SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “VITAL CAPACITY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources

PubMed1975

Lung volumes and closing capacity with continuous positive airway pressure.

Total lung capacity, vital capacity, residual volume, and functional residual capacity were determined by body plethysmography and the single-breath oxygen (SBO2) test was performed at 0, 5, and 11 cm H20 continuous positive airway pressure in healthy, awake, seated, spontaneously breathing subjects. Mean values for the absolute lung volume at which phase IV of the SBO2 test begins (closing capacity) did not change significantly with continous positive airway pressure at 5 or 11 cm H2O. Mean total lung capacity, functional residual capacity, and residual volume increased significantly, and the mean closing volume, the lung volume above residual volume at which phase IV begins, decreased significantly with 11 cm H20 continuous positive airway pressure; differences at 5 cm H20 were not significant. The slope of the alveolar nitrogen plateau (phase III) obtained during the SBO-2 test did not change with continuous positive airway pressure.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

A cohort study found good respiratory, sensory and motor functions decreased mortality risk in older people.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The main aims of this study were to evaluate the separate and joint effects of respiratory, sensory, and psychomotor function, muscle strength, and mobility in predicting mortality in older men and women, and to find a way to control multicollinearity in a multivariate Cox regression model. METHODS: Mortality was followed for 10 years (1990-2000) in an entire cohort of 75-year-old residents of the city of Jyvaskyla, Finland (born in 1914; N=388). Cox regression models and principal component estimation were employed to study the association between the covariates and mortality. RESULTS: The study indicated that, after adjustment for fatal diseases and cognitive capacity, vital capacity, tapping rate, muscle strength, and walking speed predict mortality in elderly men and women to a similar extent. The hazard ratio for mortality for those in the lowest tertile of the principal component representing all the significant physiological functions was from three to four times higher than for those in the highest tertile. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a poor level in any of the measured functions has a similar impact on the risk for mortality, which is further increased by combining the different results. No single, dominant predictor of mortality emerged.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A method for assessing small airways independent of inspiratory capacity.

Reduced forced vital capacity may confound assessment of small-airway function. In 17 healthy and 16 asthmatic volunteers, we validated a method for measuring mean expiratory flow during the middle half of the forced vital capacity, mean expiratory flow during the third quarter of the forced vital capacity, instantaneous forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity , and instantaneous expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity. These measurements were conducted at the same absolute lung volume (isovolume) when forced vital capacity was reduced voluntarily to 100%, 85%, and 75% of maximum, and the variances, expressed as the coefficients of variations, were compared. Absolute lung volumes above residual volume were determined with two reference spirograms: 100% and 75% forced vital capacity. In normals, means of flow rates at the same absolute lung volume did not differ with the three forced vital capacities, regardless of whether the 100% or 75% forced vital capacity served as the reference spirogram. Reduced forced vital capacity among asthmatics was associated with modest increases in isovolume flow rates, an effect that may underestimate airway narrowing. Intrasubject variability was least among volume-averaged flow rates (e.g., mean expiratory flow during the middle half of the forced vital capacity). Volume-adjusted flow rates can be used to assess small-airways narrowing when forced vital capacity is reduced, and volume-averaged rates provide the least variability.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Ozone-induced pulmonary functional, pathological, and biochemical changes in normal and vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs.

Since Vitamin C (ascorbate, AH2) is an important airway antioxidant and is an essential component of tissue repair, and since acute (4 hr) O3 toxicity is enhanced by AH2 deficiency, we hypothesized that longer-term O3 effects might also be increased. Female Hartley guinea pigs (260-330 g) were fed either an AH2-sufficient or an AH2-deficient diet 1 week prior to exposure, and were maintained on their respective diets during 1 week of continuous exposure to O3 (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm, 23 hr/day), and during 1 week postexposure recovery in clean air. The AH2-deficient diet caused lung AH2 to drop to about 30% of control in 1 week, and to below 10% by the end of exposure and recovery. Body weight gains during exposure were decreased in the 0.8 ppm O3 group, while the AH2 deficiency began to affect body weights only during recovery. O3 caused a concentration-dependent decrease in total lung capacity, vital capacity, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, nitrogen washout, and static compliance, while increasing forced expiratory flow rates and residual or end-expiratory volume (suggestive of pulmonary gas-trapping). The lung/body weight ratio and fixed lung displacement volume were also increased in O3-exposed animals. Lung pathology consisted of mononuclear cell and neutrophil infiltration, airway as well as alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia, and general decrease in epithelial cell cytoplasm. Thickening of the interstitium and an apparent increase in collagen staining were seen at the terminal bronchiolar regions. Some of these effects were marginally exacerbated in AH2-deficient guinea pigs. One week postexposure to air reversed all O3-induced abnormalities, irrespective of AH2 deficiency. Whole lung hydroxyproline and desmosine were not changed at any time by either O3 or AH2 deficiency. Measurement of lung prolyl hydroxylase activity suggested that AH2 deficiency as well as O3 exposure may have increased the tissue levels of this enzyme. The lack of a significant increase in toxicity with the longer-term exposure scenario suggests that AH2 has minimal influence on other compensatory mechanisms developed over time.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Bleomycin-induced pulmonary infiltrations in the treatment of testicular cancer].

Under Cisplatinum/Vinblastine/Bleomycin treatment six of 82 patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer developed a Bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity. After a total Bleomycin dose of 300-360 mg all six patients showed multiple nodular densities near the pleura in the basal lung areas on the computed tomographic scanning (CT). Disseminated interstitial infiltrates, mostly in the lower lung fields were spontaneously observed by means of chest X-rays in only one case. In two other cases only minimal changes were found retrospectively. In five cases the diffusion capacity did not decrease significantly. Diffusion capacity, vital capacity and oxygen fell significantly in only one case. The latter was also the only patient showing clinical symptoms. The lung changes were completely reversible in four patients 4-6 months after cessation of Bleomycin. In two patients there were reversible residual changes after a timespan of 20 and 24 months. Two patients received no further antineoplastic treatment, two were under maintenance therapy, two under further induction chemotherapy because of the assumption of lung metastases. None of the six patients show any evidence at present of testis tumor (observation period 17-34 months). It can be difficult to distinguish between Bleomycin-induced lung damage and tumor metastases by radiological means. We were able to differentiate by observing the clinical course of the six patients. In case of doubt a histological examination is strongly recommended.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Functional changes in the lungs of guinea pigs exposed to sodium sulfite aerosols.

Guinea pigs were exposed head only for 1 hr to submicrometer sodium sulfite aerosols (mass median aerodynamic diameter = 0.36 micron, sigma g = 2.96) at 474, 669, and 972 micrograms SO3(2-)/m3. Respiratory mechanics were measured in unanaesthetized animals before, during, and after exposure. Dose-related increases in resistance and decreases in compliance were observed. At 972 micrograms SO3(2-)/m3, the sodium sulfite aerosol caused a 50% increase in resistance and a 19% decrease in compliance. These changes were still present 1 hr after the end of exposure. The results were used to assess the irritant potency of sodium sulfite aerosol. Another group of guinea pigs was exposed whole body for 1 hr to the same aerosol at 0, 204, 395, and 1152 micrograms SO3(2-)/m3. Immediately after the exposures, lung volume, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and wet lung weight were evaluated in anesthetized, tracheotomized animals. As compared to controls, total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, residual volume, and DLCO were all decreased with increasing concentrations of sodium sulfite. Dose-related increases in wet lung weights were also observed. These results were compared with the irritant responses of animals exposed to zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide mixed under different conditions of temperature and humidity.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1987

Effect of ozone exposure on lung functions and plasma prostaglandin and thromboxane concentrations in guinea pigs.

Male Hartley guinea pigs were exposed either to filtered air or to 1 ppm ozone (O3) for 1 hr. At 2, 8, 24, or 48 hr after exposure we measured ventilation, respiratory mechanics, lung volumes, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and alveolar volume (VA) in anesthetized, tracheotomized animals. Respiratory frequency and tidal volume were unchanged in all groups. Pulmonary resistance was increased 2 hr after O3 but returned to control at 8 hr and thereafter. Prolonged reductions in lung volumes (total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and residual volume) as well as in DLCO and VA occurred after O3, with maximum decreases at 8 and 24 hr postexposure. Increased ratios of wet lung weight to body weight were seen at 2, 8, and 24 hr. In separate groups of animals, also exposed either to filtered air or to 1 ppm O3, plasma eicosanoid (EC) concentrations were measured at 2, 8, 24, 48, or 72 hr after exposure. Significant increases in thromboxane B2 concentrations were seen at 2, 24, and 48 hr after exposure. Plasma concentrations of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were increased at 24 hr and at 24, 48, and 72 hr, respectively. The nature of this long-term pulmonary response to a short-term exposure to O3 suggests alveolar involvement, including probable alveolar duct constriction and localized pulmonary edema. Although changes in plasma EC concentrations were observed concurrent with impaired lung functions, no simple causal relationship was apparent from these studies.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed2002

Long-term administration of beraprost, an oral prostacyclin analogue, improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in patients with systemic sclerosis.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, on pulmonary function in patients with systemic sclerosis. Seventeen patients, with systemic sclerosis and predicted percent values of carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (%DLCO) of less than 95, received beraprost sodium for at least 12 months. Conventional testing for pulmonary function was performed at 12-month intervals and changes were evaluated with special reference to DLCO. Twelve patients completed the treatment. Nine patients showed improvement in DLCO (12.1 +/- 2.3 to 15.5 +/- 4.4 ml/min/mmHg, P < 0.006) and 10 patients showed an increase in %DLCO (66.6 +/- 11.9 to 87.7 +/- 23.2%, P < 0.004). Total lung capacity, vital capacity and forced expiratory volume remained unchanged. This study showed that DLCO levels in patients with systemic sclerosis improved after the administration of beraprost sodium, probably due to the decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance accompanied by increased cardiac output.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2004

Analysis of factors contributing to higher erythropoietin levels in patients with chronic liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Dysregulated erythropoietin (EPO) plasma levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) because chronic anaemia is frequently observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. We aimed to identify the factors contributing to EPO regulation in patients with CLD. METHODS: Plasma EPO concentrations were correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters in 111 CLD patients and 220 healthy controls. RESULTS: Anaemia, though generally mild, was common in CLD patients, and thrombocytopenia and previous bleeding episodes were observed in two-thirds of the patients. Plasma EPO levels were significantly elevated in CLD patients (P < 0.001). EPO increased according to Child's stages of cirrhosis, independently of the aetiology of CLD. EPO correlated with haemoglobin (r= -0.498, P < 0.001). Additionally, EPO independently correlated with markers of liver dysfunction, e.g. prothrombin time, albumin concentration or cholinesterase activity, and platelet count. EPO was also significantly elevated in patients with a current bleeding tendency and with prior gastrointestinal haemorrhages. EPO levels were increased in patients with impaired pulmonary function, e.g. decreased diffusion capacity, vital capacity or hyperventilation. Interestingly, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations positively correlated with EPO (r=0.277, P = 0.003), suggesting a possible mechanism of EPO upregulation in patients with CLD through IL-6 dependent pathways, e.g. binding of STAT transcription factors in the putative EPO promoter region. CONCLUSIONS: EPO is upregulated in patients with chronic liver diseases in response to anaemia, bleeding complications, impaired pulmonary function, thrombocytopenia and liver dysfunction. IL-6 dependent pathways could be involved in mediating elevated EPO levels in CLD patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Lung injury in guinea pigs caused by multiple exposures to submicron zinc oxide mixed with sulfur dioxide in a humidified furnace.

Sulfur dioxide, water vapor, and ultrafine particles rich in oxides of zinc and other surface-deposited trace elements are important products of coal combustion. In order to study the toxicity of zinc oxide generated under conditions simulating combustion, guinea pigs were exposed in a nose-only apparatus for 3 h on 6 consecutive days to 6 mg/m3 of submicron zinc oxide particles (count median diameter of 0.05 micron, sigma g 2.0), which were generated in a humid furnace and mixed with 1 ppm sulfur dioxide. The exposures caused increases in lung weight and [3H] thymidine labeling index of terminal bronchiolar cell nuclei and inflammation of the proximal portion of the alveolar duct. The lung weights and labeling index had returned to normal and inflammatory changes had nearly resolved by 72 h after the last exposure. Total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual volume, alveolar volume, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide were decreased following exposure and had not returned to normal by 72 h after the last exposure. Large airways were not affected by the repeated exposures, as indicated by normal morphology of trachea and bronchi, unchanged secretory cell concentration, and unaltered epithelial permeability to horseradish peroxidase. These results are essentially identical to changes we reported in guinea pigs exposed to zinc oxide alone, suggesting that surface-deposited sulfur compounds, which are important determinants of the response to a single exposure to these ultrafine particles, become less important as exposure progresses.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Respiratory function during cervical and thoracic extradural analgesia in patients with normal lungs.

Lung volumes, expired gas volumes, tests of ventilatory capacity and blood-gas tensions were measured in women before and after induction of cervical or thoracic extradural analgesia using 2% mepivacaine. Inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, total lung capacity and FEV1 all decreased significantly 30 min after both cervical and thoracic extradural blocks. The changes observed during cervical block were significantly greater than those observed during thoracic extradural analgesia. Expiratory reserve volume and functional residual capacity decreased significantly after thoracic extradural block, but did not change after cervical extradural block. Reduction in expired minute volume was observed in the two groups. PaCO2 and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference increased, and PaO2 decreased significantly 25 min after both blocks. These results demonstrate that pulmonary ventilation is slightly impaired by the two blocks and to the same degree, but ventilatory reserve and capacity are markedly impaired by cervical extradural block.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Late pulmonary effects in favorable stage I and IIA Hodgkin's disease treated with radiotherapy alone.

Radiotherapy (RT) in patients with favorable-stage Hodgkin's disease can induce clinical and subclinical evidence of pulmonary damage lasting over the years. In this study, we monitored 36 patients with stage IA-IIA Hodgkin's disease treated with subtotal nodal RT. The planned dose of RT was 40 Gy to 44 Gy to the involved areas and 36 Gy to the adjacent uninvolved areas. Pulmonary function was evaluated by chest radiograph, spirometric parameters, arterial blood gas analysis, and single-breath CO transfer factor (DLCO). The tests were performed before and at the end of irradiation, and during the follow-up 1 and 3 to 5 years after the treatment. At the end of RT, we found a significant decrease of total lung capacity, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, residual volume, and DLCO. Spirometric parameters improved during the follow-up period, whereas the decline of DLCO (-6.4%) was persistent. No correlation was found between mantle RT dose and DLCO changes. Four patients showed a decline of DLCO of >20% from pretreatment values but only one was symptomatic. Our study confirms that RT induces a pulmonary-restrictive disease at a subclinical level that seems to be reversible in the majority of patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Respiratory effects of high thoracic epidural anaesthesia.

The respiratory effects of high thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA) were studied in nine healthy volunteers by means of spirometry, nitrogen single-breath test and flow-volume loop. After the baseline measurements an epidural catheter was inserted at T4 level, and 5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine were injected. This volume led to sensory block within dermatomes T1-T5. Total lung capacity, vital capacity and inspiratory capacity decreased slightly but significantly during TEA. Expiratory reserve volume was not affected. Maximal inspiratory flow at 50% VC decreased 24%. Maximal expiratory flow at 75% VC and peak expiratory flow were not changed. N2 difference during a constant flow rate of 0.5 l/s and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were not changed, which indicates that there were no changes of bronchial tone. The respiratory effects of high TEA in this study were caused by the motor block of the intercostal muscles.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Respiratory muscle performance in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Respiratory muscle strength and endurance were examined in 31 Type 1 diabetic patients and in age, sex, and weight matched control subjects. No significant difference in respiratory muscle strength was noted between the two groups. Maximal static inspiratory pressure was 92.3 +/- 33.9 (+/- SD) and 99.5 +/- 23.0% of the predicted values in the patient and control groups, respectively. Maximal static expiratory pressures were 75.1 +/- 14.3 and 77.4 +/- 14.0% of the predicted values in the patient and control groups, respectively. Respiratory muscle endurance was significantly lower in the diabetic patients 88.9 +/- 20.7 vs 103.9 +/- 15.8% predicted in the control group (p less than 0.01). Total lung capacity, vital capacity, and maximal voluntary ventilation were also significantly lower in the diabetic group and correlated with the duration of diabetes.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Pulmonary sarcoidosis: evaluation with high-resolution CT.

Forty-four patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis were prospectively studied with high-resolution computed tomography (CT). Nodules were seen in all cases. They were isolated in 19 cases and associated with other lesions in 25 cases. Other abnormalities were irregular interfaces (n = 18, 41%), linear network (n = 14, 32%), thickening of the pleural surface (n = 9, 20%), ground-glass opacities (n = 7, 16%), lung distortion (n = 11, 25%), traction bronchiectasis (n = 3, 7%), and network of air-filled cavities (n = 3, 7%). Predominant sites of lesions were the upper and middle zones (n = 30, 68%) and posterior zones (n = 13, 30%). Nodular abnormalities were noted at CT in six cases in which the pulmonary parenchyma appeared normal on radiographs. Lung distortion was noted at CT in eight cases without visible fibrosis on chest radiographs. The majority of patients with lung distortion (nine of 11, 82%) had disease of greater than a years duration. CT improved sensitivity for the detection of all types of lesions, mainly lung distortion. Low but significant correlations were found between visual score at CT and total lung capacity, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and diffusing capacity.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Lung statics and connective tissues after penicillamine in bleomycin-treated hamsters.

Penicillamine was administered intraperitoneally to male golden hamsters for 30 days following a single intratracheal dose of bleomycin. Penicillamine treatment increased soluble collagen and decreased glycosaminoglycans in both normal and fibrotic lungs; total collagen and elastin were not significantly changed in normals but were lower in fibrotic animals. The proportions of the different glycosaminoglycans were not affected by penicillamine treatment. When related to body weight, the total lung capacity, vital capacity, and compliance both at low and high lung volumes were increased in animals that received only penicillamine when compared with animals that did not, but interpretation of these results is difficult because penicillamine-treated animals had low body weights. Lung statics were the same in animals that received penicillamine after bleomycin as in those that received bleomycin only, though penicillamine partially reversed the connective tissue expression of the bleomycin lung injury. We conclude that factors other than connective tissue levels are important in determining the mechanical behavior of fibrotic lungs.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Mechanical properties of the lungs during acclimatization to altitude.

Mechanical properties of the lung were studied in nine healthy lowlanders during a 6-day sojourn at an altitude of 3,457 m. In comparison to sea-level values, it was found at altitude that 1) lung volumes measured by plethysmography including total lung capacity, vital capacity, and functional residual capacity (FRC) presented small changes not exceeding 300 ml; 2) static and dynamic lung compliances were not modified but static pressure-volume curves of lungs were shifted progressively to the left (the decrease in lung elastic recoil averaged about 2 cmH2O on days 4-6); and 3) maximal midexpiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and maximal expiratory and inspiratory flows were increased and, conversely, airways and pulmonary flow resistances were decreased on most days at altitude. The unchanged FRC in the face of a decreased lung recoil may be explained by an increase in thoracic blood volume at altitude, but other possible mechanisms are discussed. The decrease in resistances and increase in maximal flows may be partly explained by the decreased air density at altitude, but another contributing factor such as a bronchodilatation is also suggested. It is proposed that changes in lung mechanics at altitude may account for some of the changes in the pattern of breathing and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) observed during acclimatization of lowlanders to altitude.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed1993

Effect of posture on static lung volumes and pulmonary mechanics in pneumonectomized rabbits.

Static lung volumes, lung (CL) and respiratory system compliance (Crs), and the slope of phase III of the single-breath O2 test (slope III) were measured in rabbits in the prone, supine, and right and left lateral positions. Control rabbits, rabbits that had the left lung removed (Px), and rabbits that had the left lung removed and replaced with wax (Px + W) were studied. Surgeries were performed > or = 7 wk before study. Lung volumes, Crs, and slope III were not different among groups. Total lung capacity, vital capacity, residual volume, Crs, and slope III were smallest in all rabbits in the prone position. Functional residual capacity and expiratory reserve volume were unaffected by posture in control rabbits but were larger in Px and Px + W rabbits in the left lateral position. CL was unaffected by posture but was smaller in Px and Px + W rabbits than in control rabbits. Pneumonectomy-induced changes in lung shape altered the effect of posture on functional residual capacity but not on regional lung function, as assessed by the single-breath O2 test.

Airway Resistance↗