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Results for “differential analysis”

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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Analysis of differential gene expression in Echinococcus multilocularis larval stages by means of spliced leader differential display.

All parasitic helminths process a large subset of their mRNA molecules via spliced leader trans-splicing. Here we describe a rapid and efficient method, 'spliced leader differential display', to generate comprehensive expression fingerprints of trans-spliced factors on silver-stained acrylamide gels. The method allows systematic screening of the entire trans-spliced transcriptome of parasitic organisms using only minute amounts of starting material. Spliced leader differential display selectively displays 5' end-fragments of trans-spliced messages thus facilitating the identification of associated proteins and the full-length characterisation of corresponding mRNAs. We employed spliced leader differential display to analyse gene expression patterns of in vitro cultivated protoscoleces and metacestode vesicles from Echinococcus multilocularis. These analyses revealed that the majority of trans-spliced mRNAs are expressed at equal amounts in both larval stages whereas about 25% of the identified transcripts displayed stage-specific differential expression. Full-length transcripts for several of the obtained fragments were isolated and their constitutive or differential expression was verified by competitive PCR and Virtual Northern blotting. Spliced leader differential display was further used to identify genes which are induced in the E. multilocularis metacestode stage under growth promoting conditions in the presence of host hepatocytes. One mRNA, encoding a putative member of the epidermal growth factor family of mitogens, was shown to be 10-fold induced upon co-incubation of metacestode vesicles with host cells which indicates a possible involvement of parasite-determined, epidermal growth factor-like signal transduction systems in metacestode proliferation and development. The successful application of spliced leader differential display to gene expression analyses of echinococcal larvae, combined with easy handling and a low rate of false positives, recommends this method not only for studies on the host-parasite interplay during alveolar echinococcosis, but also for investigations on other parasitic organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Oral squamous carcinoma in a patient with cervix cancer: use of human papillomavirus analysis to differentiate synchronous versus metastatic tumor.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer usually spreads by direct infiltration and disseminates by lymphatic and hematogenous pathways. The common sites of distant metastases are the lungs, liver, and bones. Other rare metastatic sites have been previously described including only one case of oral cavity metastasis. CASE: We present here the second case of a patient with apparent oral cavity metastasis from cervical cancer. By cloning specific human papilloma virus (HPV) genomic regions, the two lesions showed HPV genomic sequences from different viruses (18 and 33, for the uterine cervix and the oral cavity, respectively), thus indicating the oral lesion as a synchronous second primary tumor. CONCLUSION: The use of molecular markers to distinguish between a secondary and a primary lesion is recommendable in cervical cancer, particularly when reporting rare site metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Quantitative analysis reveals differential expression of mucin (MUC2) and intestinal trefoil factor mRNAs along the longitudinal axis of rat intestine.

MUC2 and intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) are considered to have important roles in intestinal mucosal protection and epithelial repair. In order to investigate whether these genes are co-ordinately expressed, we have used competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays to measure MUC2 and ITF mRNA levels in human intestinal cell lines and along the longitudinal axis of rat intestine. ITF mRNA was expressed in several intestinal cell lines. However, MUC2 mRNA was detected only in LS174T cells where it was present at approx. 25-fold lower levels than the ITF transcript. In contrast, in rat intestinal tissues, MUC2 mRNA levels were generally higher than ITF mRNA levels. The levels of both transcripts increased markedly during postnatal development. In adult rats, the expression patterns of MUC2 and ITF mRNAs along the longitudinal axis of the small intestine were similar, with lowest levels in the proximal duodenum and relatively constant levels in the other regions assayed. In contrast, the expression patterns of MUC2 and ITF in different regions of the large intestine showed a marked divergence. Our results strongly suggest that expression of the MUC2 and ITF genes is not coordinately regulated in intestinal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

PCR fingerprinting analysis for differentiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae reinfection versus relapse.

Polymerase chain reaction fingerprint profiles of isolates obtained during an episode of pneumococcal pneumonia with bacteremia differed significantly from profiles of isolates obtained from the same patient during a subsequent episode of pneumococcal meningitis with bacteremia. Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting provides a means of differentiating new infection from relapse, and may be a simple molecular tool for comparison of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed2000

Large-scale analysis of differential gene expression in the hindlimb muscles and diaphragm of mdx mouse.

The mdx mouse is an animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is caused by the absence of dystrophin. Mdx limb muscles substantially compensate for the lack of dystrophin while the diaphragm is affected like DMD skeletal muscles. To understand better the complex cascade of molecular events leading to muscle degeneration and compensatory processes in mdx muscles, we analyzed alterations of gene expression in mdx hindlimb and diaphragm muscles as compared to their normal counterparts. The strategy was based on suppression subtractive hybridization followed by reverse Northern quantitative hybridization. Four subtracted/normalized libraries, containing cDNA clones up- or downregulated in mdx hindlimb muscles or diaphragm, were constructed and a total of 1536 cDNA clones were analyzed. Ninety-three cDNAs were found to be differentially expressed in mdx hindlimb muscles and/or diaphragm. They corresponded to 54 known genes and 39 novel cDNAs. The potential role of the known genes is discussed in the context of the mdx phenotype.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Differences in the epidemic rise and decrease of prostate cancer among geographical areas in Southern Europe. an analysis of differential trends in incidence and mortality in France, Italy and Spain.

This is a population-based study aimed at evaluating incidence and mortality trends for prostate cancer in France, Italy and Spain, during the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era, considering elderly people aged 70 years and over and younger adults aged between 40 and 69 years. Trends were estimated by a log-linear Poisson regression model and expressed as an Estimated Annual Percent Change (EAPC). Incidence increased sharply in almost all areas. Spain showed the lowest increases. Incidence started to rise around 1985 in France and after 1990 in Italy and Spain. Mortality increased until the late 1980s in all countries, then declined in France and Italy (-2.5% in 40-69 year age group), but not in Spain. Younger people showed a much higher rise in incidence than the elderly, while mortality decreased mainly in the younger adults. The decrease in mortality was more marked in those areas and the younger age group where the rise in incidence was higher and started earlier, i.e. in France and in younger people, suggesting that the PSA test may have had a positive effect on mortality, although other clinical advances also have to be taken into account.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Genomic analysis of differentiation and demography of the formerly conspecific agile (Dipodomys agilis) and Dulzura (D. simulans) kangaroo rats.

Karyotype variation within Pacific kangaroo rat Dipodomys agilis motivated its division in 1997 into the agile kangaroo rat (AKR, D. agilis, 2N = 62) in the north of its range in California, and Dulzura kangaroo rat (DKR, D. simulans, 2N = 60) to the south, with a suspected sympatric zone south of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains. This division was supported by our whole genome sequencing that sampled a ~120 km transect from north of the mountains to SW Riverside County. The taxa showed marked genetic differentiation, with no evidence of hybridization or sympatry. AKR was found at the southern edge of the mountains, precluding the mountain barrier driving isolation, suggesting ecological separation linked to habitat differences between the mountains and the arid area to the south. Adding four additional Dipodomys species, we estimated genetic divergence times in the genus back to ∼3.5 mya. AKR and DKR diverged from D. stephensi ∼1.7 mya, and from each other ∼0.5 mya, when their joint effective population size (Ne) was ~100,000. After separation, DKR's Ne declined to ~20,000, while AKR's was little changed. More recently their Ne converged at ~50,000. Runs of homozygosity were longer in AKR, indicating a smaller neighborhood size, which may have promoted the karyotype change; however, nucleotide diversity was higher in AKR, but both had levels typical for rodents, indicating neither experienced recent bottlenecks. These patterns provide a baseline for any future conservation efforts. More generally, this study shows how a detailed genomic study can resolve taxonomic and demographic questions among morphologically indistinguishable taxa.

Animals↗