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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Radiological diagnosis in proven intraabdominal abscess formation: a comparison between plain films of the abdomen, ultrasonography and computerized tomography.

Plain films of the abdomen, ultrasonography, and computed tomography were performed on 180 patients to rule out an intraabdominal abscess. The efficacy of the different modalities was reviewed in retrospect. Thirty-six of these 180 patients had a definite abscess formation. This was demonstrated in 65% of the plain film examinations, in 44% by ultrasonography, and in 94% by computerized tomography. Computed tomography seems efficient in ruling out abdominal abscess.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Torsion of an accessory spleen presenting as an acute abdomen with an inflammatory mass. US, CT, and MRI findings.

Torsion of an accessory spleen is extremely rare. Only seven cases in children have been reported in the literature. This entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen associated with an intraperitoneal inflammatory mass. This report describes a 10-year-old boy with severe abdominal pain and a mass that was found to be due to infarction of an accessory spleen that had twisted on its pedicle. Magnetic resonance imaging taken at two different times was helpful in detecting an inflammatory mass, while ultrasonography and computed tomography indicated only the presence of an intraperitoneal mass.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1982

Acute abdomen masquerading as acute retention.

Urologists should remain constantly alert for patients with acute abdominal emergencies who may be admitted under their care with the erroneous diagnosis of acute retention. These cases are not uncommon. The patients may be suffering from suppression of urine, or their inability to pass urine may be the predominant symptom of their intra-abdominal catastrophe. When catheterization has yielded only a small amount of concentrated urine and has failed to relieve the patient's discomfort, think of an acute abdomen, investigate this possibility and treat the patient accordingly.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1995

Castleman's disease of the abdomen and pelvis: report of three cases and a review of the literature.

Three cases of Castleman's disease (CD) of the abdomen and pelvis are reported. Tumoral lesions were located in the lymph nodes of the head of the pancreas, the gastropancreatic fold, and around the left iliac artery. Histologically, all the tumoral lesions demonstrated the hyalinevascular type of CD. This unusual presentation made CD difficult to diagnose preoperatively, since these lesions more closely resembled malignant tumors on computed tomography and angiography. We discuss the problems of diagnosing and classifying CD, together with a review of the literature.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

A set of double-angled needle holders and long, angled tissue forceps for use in surgery of the abdomen.

A set of double-angled needle holders and long, angled tissue forceps have been designed and presented for use in surgery of the abdomen. The problems of passage and control of curved needles in all directions is well recognized. The marriage of design and presentation addresses the mechanical and anatomic needs of surgeons in the pelvis, subdiaphragmatic area, and in large and obese patients. Multiple variables in use provided by these instruments, particularly when used together, enhance surgical control at problem sites.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leiomyoma of the cecum presenting as an acute surgical abdomen: report of a case.

This is a case of a benign leiomyoma of the cecum that perforated the bowel wall and manifested as an acute surgical abdomen. The literature was reviewed and the lesion was found to be uncommon. Clinical pictures may vary, but a colonic mass of this nature should be treated as a cancer, as it is not usually possible to distinguish benign from malignant lesions preoperatively.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1991

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the scarred abdomen.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is rapidly becoming the definitive method for treating symptomatic gallbladder stones. Previous upper abdominal surgery is a relative contraindication to this technique. We describe a method for safely placing the trocars in a scarred abdomen, thus facilitating laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a wider group of patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1998

[Acute abdomen in endemic sprue--a rare complication].

BACKGROUND: The celiac sprue, a small intestinal disease usually becoming apparent by a malabsorption syndrome, is caused by gluten respectively gliadin intolerance which leads to intestinal mucosal damage finally resulting in complete villous atrophy. CASE REPORT: A propos of the case of a 60-year old woman with an uneventful course of celiac sprue of many years we report about a rare complication of this disease. Investigating recurrent attacks of abdominal pain a barium contrast examination revealed an intestinal stenosis which clinically resulted in an acute abdomen finally requiring surgery. Histologically a chronic ulcerative jejunoileitis was found. The main differential diagnosis is a malignant intestinal lymphoma, this however couldn't be found. Regarding this differential diagnosis surgical removal of the diseased parts of the bowel is the therapy of choice. Because of the possible transition from ulcerative jejunoileitis to intestinal lymphoma a postoperative close follow-up is recommended.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour presenting as acute abdomen.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) has many modes of presentation. This is the first reported GIST presenting as an acute abdomen. METHODS: A man presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of acute appendicitis. Examination under anaesthesia revealed a mass. At laparotomy a strangulated mass was found originating from the greater curve of the stomach. Subsequent histopathology confirmed this to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumour, probably of a benign nature. Post-operative investigations did not show any metastatic spread. CONCLUSIONS: GISTs arise from the gastrointestinal tract, omentum, and mesentery. Presentation is generally non-specific and it is rare for them to present acutely. Management should include staging to exclude any metastatic spread.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1997

Contrast enhancement for the abdomen and pelvis.

A "quadraphasic" imaging technique is described for imaging malignancies of the abdomen (liver, kidneys and pancreas). With this technique images are acquired during four different phases relative to the administration of contrast agent: pre-contrast (baseline), during the capillary (arterial, pre-sinusoidal) phase, during the portal (sinusoidal) phase, and during the extracellular (delayed) phase. A brief summary of the kinds of malignancy that are best imaged during each of these phases is presented. Finally, comments are presented on the use of gadolinium-based contrast media for imaging tissues of the pelvis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2004

[Diagnostic and therapeutic management of acute abdomen in Hajah, Yemen].

We report on the results of surgical treatment in 236 patients admitted with clinical signs of acute abdomen between the 1st of January 2000 and the 31st of December 2003 at the District Hospital of Hajah in northwest Yemen. Hajah, a city 2500 m above sea level, has 60,000 inhabitants and serves an area with 800,000 inhabitants. The hospital was funded by the Saudi Arabian government and built in 1997. Data on patients with acute abdominal pain were prospectively collected and analysed according to diagnosis, age, sex, and duration of symptoms. The most frequent cause was acute appendicitis, followed by incarcerated inguinal hernia. Complicated ulcer diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract and gynaecological disorders were also frequently diagnosed. Gunshot wounds were the most frequent trauma. Despite the limited diagnostic equipment at the Hajah District Hospital and the short duration of hospital stay, there was no fatal event during the 1-year period analysed. The management of patients with acute abdominal pain and the ability to arrive at exact diagnosis is dependent on the availability of diagnostic means such as abdominal ultrasound and CT scan. However, especially in rural countries with only rudimentary technology, far more depends on the professional training and qualification of the surgeons responsible.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2006

[Abdominal vacuum device with open abdomen].

BACKGROUND: For the treatment of peritonitis or abdominal compartment syndrome, an open abdomen can be required. Because of the high complication rate associated with this method, different technical modifications were developed that are now being applied. Abdominal vacuum-assisted closure is increasingly favoured. We analyse our experience with this device in a distinct group of patients from gastrointestinal cancer surgery. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From June 2003 to December 2005, 36 patients were treated with 151 double-layer abdominal vacuum devices. Indications for applying this device were peritonitis (n = 22), abdominal compartment syndrome (n = 11), and necrotising fasciitis (n = 3). Thirty-four patients gave anamneses of malignoma. RESULTS: Overall, the vacuum therapy treatment lasted a median of 13 days (range 3-48). With it, four enteric fistulas (11%) and four abdominal wall bleedings (11%) occurred. In our patient group, no new intra-abdominal abscesses were observed. Four patients died during treatment with the vacuum-assisted device and four afterward because of multiple organ failure in acute sepsis (in-hospital mortality 22%). Twenty-six patients (72%) underwent direct fascial closure after a median treatment duration of 10 days. Six patients (17%) required synthetic mesh for fascial closure. After a median follow-up of 100 days, two patients developed ventral hernias and two others showed ossification of the scar. CONCLUSION: Compared with other methods of temporary abdominal closure, our experience with the vacuum-assisted device demonstrates its advantages concerning clinical feasibility and the relatively low complication rate. The high rate of direct fascial closure with an acceptable rate of ventral hernias following vacuum-assisted abdominal closure are further benefits of this technique.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2002

[Acute abdomen in the child].

The acute abdomen in childhood demands early diagnosis for the sake of appropriate and early therapy. A high number of differential diagnosis in the assessment of acute abdominal pain and problems, as well as different causes of diseases in different age of the children, make a partition with respect to the age of the children considerable. A partition in diseases, which are leading to acute abdominal pain in neonates, in toddlers and small infants and in schoolchildren makes sense. In older schoolchildren and adolescents also diseases of the grown up generation are possible as a cause of acute abdominal pain. The lack of compliance (cooperation and communication) in small children obstructs clinical and radiological assessment and elucidates the necessity of knowledge of causes of acute abdominal pain as much as possible. A lot of patience and experience are mandatory in the evaluation of small children and therefore make a dedicated, trained and experienced stuff necessary. A dedicated paediatric radiologist will find a safe and proper technique, and in cooperation with the referring clinician the necessary decision for therapy will be made.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2006

[MRI of the fetal abdomen].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic component for central nervous system and thoracic diseases during fetal development. Although ultrasound remains the method of choice for observing the fetus during pregnancy, fetal MRI is being increasingly used as an additional technique for the accurate diagnosis of abdominal diseases. Recent publications confirm the value of MRI in the diagnosis of fetal gastrointestinal tract and urogenital system diseases. The following report provides an overview of MRI-examination techniques for the most frequent diseases of the abdomen.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1999

[Computed tomography of the abdomen with multidetector-array CT].

BACKGROUND: The advent of multidetector CT (MDCT) constitutes a quantum leap creating a wealth of new opportunities in medical imaging. However, while the basic principles of spiral CT still apply, we are now challenged to rethink our strategies in planning a CT study to take full advantage of the increased capabilities of MDCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report here our preliminary experiences with MDCT for abdominal CT imaging within a 5-month period. During this time, suitable protocols for investigation of the abdomen using MDCT were developed. The capabilities of MDCT allow for tailoring dedicated CT protocols for routine applications as well as for biphasic liver studies and CT angiography of the aorta and abdominal vessels. RESULTS: The speed of MDCT can either be used to reduce the time needed to cover a given volume, or to use narrower beam collimations to increase the resolution of detail along the z-axis and reduce volume averaging. Higher scan speed allows reduction of the amount of contrast material in vascular applications and suppression of motion artifacts. Higher spatial resolution with thinner collimations reduces volume averaging and improves the detection of small hepatic and pancreatic lesions. Detailed analysis of vascular structures and high-quality three-dimensional reformations become feasible. New problems arise from the large amount of data generated by MDCT. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT offers a wealth of new opportunities that help us to come to a fast and accurate diagnosis in suspected abdominal disease. Traditional indications for performing CT are reemphasized and new clinical applications can be exploited.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1998

Necrotizing myofasciitis: an atypical cause of "acute abdomen" in an immunocompromised child.

We report the case of an immunocompromised 15-year-old boy who presented with symptoms mimicking an "acute abdomen" related to necrotizing myofasciitis of the anterior abdominal wall. CT demonstrated the abdominal wall process as the cause of the patient's symptoms and sonographically guided aspiration confirmed the diagnosis. Despite prompt diagnosis and aggressive surgical debridement, the infection continued to progress and the patient died within 24 h of presentation.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2002

SPET/CT image co-registration in the abdomen with a simple and cost-effective tool.

Fusion of morphology and function has been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy in many clinical circumstances. Taking this into account, a number of instruments combining computed tomography (CT) with positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission tomography (SPET) are appearing on the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple and cost-effective approach to generate fusion images of similar quality. For the evaluation of the proposed approach, patients with neuroendocrine abdominal tumours with liver metastases were chosen, since the exact superimposition in the abdomen is more difficult than in other regions. Five hours following the injection of 110 MBq (111)In-DTPA-octreotide, patients were fixed in a vacuum cushion (MED-TEC, Vac-Loc) and investigated with helical CT in a mid-inspiration position ( n=14). Directly following the CT, a SPET study (SPET1) of the abdominal region was performed without changing the position of the patient. A second SPET study (SPET2), 24 h p.i., was acquired after repositioning the patient in his or her individually moulded vacuum cushion. A total of nine markers suitable for imaging with CT and SPET were fixed on the cushion. Datasets were fused by means of internal landmarks (e.g. metastases or margin of abdominal organs) or by the external markers. Image fusion using external markers was fast and easy to handle compared with the use of internal landmarks. Using this technique, all lesions detectable by SPET ( n=28) appeared exactly superpositioned on the respective CT morphology by visual inspection. Image fusion of CT/SPET1 and CT/SPET2 showed a mean deviation of the external markers that in the former case was smaller than the voxel size of 4.67 mm: 4.17+/-0.61 (CT/SPET1; +/-SD) and 5.52+/-1.56 mm (CT/SPET2), respectively. Using internal landmarks, the mean deviation of the chosen landmarks was 6.47+/-1.37 and 7.78+/-1.21 mm. Vector subtraction of corresponding anatomical points of the CT and the re-sampled SPET volume datasets resulted in a similar accuracy. Vector subtraction of the metastases showed a significantly less accurate superimposition when internal landmarks were used ( P<0.001). The vacuum cushion did not affect the image quality of CT and SPET. The proposed technique is a simple and cost-effective way to generate abdominal datasets suitable for image fusion. External markers positioned on the cushion allow for a rapid and robust overlay even if no readily identifiable internal landmarks are present. This technique is, in principle, also suitable for CT/PET fusion as well as for fusions of MRI data with PET or SPET.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR angiography: noninvasive vascular imaging of the abdomen.

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been used to image abdominal vessels less frequently than renal arteries. Until the use of fast contrast-enhanced (CE) techniques, an important limitation was the acquisition time of phase-contrast or time-of-flight imaging and, consequently, the creation of motion artifacts. Recent advances in MRA technology have shortened acquisition times, so it is now possible to obtain successive images in the arterial and then the portal phase. MRA can be used as an adjunct to any MR examination to assess, e.g., the arterial feeding of hepatocellular carcinoma, the encasement of arteries, and segmental portal thrombosis in pancreatic carcinoma. However, MRA has been used mainly to study chronic mesenteric ischemia, portal vein diseases, and complications from liver transplantation. The portal venous system is exquisitely portrayed with this method; MRA is as accurate as digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the diagnosis of portal vein diseases. Acute mesenteric ischemia is an emergency in which computed tomography is the most appropriate imaging modality. Conversely, chronic mesenteric ischemia is best examined with CE-MRA, which is almost as accurate as DSA. CE-MRA is superior to DSA for the simultaneous exploration of the aorta, renal arteries, and iliac arteries, thereby providing a panoramic view of abdominal vascular involvement. MRA can be coupled with measurements of flow. With this functional approach, MRA is the only modality that can completely assess vascular diseases of the abdomen.

Abdomen↗