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PubMed2001

A comprehensive assessment of satisfaction with care: preliminary psychometric analysis in French, Polish, Swedish and Italian oncology patients.

Satisfaction with care may be closely related to quality of life in cancer patients. This evaluation is especially relevant when quality of care is considered. The present study assessed whether equivalent scaling properties could be found in a comprehensive assessment of satisfaction with care (CASC) administered in cancer patients from French, Polish and Swedish oncology settings, in comparison to the scaling properties previously evidenced in the CASC with an Italian sample. A total of 140, 186 and 133 oncology patients were approached in France, Poland and Sweden, respectively. Specific items in the CASC were identified as consistently omitted across country samples. Multitrait scaling analysis on an item-grouping adapted for the French, Polish, Swedish and Italian samples provided excellent internal consistencies and convergent validity estimates. Discriminant validity proved less satisfactory, evidencing overlap between hypothesised care dimensions across country samples. The identification of omitted or overlapping items will lead to the design of a revised CASC version to further test in larger cross-cultural samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Analysis for TNF-alpha using solid-phase affinity capture with radiolabel and MALDI-MS detection.

Screening of mutant mice for subtle phenotypes requires sensitive, high-throughput analyses of sentinel proteins in functional pathways. The cytokine TNF-alpha is upregulated during inflammatory reactions associated with autoimmune diseases. We have developed a method to monitor the concentration of TNF-alpha under physiological conditions. TNF-alpha is captured, purified, and concentrated using monoclonal antibody-coated microbeads. The capture is efficient (> 80%) and can be used in the concentration range < 100 pg/mL to > 50 ng/mL, as determined by detection of 125I-labeled TNF-alpha. The bead capture of TNF-alpha can be combined with direct detection by MALDI-MS for sample concentrations of > 10 ng/mL. TNF-alpha can be captured and detected from diluted mouse serum, with minimal interferences observed in the MALDI spectrum. This method is adaptable to high-throughput sample handling with microfluidic devices and automated mass spectrometric analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Androgyny and successful adaptation across the life span among Japanese adults.

The purposes of this study were (a) to examine androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated traits of Japanese respondents ranging in age from 13 to 92 years old, as measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory and (b) to measure the relationship between androgyny and successful adaptation. The respondents were randomly sampled from Yokohama City (634 men, 802 women) and were classified by age as follows: 13-24 years old, 25-44 years old, 45-64 years old, and 65 and older. Successful adaptation was measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the CES-Depression Scale, the Hassles Scale, and by subjective health. No age effects for androgyny and masculinity were found in men. The undifferentiated type was predominant in adolescents, both male and female. In the oldest age group, most women were classified as feminine. Adaptation of the four sex roles was different depending on sex and age. Throughout the life span of both sexes, there was a relationship between androgyny and successful adaptation. Self-esteem and subjective health seemed to be the most effective predictors of adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of group A swine rotaviruses displaying atypical electropherotypes.

Swine rotaviruses displaying distinctive electropherotypes were isolated from the feces of diarrheic piglets in two swine herds in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. In one case all samples isolated showed abnormal electropherotypes. All samples were classified as group A reactive when assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three samples from this herd were adapted to grow in tissue culture. The electrophoretic pattern of the genomic RNA as well as the group A reactivity of one of these viruses was retained after cloning in MA-104 cells. In the other pig unit were found samples displaying both classical and abnormal electropherotypes. These viruses were also positive in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; however, since they could not be adapted to grow in tissue culture, this classification must be considered tentative. The abnormal electropherotype exhibited by these pig viruses strongly resembles those of human origin called super short.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Psychological adaptation after marital disruption: the effects of optimism and perceived control.

The present study explored the extent to which the two personality factors--perceived control and dispositional optimism--are related to psychological adaptation after marital disruption. A sample of 658 recently divorced individuals participated in the study by filling in an anonymous questionnaire. Bivariate findings revealed that perceived control and optimism were strongly related to psychological adaptation. However, when both predictors were included in a multiple regression analysis, optimism had a much larger effect than perceived control. The findings clearly indicate that personality factors account for a substantial proportion of the variance in adaptation to marital disruption.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

An adaptive method for establishing a dose-response relationship.

A multistage sampling method is proposed in dose-response trials, where dose adaptions can be performed in the preplanned adaptive interim analyses. The overall test for proving a dose-response relationship is performed by Fisher's product criterion for the p-values from the separate tests of a dose effect in the disjoint samples at the different stages. Based on these p-values decision boundaries for early stopping with the rejection of the global null hypothesis of no existing dose-response relationship are introduced. The power of the adaptive two-stage procedure using a particular adaptation rule is compared with the power of the test for a linear trend under analysis of variance assumptions in extensive simulations. The bias in estimation is also quantified. This procedure could be used for establishing a dose-response relationship without including a placebo treatment.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Seasonal influence on the microbiological colonization on surfaces of milk liners and flushing adapters in a newly installed milking parlor].

A field trial was conducted to evaluate long term and seasonal effects on the development of mictobiological colonization in a newly installed milking parlor. The milking equipment was a 2 x 34 side-by-side milking parlor in a commercial dairy herd in Germany. The 1st batch of samples was taken before beginning of milking and in weekly intervals for a period of two months in winter 2002. The 2nd batch of samples was collected in summer 2003. After sampling the diagnostic material was kept in Amies medium at 4 degrees C until analysis. Samples were analyzed from the mouthpiece, the shank of the liner and the flushing adapter. The samples were collected immediately after disinfection of the milking equipment. They were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively according to the official German guidelines (Amtliche Sammlung von Untersuchungsverfahren, paragraph 35, LMBG). Mesophil aerobe total plate count, S. aureus, E. coli, Coliforms, Streptococci, Yeast and Lactobacilli were considered. Results indicate a relationship of microbiological colonization of the surface of the milking technique with season and location of sampling. The microbiological colonization was higher in summer than in winter. There were more mesophil aerobe pathogens on the flushing adapters than on mouthpiece and shank of the liner.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Open clinical study of the efficacy and safety of Halazepam in anxiety disorders].

Two open clinical studies were done to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of Halazepam. These studies were carried out on an overall sampling of 81 somatic patients suffering from adaptive disorders and symptoms of anxiety, according to DSMIII criteria. The sampling was made up of 40 patients referred for general psychiatric consultation in the Ramón y Cajal Hospital (from any other medical or surgical department) and 41 cardiologic patients (both in- and out-patients). The mean age of the patients referred for general consultation was 40.0, and the mean age of the cardiologic patients was 55.5 years. The posologic standard was 20-120 mg/day, in a single dose or divided into several doses. The following clinical evaluation criteria were applied: Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HS), Physician Evaluation of Improvement (PhEI) and Patient Evaluation of Improvement (PaEI). To determine the safety of the medication, a modified Dotes Secondary Effects Scale was used. At the beginning of the study all the patients had scores of less than or equal to 18 on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) and greater than or equal to 14 on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. From the first week on till the end of treatment, a statistically significant improvement was observed, based on the scores of the different evaluation scales. Halazepam was found to improve the anxiety condition in 95.0% of the cardiologic patients and 92.5% of the general consultation group. All of the cardiologic patients and 87.5% of the general consultation ones completed the minimum study period (4 weeks) satisfactorily. The only undesirable effects observed were minor and short-lived, and it was not necessary to discontinue treatment in any of the cases. No changes were observed in the clinical significance of the analytic parameters monitored. The results of this study indicate that Halazepam is a fast, safe, effective and easy-to-use drug for treating anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Involving families in care within the intensive care environment: a descriptive survey.

A descriptive survey design was utilised within a general intensive care environment, to describe the attitudes of nurses and relatives towards the provision of care by relatives to their critically ill loved one. Triangulation was employed utilising a questionnaire comprising a Likert scale, a checklist of participatory care activities, open questions and biographical questions. The total nurse population of the intensive care unit (ICU) was surveyed. 27 questionnaires were returned (a response rate of 75%). Of a possible 45 relatives surveyed, 20 returned questionnaires (a response rate of 44.4%). A high proportion of both the nurse and the relative samples (96.3% and 85% respectively) indicated their agreement with the concept of involving relatives in the physical care of their critically ill loved one. The results highlighted issues of personal choice for individual lay involvement and adequate information for families to become involved. For the nurse sample the major themes emergent were the problems of role adaptation for nurses and families involved, and building relationships. For the relative sample the categories emergent were adapting to the demanding ICU environment and identifying the parameters of their new caring role. The study suggests benefits, to both nurses and relatives, of lay participation in physical care of critically ill patients on the ICU environment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The ecological validity of pediatric neuropsychological tests of attention.

Neuropsychological tests are frequently used clinically to predict real-world, or adaptive functioning; however, there are too few data to support such predictions. The relationship between adaptive functioning and, in particular, attention tests, has not been documented. The present study sought to determine the association between several domains of attention and adaptive functioning in a heterogeneous clinical sample of 119 children. A significant omnibus canonical correlation (Rc=.54) indicated that attention and adaptive functioning are correlated even when controlling for intelligence. Tests of attention and adaptive functioning domains that give rise to the overall association are discussed in terms of their clinical utility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Fluoride analysis in nanoliter- and microliter-size fluid samples.

A variety of techniques is described for measuring fluoride in volumes of from 0.005 to 5 microL, including: (1) micropipette procedures for transference and dilution of samples, (2) construction of miniature and micro fluoride-selective electrodes, and (3) methods for adapting standard electrodes for micro- and semi-micro volumes. These described techniques have a number of advantages, including speed of analysis, high accuracy, and adaptability to many types of fluid samples. Recent studies involving use of these procedures include the analysis of fluoride in: (1) plaque fluid samples from single sites before and after topical fluoride administration, (2) tooth mineral samples recovered by acid-etch or microdrill biopsy of enamel, and (3) fluid recovered from the interior of the tooth during simulation of the caries process.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of variables that impact psychological adaptation in home hospice patients.

In their efforts to understand the psychological impact of life-threatening illness upon individuals, researchers, for the most part, have focused on the distress associated with dying rather than the influences that promote adaptation. Early studies report relationships between the mental state of the dying and variables of age, religiosity, family relationships, and physical discomfort. This article analyzes and compares the influences of social support, pain, and age, which were confirmed in a causal model study, as direct predictors of an outcome of psychological adaptation. The data from a sample of 97 home hospice subjects is compared with other healthy, recovering ill, advanced ill, and psychiatric populations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Genetic diversity in the blackberry rust pathogen, Phragmidium violaceum, in Europe and Australasia as revealed by analysis of SAMPL.

Indigenous to Europe, the blackberry rust fungus Phragmidium violaceum was introduced to Australia and subsequently appeared in New Zealand, with the most recent authorised introductions to Australia specifically for the biological control of European blackberry. Markers for 'selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci' (SAMPL) were developed for studying the population genetics of P. violaceum. Modification of one of the two SAMPL primers with a HaeIII adapter (H) revealed significantly greater levels of genetic variation than primers used to generate AFLPs, the latter revealing little or no variation among 25 Australasian and 19 European isolates of P. violaceum. SAMPL was used to describe genetic variation among these 44 isolates of P. violaceum from 51 loci generated using primer pairs (GACA)4 +H-G and R1+H-G. The European isolates were more diverse than Australasian isolates, with 37 and 22 % polymorphic loci, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed geographic clades, with Australasian isolates forming one cluster separated from two clusters comprising the European isolates. However, low bootstrap support at these clades suggested that Australian isolates had not differentiated significantly from European isolates since the first record of P. violaceum in Australia in 1984. In general, the results support two hypotheses. First, that the population of P. violaceum in Australia was founded from a subset of individuals originating from Europe. Second, that P. violaceum in New Zealand originated from the Australian population of P. violaceum, probably by wind dispersal of urediniospores across the Tasman Sea. The application of SAMPL markers to the current biological control programme for European blackberry is discussed.

Australasia↗
PubMed2005

Continuity and change from early childhood to adolescence in autism.

BACKGROUND: This longitudinal study of 48 children diagnosed with autism at 2-5 years of age was designed to test the hypothesis that diagnosis would remain stable for most of the sample but that there would be improvements in symptom severity, adaptive behavior, and emotional responsiveness in adolescence. METHODS: A sample of children with autism assessed in both early and middle childhood were observed in late adolescence with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale (ADOS) and their parents were administered the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. RESULTS: All but 2 adolescents (46 of 48) met lifetime criteria for autism according to the ADI-R, and all but 4 adolescents (40 of 44) met criteria for autism spectrum disorder on the ADOS. In contrast to the continuity in diagnosis, parents described improvements in social interactions, repetitive/stereotyped behaviors, adaptive behaviors, and emotional responsiveness to others' distress in adolescence compared to middle childhood. High-functioning adolescents with autism showed more improvement in these domains than low-functioning adolescents with autism. The extent to which the adolescents were observed to be socially engaged with their peers in school in middle childhood predicted adaptive behavior skills even when intelligence level was statistically constrained. CONCLUSIONS: The developmental trajectory of children with autism appears to show both continuity and change. In this sample, most individuals continued to be diagnosed in the autism spectrum but parents reported improvements in adolescence. The results suggest that social involvement with peers improves adaptive behavior skills, and this argues for focusing intervention programs in this area. In addition, it is clear that high-functioning adolescents improve more than low-functioning individuals not only in cognitive abilities but also in social interaction skills. Thus, any early intervention that impacts the cognitive abilities of young children with autism is likely to have a parallel influence on their social skills as they mature into late adolescence and early adulthood.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

A canonical correlation between adaptive and maladaptive aspects of adaptive behavior.

The relationship between the adaptive and the maladaptive aspects of the construct of adaptive behavior was examined by means of a canonical correlation between Part One and Part Two of the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS). The sample consisted of 439 institutionalized mentally retarded persons. Four significant canonical correlations (.68, .49, .39, .28) were derived, three of which were interpretable. The redundancy index was 30 percent with Part One as the criterion and 14 percent with Part Two as the criterion. A redundancy of about 30 percent was calculated. An analysis of the pattern of canonical components suggested that the three major dimensions responsible for the overlap between ABS Parts One and Two are intellectual ability, sociability, and physical ability. An attempt to cross validate these results was made using another sample of 157 mentally retarded persons. Considerable shrinkage was observed on three of the roots.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Association screen for atopic dermatitis candidate gene regions using microsatellite markers in pooled DNA samples.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 16% of children in developed countries. A complex genetic background for AD has been suggested, with genetic as well as environmental factors influencing disease susceptibility. Among other factors, dysregulation in both the innate and the adaptive immune system has been proposed to play a role in AD pathophysiology. We present here an extended association screen for AD using microsatellite markers in 154 genes related to innate and adaptive immunity in pooled DNA samples from 150 German children with AD and 100 controls. After Bonferroni correction, no marker revealed a significant association with AD. Yet, markers representing the nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB)1 and chemokine receptor (CCR)4 genes showed differences in allelic distributions between cases and controls for both pooled DNA analysis and individual genotyping and were thus further investigated. Evaluation of additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the NFKB1 and CCR4 genes revealed no association of individual SNPs with AD. In contrast, haplotype analyses showed a significantly different haplotype distribution between patients and controls for CCR4 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, when SNP-SNP interaction effects were analysed for these two genes, we found significant evidence for epistatic interactions between SNPs within each of the two genes but no evidence for a gene-gene interaction, suggesting that variation in or near both the CCR4 and the NFKB1 genes might individually contribute to AD pathogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Real-time adaptive functional MRI.

Adaptively limiting image acquisition to areas of interest will allow more efficient data acquisition time for in-depth characterization of areas of brain activation. We designed and implemented an adaptive image acquisition scheme that uses a multiresolution-based strategy to zoom into the regions of cortical activity. Real-time pulse prescription and data processing capabilities were combined with spatially selective radiofrequency encoding. The method was successfully demonstrated in volunteers performing simple sensorimotor paradigms for simultaneous activation of primary motor and cerebellar areas. We believe that real-time adaptation of spatial and temporal sampling to task-related changes will increase the efficiency and flexibility of functional mapping experiments. Contrast-to-noise analysis in selected regions-of-interest was performed to quantitatively assess the multiresolution adaptive approach.

Adult↗