Mammary neoplasia after in vitro x-irradiation of mammary tissue.
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Studies have been made on the growth and cell population kinetics of a spontaneous rat mammary fibroadenoma and of 10 successive transplantation passages. The volume doubling time decreased from about 30 days in the primary tumour and first two transplants to 1·7 days in the tenth transplant. This acceleration was accompanied by a considerable shortening of the mitotic cycle and of its S and G(1) phases but without change in the proportion of time spent in S. There was also a reduction in the apparent extent of cell loss and a considerable increase in the growth fraction. Histological changes were noted and studies by feulgen densitometry indicated a considerable shift in ploidy from hyperdiploid to hypertetraploid. The results constitute a detailed example of the effect on tumour growth kinetics of serial transplantation.
The interconversion of tritium labelled oestrone and oestradiol-17β has been investigated in human breast tumours maintained in organ culture for 3 days. Benign tumours were significantly different from scirrhous carcinomata both in the concentration of radioactivity taken up by the tissue and in the ratios of oestradiol-17β/oestrone achieved. The fact that malignant tumours were able to convert oestrone to oestradiol-17β is of interest in view of the relatively high plasma levels of oestrone in post-menopausal women.
Immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, IgM) have been estimated in protein extracts of 55 malignant and 20 benign tumours of the breast, and in 17 normal tissues from a cancer bearing breast. IgA and IgG were significantly reduced in cancer compared with both benign and normal tissues but IgM, detected in only a third of tumours, was significantly increased. Total immunoglobulin levels and IgG in the malignant tumours correlated with plasma cell infiltration.The menstrual status of the patient had no influence on these findings.
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The incidence of tumours ectopically producing the human chorionic gonadotrophins was studied in patients with breast cancer. Specific radioimmunoassay of subunits of HCG was utilized. Nine out of 65 patients with carcinoma of breast showed the presence of circulating HCG. Patients with other pathological conditions of breast tissue did not show any evidence of circulating HCG.