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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparison of healing in the left colon and ileum. Changes in collagen content and collagen synthesis in the intestinal wall after ileal and colonic anastomoses in the rat.

Collagen metabolism was compared after anastomosis in the small and large intestine of rats. Animals were sacrificed 2 and 4 days postoperatively, when three standardized biopsy specimens were taken on either side of the anastomosis. In one group of rats, anastomosis was performed in both ileum and colon and 3H L-proline was given 24 hours before sacrifice, for studies of collagen synthesis. Animal weight, specimen dry weight, collagen concentration, collagen content per standardized biopsy, specific activity of collagen and total radioactivity were measured. Weight loss was greater after colon than after ileum anastomosis, indicating that the rats were more severely affected by colon surgery than by comparable operations on the ileum. Collagen content increased earlier and more in large intestinal than in small intestinal wall. The earlier activation of collagen synthesis in colon may have been related to differences in intestinal contents (e.g. bulk or bacteria).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Permeability characteristics of human jejunum, ileum, proximal colon and distal colon: results of potential difference measurements and unidirectional fluxes.

In order to assess the passive permeability characteristics of the human intestine in vivo, we measured potential difference in the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, and distal colon during perfusion of various test solutions that were designed to establish chemical gradients for sodium or chloride, or both or neither. In addition, unidirectional fluxes of sodium and chloride were measured in 30-cm segments of the jejunum and ileum and entire colon during perfusion of balanced electrolyte solution. These studies indicate that there are marked differences in the pathways for passive ion movement in the areas of the intestine studied. In the jejunum, this pathway appears to be highly permeable to both sodium and chloride with modest cation selectivity. In the ileum this pathway is much more cation selective, predominantly because of a relative impermeability to chloride. In the colon, on the other hand, these passive pathways appear to be more anion than cation selective. The implication of these results for normal transport physiology are discussed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1995

Total colonic mobilization and exteriorization facilitates intra-operative colonic irrigation.

Intraoperative colonic irrigation has become an accepted procedure in the management of left-sided bowel obstruction, making it possible to perform a safe primary anastomosis after resection. However, many surgeons raise objections to the technique because it is a complex procedure to perform on an acutely ill patient and, furthermore, the procedure is time consuming. A modification of the technique initially described by Dudley and his colleagues has already been reported from our hospital and utilizes an irrigation needle and a one-piece disposal sack. During irrigation, the colon requires to be manipulated to encourage the onward flow of faecal contents. Difficulty may be experienced because of the sharp angulation and fixity of the colon at both the hepatic and splenic flexures. Mobilization and exteriorization of the whole colon eliminates this problem.

Colon↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid in colon cancer. International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of Colon Cancer Trials (IMPACT) investigators.

The role of fluorouracil and folinic acid and adjuvant therapy for colon cancer is not clear. We undertook independently three randomised trials to find out the efficacy of fluorouracil and high-dose folinic acid after surgery for Dukes' B and C stage colon cancer. The three studies by the Gruppo Interdisciplinare Valutazione Interventi Oncologia (GIVIO), the National Cancer Institute Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC-CTG), and the Fondation Française de Cancerologie Digestive (FFCD) were pooled for combined analysis. Each trial was multicentre and used the same treatment regimen (fluorouracil 370-400 mg/m2 plus folinic acid 200 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, every 28 days for 6 cycles). A pooled analysis of the results was done on the basis of a previously agreed protocol when there were sufficient events to detect at least a 10% reduction in mortality with 80% power. 1526 patients with resected B (56%) and C (44%) carcinoma of the colon were enrolled and 1493 were confirmed as eligible. 736 were assigned to the treatment group and 757 to the control group. Fluorouracil/folinic acid significantly reduced mortality by 22% (95% CI 3-38; p = 0.029) and events by 35% (22-46; p < 0.0001), increasing 3-year event-free survival from 62% to 71% and overall survival from 78% to 83%. Compliance with treatment was good; more than 80% of patients completed the planned treatment. Side-effects were clinically acceptable with only 1 treatment-related death. The commonest side-effects were gastrointestinal, but severe toxic effects (WHO grade 4) occurred in fewer than 3% of cases. We conclude that fluorouracil plus high-dose folinic acid is a well-tolerated and effective 6-month adjuvant regimen for colon cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Response of colon cancer cell lines to the introduction of APC, a colon-specific tumor suppressor gene.

The APC gene, mutations in which are responsible for the inherited colon cancer syndrome adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), is described as a tumor suppressor gene. A full-length, wild-type APC gene was introduced by transfection into three human colon carcinoma cell lines, each characterized for mutations at loci involved in colon tumor formation. The response of each cell line to the introduction of APC differed with the genotype of the cell line. Some of the cell clones derived from these transfections displayed altered morphologies; some showed suppression of tumorigenicity based on growth in soft agar and tumor formation in nude mice. One cell line, SW480, could not be stably transfected with the APC gene. These results provide the first direct evidence that the APC gene can alter the transformation properties of colon carcinoma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Primary repair of iatrogenic colonic perforations in unprepared colon--a report of five cases.

Primary repair of iatrogenic colonic perforations sustained during pelvic surgery was successfully undertaken in five consecutive cases who did not receive pre-operative bowel preparation. A proximal diverting colostomy was not performed following the repair. There were no instances of intra-abdominal abscess or colonic fistulation. One case developed wound infection. Post-operative recovery in all cases were mostly uneventful with a mean post-operative ileus of four days and a stay of ten days. Primary repair of iatrogenic colonic perforations in unprepared colon can be safely undertaken without a proximal diverting colostomy with acceptable morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Immediate resection-anastomosis after intra-operative colonic irrigation in cancer of the left colon with obstruction].

In a consecutive series of 38 patients over 5 years, who required emergency surgery for obstructing left colonic carcinoma, 24 had primary bowel resection with immediate anastomosis, after intraoperative anterograde colonic irrigation. Complete colonic obstruction was present in all cases. There were 7 Dukes B tumors, 11 Dukes C tumors and 6 Dukes D tumors. The operative mortality was 8.3% (2 patients, with one from anastomotic leakage), anastomotic leakage rate was 4%. Superficial wound infection occurred in 4% of patients. The median postoperative hospital stay was 19.5 days. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a 41% survival rate after 5 years. This technique was found to be safe and effective to perform a primary anastomosis, without requiring temporary colostomies, after emergency resection of selected left colonic carcinoma obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Systemic and colonic venous plasma biochemical alterations in horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion (I-R) of the large colon on 16 systemic venous (SV) and colonic venous (CV) plasma biochemical variables in horses. Horses (n = 24) were randomly allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated (n = 6), 6 h ischemia (n = 9), and 3 h ischemia followed by 3 h reperfusion (n = 9). SV and CV heparinized blood was collected at 0, 1, 3, 3.25, 4, and 6 h. The SV-CV difference was calculated for each variable. The SV, CV, and SV-CV difference for albumin, total protein, and calcium decreased significantly (P < 0.05) across time in horses of all groups, but there were no differences among groups. SV phosphorous was significantly increased from baseline (BL) at 1 to 6 h in horses of all groups, but there were no differences among groups. CV phosphorous was significantly greater than BL from 1 to 6 h in group-2 horses and from 1 to 3 h in group-3 horses. SV potassium was not different among groups, but was significantly higher at 6 h, compared with BL in horses of all groups. CV potassium was significantly greater than BL from 1 to 6 h in horses of groups 2 and 3. SV glucose was greater at 6 h compared with all previous times in horses of all groups, but there were no difference among groups. CV glucose was significantly lower than BL and group-1 values in horses of groups 2 and 3 during ischemia, but returned to BL during reperfusion in group-3 horses. CV anion gap was significantly greater and SV-CV anion gap was significantly more negative in horses of groups 2 and 3, compared with group-1 horses during ischemia. The biologic relevance of these alterations is unknown, but they may contribute to histopathologic, hemodynamic, and metabolic alterations characteristic of low-flow I-R. Alternatively, these alterations may simply reflect colonic injury sustained during I-R. Results suggest that the colon utilizes glucose as a fuel and generates acid anions during low-flow ischemia. Increased CV phosphorous and potassium during I-R likely occurs as a result of leakage of intracellular stores subsequent to cellular damage.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1999

Colonic spasm and pseudo-obstruction in an elongated colon secondary to physical exertion: diagnosis by stress barium enema.

Anatomic and functional abnormalities of the colon are known to cause a variety of abdominal complaints, including constipation, diarrhea, and pain. We describe a patient with dolichocolon (elongated colon) with transient spasm (pseudo-obstruction) associated with exertion. The diagnosis in this case rested with a novel approach and less invasive evaluation of the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diffuse lymphoid follicles of the colon associated with colonic carcinoma.

In four patients aged 59-75 years, colonic carcinoma was associated with diffuse lymphoid follicles in the colon. In one case, the prominence and distribution of the lymphoid follicles corresponded to the progression and regression of the tumor bulk. It is extremely unusual to demonstrate lymphoid follicles, particularly diffuse, on barium enema in patients in this age range. The colonic carcinomas and lymphoid follicles are directly related, possibly representing an immune response.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Should primary anastomosis and on-table colonic lavage be standard treatment for left colon emergencies?

All patients with left colon obstruction or infection admitted under the care of one surgical firm over a 2.5-year period underwent on-table colonic lavage and primary anastomosis. Results were compared with all other similar patients treated during the same period in the same health district (involving a stoma in all cases). No significant difference in perioperative mortality or morbidity between primary anastomosis and Hartmann's groups was demonstrated. Hartmann's procedure necessitated a stoma for over 2 months with an 11% incidence of stoma-related complications. The stoma was not reversed in 25% of cases. Total inpatient stay was an average of 14 days shorter (95% CI 4.7-22.7 days) for primary anastomosis compared with Hartmann's patients. On-table lavage with primary anastomosis should be standard treatment for left colon emergencies.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Primary resection with antegrade colonic irrigation and peritoneal lavage versus subtotal colectomy in the management of obstructed left colon cancer.

Between 1980 and 1996 122 patients with acutely obstructed resectable carcinomas of the colon and rectum were treated in our hospital. Ninety-four has undergone one stage operation of immediate resection and primary anastomosis without proximal colostomy. Intraoperative colonic irrigation was performed in 34 patients, subtotal/total colectomy in 30 patients, right hemicolectomy in 30 patients. There were 2.3 and 1 operative deaths, respectively. The average hospital stay for the survivors was 19.8 days in the primary resection and anastomosis group, and 41.0 days in staged operation group. Concerning the possibility of multiple lesions the authors recommend subtotal/total colectomy except for tumours localized in the sigma where they apply total colectomy only when the proximal part of the colon is necrotized or filled with solid stool.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

The failed intraperitoneal colon anastomosis after colon resection.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to present the incidence of anastomotic leakage after colon resection and intraperitoneal anastomosis for colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the last ten years, 205 patients underwent colonic resection with intraperitoneal anastomosis for colon cancer. The surgical management of colorectal cancer consisted of 66 right hemicolectomies, 3 transverse colectomies, 17 left hemicolectomies, 98 sigmoid colectomies and 21 high anterior resections of the rectum. Diagnosis of leakage was made by clinical features, blood vessel examinations and abdominal CT-scans. RESULTS: Anastomotic leakage occurred in 5 out of 205 patients (2.4%). One of these patients underwent emergency surgery and the other 4 elective surgery; 3 by manual, 2 by mechanical suture. Three patients with anastomotic leakage were reoperated on days 4, 5 and 7, and 2 patients were treated conservatively. Two of the patients (20%) with anastomotic leakage died due to sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the rate of anastomotic leakage in patients with intraperitoneal anastomosis after colon resection for colorectal cancer is low, it remains a significant complication and a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Fluorescence and DOC contents of estuarine pore waters from colonized and non-colonized sediments: effects of sampling preservation.

The influence of the colonization of salt marsh sediments with Halimione portulacoides was evaluated by analysing the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in sediment pore waters from a salt marsh at different depths. Cores of sediments at colonized and non-colonized sites were collected from a coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). The DOC content of extracted pore waters was determined and characterized by synchronous molecular fluorescence (Deltalambda=60nm) and UV-visible spectroscopies. The common practice of freezing sediment cores for further and later chemical investigation was shown not to be an appropriate methodology of sample preservation. On the contrary, freezing of extracted and filtered pore water seemed not to affect either the DOC content or the fluorescence properties of pore waters. Two types of fluorescent substances were found in the pore waters spectra; one corresponding to humic-like substances and another one resembling proteins. However, major differences were found in the spectra of pore waters depending on both depth and the presence/absence of vegetation colonization.

Carbon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic balloon dilation of colonic and ileo-colonic Crohn's strictures: long-term results.

The long-term effects of endoscopic dilation of colonic or ileo-colonic Crohn's disease strictures were analyzed. In 18 patients with a Crohn's disease-related low gastrointestinal stricture, the stenosis was dilated using through-the-scope (TTS) balloon catheters. A dilation to a diameter of 18 mm was always attempted. Treatment was successfully carried out in 16 patients, and was followed by immediate symptomatic relief in 14 patients. Long-term success was observed in nine patients. There were no complications. Balloon catheter dilation of a colonic stricture or stricture of an ileo-colonic anastomosis was found to be safe and effective. This treatment modality can be an alternative to surgery in a selected group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Further studies on the inhibition of colonization of the chicken alimentary tract with Salmonella typhimurium by pre-colonization with an avirulent mutant.

Oral administration to newly hatched chickens or to chicks up to 5 days of age with an avirulent, rough, spectinomycin-resistant mutant of Salmonella typhimurium strain F98 inhibited the colonization of a nalidixic acid-resistant mutant of the same strain administered by the same route 1 day later. The second strain passed rapidly through the alimentary tract and persisted in the caeca of only a few chickens. Resistance to colonization did not develop until 24 h after inoculation of the first strain but was still evident if the second strain was inoculated up to 7 days later. Resistance occurred in 5 different breeds of chicken and in chickens reared on 5 different diets. Protection was evident against a very high challenge dose and could be produced by the introduction of small numbers of the first strain. Pre-colonization of chicks with the first strain of F98 reduced faecal excretion of the second strain over many weeks, whether chickens were challenged directly or by contact with other infected chickens. The rough strain F98 produced protection against only a few S. typhimurium strains and not against other serotypes. However, strains of S. infantis and S. heidelberg, chosen because they colonized the chicken alimentary tract better than did F98, produced inhibition of a wider range of serotypes.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Helicobacter pylori infection: mechanism of colonization and functional dyspepsia Reduced colonization of gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori in mice deficient in interleukin-10.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine. Mice deficient in IL-10 production (IL-10-/-mice) develop a spontaneous chronic enterocolitis, suggesting that IL-10 is an important regulator of the mucosal immune response in vivo. The objective of this study was to determine the role of endogenous IL-10 in the host defense against gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori by using IL-10-deficient mice. METHODS: The IL-10-/-mice were inoculated intragastrically with a mouse-adapted H. pylori isolate (Sydney Strain 1). Gastric colonization by H. pylori (biopsy urease test and bacterial colony counts), serum levels of H. pylori-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M, A, G, isotypes of IgG, and the gastric mucosal inflammatory scores were determined 6 weeks after inoculation. Results were compared with those obtained from H. pylori-infected control mice (IL-10+/-mice). RESULTS: The colonization of gastric mucosa by H. pylori was reduced approximately 100-fold (P < 0.0001) in IL-10-/-mice (log10 4.87 +/- 0.26CFU/g tissue) as compared to IL-10+/-mice (log10 6.64 +/- 0.22 CFU/g tissue). Furthermore, IL-10-/-mice infected with H. pylori had significantly higher H. pylori-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in serum (P < or = 0.01), and developed much more severe chronic active gastritis than infected IL-10+/-mice. The median scores of the infiltration of gastric mucosa by mononuclear cells and neutrophils were up to threefold higher in IL-10-/-mice than they were in IL-10+/-mice. CONCLUSION: Our studies suggest that endogenous IL-10 is an inhibitor of the protective immune response to H. pylori infection. Interleukin-10 participates in the downregulation of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammatory responses, which apparently confers a survival advantage to the organism promoting more effective colonization of gastric mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Complete colonic obstruction caused by a sigmoid colon cancer incarcerated in an inguinal hernia sac.

An 85-year-old man with a clinical and x-ray picture consistent with a large bowel obstruction had a large left inguinal hernia with an incarcerated loop of sigmoid colon containing a small annular constricting colon carcinoma. Colonic obstruction due to inguinal hernia alone is so rare that a thorough evaluation should be done preoperatively in any patient believed to have colonic obstruction due to inguinal hernia.

Aged↗