresponding with and up to 2 weeks after patent parasitaemia, followed by a second, usually larger peak in PBLPR corresponding to the time of sub-clinical relapse of cattle. Analysis of the PBLPR of A. marginale chronically infected cattle demonstrated highly variable PBLPR between individuals and over time. A positive PBLPR was induced in cattle by vaccination using a crude A. marginale antigen preparation. The PBLPR of vaccinated cattle subsequently infected with A. marginale was markedly different from that of naive cattle, with reduced PBLPR being associated with the onset of parasitaemia. The antigen used in the PBLPR assay was inactivated by proteolysis. Proteolysis also abolished immunity that had been induced in cattle vaccinated using the antigen preparation. A marginale-sensitised PBL did not proliferate in response to antigen from the heterologous species A. centrale. A. centrale-sensitised PBL, however, responded to A. marginale antigen. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detected in PBLPR-assay supernatants and was associated with a strong PBLPR.

Anaplasma↗