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PubMed1978

[Bifid ureter with blind-ending branch, a diagnosis by excretory urography (author's transl)].

Bifid ureter with blind-ending branch must fulfill the criterias of Culp. Retardation of ureter growth or degeneration of a ureteral segment after fusion with the metanephrogenic tissue are to be considered as the cause for this anomaly. Infrequently other, preferably congenital lesions of the kidneys or other organ systems are combined. The bifid ureter with blind-ending branch can be a casual finding. But it may cause symptoms which make resection necessary. The diagnosis is possible by excretory urography. Two cases are added to the known 66 patients in the literature.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1983

Iohexol and metrizamide for urography in infants and children.

The new non-ionic contrast medium iohexol, was compared with metrizamide in a double blind investigation. Urography was performed in 40 children below 6 years of age. Adverse reactions were negligible. A small decrease in erythrocyte volume fraction (hematocrit) values after the injection was found in both groups. Excellent films were obtained in most patients and no difference in diagnostic quality between the two media was observed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Phase II studies in urography, cardioangiography and cerebral angiography with iohexol. An evaluation of the clinical trial program and the clinical findings.

The first experience in patients (phase II studies) with iohexol (Omnipaque) - a new non-ionic contrast medium - in intravenous urography (34 patients), cardioangiography (45 patients) and cerebral angiography (38 patents) is collectively reported. A non-comparative, multicentre design was used in all 3 applications. The objective was to assess the efficacy (the opacity to X-rays) and the tolerability of iohexol using routine contrast medium doses in a well defined adult population. No unexpected or severe reactions occurred in the 117 included or 9 excluded patients. Good efficacy was confirmed, and the contrast medium was well tolerated. The results warrant advancing iohexol into comparative phase III trials. The iohexol phase II studies and initial research in patients with contrast media in general are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Excretory urography and miction cystourethrography in childhood].

Excretory urography and voiding cystourethrography constitute the basic examinations of conventional X-ray diagnosis of the urinary tract in children. The procedures have to be adapted to the specific physiologic conditions of childhood. Problems dealing with preparation of the patient, choice and amount of contrast media, sequence of exposures and the different methods of micturition cystography are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Sonography, urography and angiography in kidney carcinoma. A comparative study].

In a comparative study the validity of angiographic, sonographic and urographic findings for evaluation of 204 renal tumors was investigated. Angiography showed 97% correct results, sonography 96% and urography 93%. Mean tumor size was 8.4 cm. 25% of all tumors caused renal vein occlusion. On the one side there is a striking correlation between tumor growth and vein occlusion, and on the other side between vein occlusion and urographic silent right kidney. 20% of all tumors had metastasized at the time of diagnosis. In 4.5% of all cases we found a left sided symptomatic varicocele of the left side with invasion of the left renal vein by tumor masses.

Angiography↗
PubMed1983

[Intravenous urography in pregnancy and the risks of fetal hypothyroidism].

The authors approach the question of the risk of fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism when intravenous pyelography is carried out in the pregnant woman. They looked at a continuous series of 15 cases in 7 years, of which 8 were studied retrospectively and 7 prospectively. They did not find any clinical or biological signs of hypothyroidism when the children were from 10 months to 9 years of age at review. The authors approached the reaction of the fetal thyroid to this excess dose of iodine considering what is known about the physiology of this gland in utero and the publications concerning hypothyroidism occurring after prolonged administration of iodine or amniofetography. They conclude that there is probably a temporary disturbance of fetal thyroid function but it does not continue into the neonatal period. All the same, caution is advocated because intravenous urography during pregnancy should be carried out only for very tight indications and the newborn should be carefully examined.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iodine-containing radiographic contrast media in rat bladder mucosa during excretory urography. A possible cause of exfoliation of abnormal epithelial cells.

Iodine in rat urine and urinary bladder mucosa during excretory urography was determined by chemical methods, including histochemistry, autoradiography and x-ray microanalysis. The amount of mucosal iodine varied in parallel with iodine concentration in the urine and was totally cleared after five hours. The findings indicate that iodine damage seen in urothelial umbrella cells probably represents an acute reaction rather than mucosal iodine retention.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[First results by means of non-ionic contrast medium (Iopamidol) in urography and angiography (author's transl)].

The non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium Iopamidol was used for urography in 10 patients and for angiography in 20 patients. In every investigation excellent visualization was obtained and non adverse reaction occurred. Good tolerability to Iopamidol permitted to carry out painless peripheral angiography and translumbar angiography without general anaesthesia.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

[Very rapid bolus injection as routine method in excretion urography (author's transl)].

The authors report on a comparative examination of the tolerance and diagnostic value of excretion urography using a standard dose of 50 ml of a 77% solution of the meglumine-sodium salt of ioxythalamic acid (Telebrix 390) at conventional injection speed (60-90 sec.) compared with a very rapid bolus injection (less than 10 sec.) Although the risk of severe side effects is probably the same in both cases, the rate of mild or so-called non-specific side effects is significantly lower with the more rapid type of injection. At the same time, it is possible to improve the diagnostic value with a slightly greater effort (vascular early nephrogram).

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1981

[Contribution of intravenous urography to the etiological diagnosis of microscopic haematurias (author's transl)].

From a study of 216 patients with microscopic haematuria who were helped by technically complete intravenous urography (IU), the authors conclude that this investigations method is particularly valuable when haematuria is unaccompanied by proteinuria, pyuria or renal insufficiency. IU led to an etiological diagnosis in almost 50 p. cent of the patients revealing, among other causes, numerous calculi and a non-negligible number of tumours. Renal biopsy is very useful in cases with proteinuria but has few indications in isolated microscopic haematurias. The same applies to diagnostic angiography. Cystoscopy should be considered angiography. Cystoscopy should be considered when IU might be unable to detect small tumours of the bladder or, more generally, lesions of the vesical mucosa, particularly frequent in patients with pyuria.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1978

[Infusion urography with joxitalmat comparative study with different infusion solutions (author's transl)].

In a total of 157 patients, comparative infusion urography was conducted using different concentrations of the same infusion substance Joxitalmat (Telebrix). No fatal or severe side effects caused by the contrast medium were seen. Infusion of the 66% contrast medium solution C produced mild side effects in 9% of the patients, whereas 4% resp. 2% side effects occurred with the solutions A (39.7%) and B (36.6%). Hence, solutions A and B appear to be more appropriate for clinical diagnostics, the diagnostic value being approximately the same for all three solutions under investigation.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

[Initial trials using Hexabrix in excretory urography in childhood].

Three contrast media--Hexabrix Conray EV and Tele-brix 300--used for urography in children were compared in a randomized controlled study; Hexabrix showed a significantly better contrasted collecting system of the kidneys. Therefore feeding of the babies and small children after injection of the contrast medium and conventional tomography were almost superfluous. There was no significant difference in side effects. Hexabrix is expensive, but in general it is possible to reduce the dose of contrast per examination without lack of information. Compared to Amipaque Hexabrix has the great advantage that it is available ready for injection.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison between ionic and non ionic contrast media in fast injection nephro-urography (author's transl)].

The authors judged the quality of the films in two groups of patients who underwent fast injection nephro-urography with iopamidol and meglumine sodium diatrizoate. The scores ascribed to the urograms obtained with the two contrast media have been compared. The ionic contrast medium got a higher score, at it allowed a better evaluation of ureters and bladder. Tolerability of the two contrast media has been evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Renal function impairment caused by intravenous urography. A prospective study.

Renal function was evaluated before and after intravenous urography (IVU) in 124 randomly selected patients. In cases with renal insufficiency (RI) (serum creatinine level, greater than or equal to 2 mg/dL), the incidence of renal impairment was higher (11 of 20 patients, 55%) than in the group without RI (16 of 104 patients, 15%). In the latter group, high blood pressure (BP) was associated with a higher frequency of renal impairment (28.6% vs 10.5%). Advanced age, mild proteinuria, and a single functioning kidney were not risk factors. The IVU preparation contributed to renal function impairment in ten cases, while in the other 17 cases, the iodinated contrast material was the only factor apparently involved. Renal function returned to its previous level in a mean period of 12 days. One patient suffered progressive and irreversible renal failure, and two others had a slight, persistent impairment of renal function. It was concluded that the incidence of renal function impairment is high, but cases are usually mild and reversible. The most important predisposing factors are RI and high BP.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

[Bilateral stenosis of the renal arteries with normal urography (author's transl)].

In theory, negative urographic findings in severe hypertension exclude a renovascular origin. However, when both renal arteries are dysplastic urography may remain perfectly normal even though arteriography demonstrates tight stenoses and these patients are cured by surgical treatment. In the case reported here the only clinical sign of stenotic renal arteries was a systolic murmur on auscultation of the abdomen.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Demonstration of renal arteries by tomography during intravenous urography (author's transl)].

A new method to demonstrate the renal arteries is presented. It consists of taking with a Synchroplan apparatus simultaneous tomographic sections during the aortic and arterial stage of intravenous urography (IVU). Direct visualization of the vessels avoids the false negative results of IVU alone in investigations of renovascular lesions, such as bilateral stenosis of the renal artery, stenoses with few functional disorders, aneurysms and associated arterial and urinary lesions. Lesions of the infra-renal portion of the aorta and of the splanchnic arteries are also visualized. In a series of 37 patients investigated for renovascular hypertension, the new method proved more sensitive, more specific and of higher predictive value than conventional IVU. In another series of 19 patients who had undergone revascularization of the kidneys, the authors were able to obtain good visualization of the new vascular system and to establish correlations between morphological features and the effects of hypertension. The method therefore appears to be valuable in detecting renovascular lesions in arterial hypertension, monitoring renal artery lesions and following up patients with surgical revascularization.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Subpelvic contrast medium extravasation after urography].

Spontaneous extravasation of contrast medium after X-ray examinations of low ureteroliths is not an exceptionally infrequent occurrence. A patchy stripe of contrast medium, parallel to the M. psoas is the noticeable radiological indication. With our patients brief clinical observation under antibiotic protection has been sufficient. Check-up urography has later shown normal conditions. Adhesions and obstructions in the region of the exit from the renal pelvis have not been found in check-ups to date. We have never found it necessary to operate because of these changes.

Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materi↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnosis of "severe" renal insufficiency of unknown origin: value and respective roles of ultrasonography and intravenous urography (author's transl)].

A retrospective study in 46 patients hospitalised with severe renal insufficiency of unknown origin, and investigated by means of a straight x-ray of the urinary system followed by bilateral renal ultrasonography, emphasises the importance of the latter examination for establishing the medical or surgical origin of the affection. Intravenous urography, which carries certain risks and does not supply supplementary information, can sometimes be avoided, but it is essential when dilated cavities are seen on ultrasonography. In the absence of the latter sign it should be performed when there is clinical evidence of an obstruction, or when the kidneys are of normal size of enlarged, depending on the results of biological tests or the clinical history. The only contraindication to its use is when ultrasonography has shown two small kidneys with thin cavities resulting from an acute episode of a pre-existing chronic nephropathy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗