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PubMed1999

The past and the future fate of the universe and the formation of structure in it.

The history and the ultimate future fate of the universe as a whole depend on how much the expansion of the universe is decelerated by its own mass. In particular, whether the expansion of the universe will ever come to a halt can be determined from the past expansion. However, the mass density in the universe does not only govern the expansion history and the curvature of space, but in parallel also regulates the growth of hierarchical structure, including the collapse of material into the dense, virialized regions that we identify with galaxies. Hence, the formation of galaxies and their clustered distribution in space depend not only on the detailed physics of how stars are formed but also on the overall structure of the universe. Recent observational efforts, fueled by new large, ground-based telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope, combined with theoretical progress, have brought us to the verge of determining the expansion history of the universe and space curvature from direct observation and to linking this to the formation history of galaxies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

The role of the generalist physician initiative in the merger of Hahnemann University and Medical College of Pennsylvania.

Unique in the history of academic medicine in the 20th century was the 1993 merger of two medical schools, Hahnemann University and The Medical College of Pennsylvania, to create Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, the largest private medical school in the United States. During the early, most critical phase of the merger process, the two faculties were brought together to plan and submit an application for The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Generalist Physician Initiative (GPI). This action had a profound and lasting impact on the merger of the two schools and the educational enterprise that subsequently evolved. The GPI grant was awarded to the merged school in the midst of this complex merger rife with major changes, all with their attendant fears and frustrations. During and just after the merger, at a time when faculty and staff were somewhat uncertain about the direction of the university, the GPI provided a focus with a clear set of goals and objectives. Despite the unprecedented changes occurring in the organization and personal and professional concerns, faculties from the two institutions were able to join in pursuing the generalist initiative and its associated curriculum reform. This single, pervasive effort was a significant factor in forming a unified faculty of a united school of medicine. This sense of unity was put to the test when, in July 1998 the university, along with its affiliated hospital system, filed for bankruptcy. The goals of this extraordinary action were to sell the hospitals to another organization, thereby removing from the university the burden of supporting hospital-based clinical programs and allowing the university to emerge as a freestanding academic institution focusing on its core mission of education and the principles embodied in the GPI.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1999

The InterCon network: a program for education partnerships at the University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center.

The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center (UT-Houston) has created programs and activities to address the state's pressing needs in minority education. Through InterCon, a network of universities and K-12 schools, UT-Houston works with its partners to identify competitive candidates in the current pool of minority graduates with bachelor's degrees and to help them--along with their non-minority counterparts--progress in their education. Another objective is to expand the pool of minorities underrepresented in medicine who complete high school and go to college. In 1994 UT-Houston and Prairie View A&M University created a collaborative venture to provide new educational opportunities at UT-Houston for Prairie View's predominantly African American students. A three-track summer internship program--a result of that collaboration--has since been expanded to partnerships with other minority and majority universities throughout Texas. In 1998, for example, 108 undergraduate students from these universities (and 40 other universities nationwide) participated in research, professional, and administrative summer internships at UT-Houston. The InterCon network also has partnerships with K-12 schools. UT-Houston works with inner-city, suburban, and rural school districts to develop education models that can be transferred throughout the state. The partnerships deal with helping to teach basic academic skills and computer literacy, improve science-related instruction, meet demands for health promotion materials and information for school-initiated health and wellness programs, and develop distance-learning paradigms. UT-Houston views InterCon as a program helping Texas institutions to engage and adapt to the socioeconomic factors, demographic changes, and technology explosion that currently challenge public education.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed2001

What did we learn about the impact on university-based faculty?

Meeting the objectives and requirements of the Interdisciplinary Generalist Curriculum (IGC) Project had positive and negative effects on the university-based basic science and clinical faculty, which have been divided into four categories: boundary issues, collaboration, teaching, and development. The specific experiences of two schools, the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine and the Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, are compared against the experiences of the ten schools as documented in the IGC Project external evaluation team's final report. Boundary issues regarded as negative effects of the IGC Project included perceived encroachment on the time devoted to basic science education, loss of the unique identity of the university-based faculty as academicians, and reduced prominence of subspecialist clinical faculty. Effects of the IGC Project in the other areas were, for the most part, positive. The increased collaboration yielded a net benefit to the university-based faculty at large. The clinical faculty experienced more opportunities to teach. Introduction of teacher development programs were of benefit to both clinical and basic science faculty. The other arm of development, professional development, was evidenced by increased stature and promotions of IGC faculty directors. In conclusion, changes within the university-based faculty occurred in stages as faculty realized that the design of the IGC Project enhanced the educational experience of the students.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2006

Universal resources for measurement-based quantum computation.

We investigate which entanglement resources allow universal measurement-based quantum computation via single-qubit operations. We find that any entanglement feature exhibited by the 2D cluster state must also be present in any other universal resource. We obtain a powerful criterion to assess the universality of graph states by introducing an entanglement measure which necessarily grows unboundedly with the system size for all universal resource states. Furthermore, we prove that graph states associated with 2D lattices such as the hexagonal and triangular lattice are universal, and obtain the first example of a universal nongraph state.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Use of universal and type-specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and typing of genital human papillomaviruses.

By using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we have developed a system for type-specific as well as universal detection of genital human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Primers and probes for specific detection of HPV-16, -18 and -33 were synthesized from the E7 open reading frame (ORF). They were capable of detecting corresponding HPV types with high specificity and sensitivity. Primers for detection of a broad spectrum of HPV (universal primers) were synthesized from the L1 ORF. The universal primers were shown to be capable of amplifying HPV-6b, -11, -16, -18, -33, -52b and -58. The system was applied to various cervical tissue specimens from Japanese patients. They consisted of 26 normal specimens, 18 from cervical dysplasias and 29 from cervical carcinomas. HPV was detected in none of the normal specimens. On the other hand, many of the specimens from cervical dysplasias and carcinomas were found to be positive for HPV, especially HPV-16. Except for one, all the specimens which were positive with the type-specific PCRs were also positive with the universal PCR. Furthermore, substantial numbers of specimens were found to be positive only with the universal PCR. Cloning and sequencing of DNA segments amplified by the universal primers were undertaken to characterize some of the unknown HPVs. Our PCR system may thus be useful for the specific detection of the three major types of oncogenic HPVs and also for the detection of a broad spectrum of HPVs including possibly novel HPV types.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2005

A comparative study of food habits and body shape perception of university students in Japan and Korea.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal body weight, dietary concerns, and unhealthy weight loss behaviors are increasingly being observed in young females in Japan. Our previous research has shown that the irregular lifestyles of female Japanese and Chinese students are significantly related to their desire to be thinner. In the present study, we compare the food habits and body shape preferences of female university students in South Korea and Japan to explore body shape perceptions in those populations. METHODS: A total of 265 female university students aged 19-25 years participated in this study. University students in Korea (n = 141) and university students in Japan (n = 124) completed a self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the demographic characteristics of the students and parametric variables were analyzed using the Student's t-test. Chi-square analyses were conducted for non-parametric variables. RESULTS: Comparison of body mass index (BMI) distributions in Japan and Korea showed the highest value in the normal category (74%) together with a very low obesity rate (1.2%). Significant differences were observed between the two countries in terms of eating patterns, with more Japanese eating breakfast daily and with Japanese students eating meals more regularly than Korean students. A difference was also observed in frequency of meals, where Korean students reported eating meals two times per day (59%) and the majority of Japanese students reported eating meals three times per day (81%). Although most subjects belonged to the normal BMI category, their ideal BMI classification was the underweight category (BMI: 18.4 +/- 3.4). CONCLUSION: Few studies have compared the health related practices of Japanese and Korean university students. The present results suggest the necessity of nutrition and health promotion programs for university students, especially programs emphasizing weight management.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Knowledge, attitude and practice about sexually transmitted diseases among university students in Kampala.

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the child-bearing age. In order to institute appropriate preventive measures there is need to establish the profile of knowledge of the predisposing factors and causation of STDs, attitude to sexual practice and sexual patterns among the susceptible young people, such as university students. STUDY POPULATION: Non medical university students, Makerere University. DESIGN: Descriptive cross sectional study. METHODS: A detailed questionnaire identifying socio-demographic characteristics, sexual patterns, knowledge of STDs as well as attitudes towards prevention of STDs was administered to 400 non medical university students of Makerere University. RESULTS: Knowledge of the clinical features of gonorrhoea and AIDS was high; most knew the predisposing factors for STDs (multiple sexual partners 90%; unprotected sexual intercourse 93%; rape 81%; sex outside marriage 78%, and sex under the influence of alcohol 73%) but not so for syphilis. Males were three times more likely to contract STDs (27%) than their female (9%) counterparts. Whereas knowledge on methods of prevention was high (>90%) it was not followed by appropriate behavioural patterns. More female (33.5%) students had heard about Trichomonas vaginalis than males (23%); (((2) = 17.1; < 0.0001). This study has shown that more female than male students got information from their parents (((2) = 25.3; p < 0.001) while more male students had their source of information from previous sexual intercourse (((2) = 12.9; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge about STDs and their prevention is not matched by sexual behavioural patterns, and male students undertake more risky sexual behaviour. Sexual education should be introduced at the university as a means of increasing students' awareness about the problem and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Selection modalities in the history of the medical faculty of the Halle University. II. The 19th century].

Up to the 19th century a university chair was offered to a physician, surgeon or researcher at the Department of Medicine of the University of Halle mainly by means of a decree issued by the Government or state. The statutes of the Departments of Medicine of different universities were revised and updated in the 19th century, providing for a little more leeway in respect of such calls to a university, giving the universities a right to suggest to the relevant ministers as to who, in their opinion, should receive a call to the chair of professor or assistant professor. Examples taken from the history of the university of Halle, however, show that this freedom of action was rather limited and that royal or government decrees had to be carried out even if they contradicted the conceded right to nomination.

Faculty, Medical↗
PubMed1992

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin solution on prolonged myocardial protection as assessed by phosphorus 31-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional recovery.

The effectiveness of the University of Wisconsin solution on extended myocardial preservation was examined in this study using phosphorus 31-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Isolated perfused rat hearts were arrested and stored in four preservation solutions: group 1, modified Krebs-Henseleit solution; group 2, modified St. Thomas' Hospital solution; group 3, oxygenated modified St. Thomas' Hospital solution containing 11 mmol/L glucose; and group 4, University of Wisconsin solution. The changes in myocardial high energy phosphate profiles and the intracellular pH values were measured during 12 hours of cold (4 degrees C) global ischemia and 90 minutes of normothermic reperfusion. Following ischemia, the hearts were assessed for hemodynamic recovery and myocardial water content. During ischemia, adenosine triphosphate depletion was observed in all groups; however, after 5 hours of ischemia, the adenosine triphosphate levels were significantly higher in group 3 compared with the other groups (adenosine triphosphate levels at 6 hours in mumol/gm dry weight: group 3, 7.6; group 4, 3.2; group 2, < 1; p < 0.025). The tissue water content at the end of ischemia was lower with the University of Wisconsin solution compared with the modified St. Thomas' Hospital solution or the oxygenated modified St. Thomas' Hospital solution (in ml/gm dry weight: group 4, 3.0; group 2, 4.4; group 3, 3.9; p < 0.05). The adenosine triphosphate repletion during reperfusion was greater with the University of Wisconsin solution compared with the modified St. Thomas' Hospital solution or the oxygenated modified St. Thomas' Hospital solution (12 mumol/gm dry weight in group 4; 8.1 in group 2; 9.0 in group 3; p < 0.05). Similar findings were obtained for the recovery of left ventricular pressure (in percent of preischemic control: group 4, 70%; group 2, 42%; group 3, 52%; p < 0.01) and coronary flow (group 4, 61%; group 2, 49%; group 3, 49%; p < 0.05). These data suggest that preservation with the University of Wisconsin solution affords improved hemodynamic recovery, enhanced adenosine triphosphate repletion, and reduced tissue edema upon reperfusion; however, oxygenated St. Thomas' Hospital solution with glucose is associated with the preservation of higher myocardial adenosine triphosphate levels during prolonged cold global ischemia. In conclusion, these data indicate that the University of Wisconsin solution might improve graft tolerance of ischemia in clinical heart transplantation.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1992

Endothelial dysfunction caused by University of Wisconsin preservation solution in the rat heart. The importance of temperature.

The superiority of the University of Wisconsin solution over routinely used crystalloid cardioplegic solutions for myocardial preservation has been demonstrated in animal studies. We have investigated the effect of the University of Wisconsin solution at different temperatures on endothelial function by examining its influence on 5-hydroxytryptamine- and nitroglycerin-induced increase in coronary flow in the isolated rat heart. Thirty-eight rat hearts were perfused on a modified Langendorff preparation. In the control experiments, there was no significant difference in the percentage increase in coronary flow induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine and nitroglycerin after 30 minutes of perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (n = 6). Continuous infusion of the University of Wisconsin solution for 30 minutes at 4 degrees C or at 10 degrees C did not alter the 5-hydroxytryptamine or nitroglycerin response. However, infusion at 15 degrees C reduced the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced vasodilation, while at 20 degrees C the 5-hydroxytryptamine response was converted to vasoconstriction without a significant change in nitroglycerin effect (15 degrees C, 5-hydroxytryptamine, before: 30.2% +/- 1.5%, after: 6.0% +/- 1.0%, nitroglycerin, before: 28.8% +/- 1.3%, after: 31.2% +/- 1.8%; 20 degrees C, 5-hydroxytryptamine, before: 32.2% +/- 2.5%, after: -23.8% +/- 3.6%, nitroglycerin, before: 30.3% +/- 1.9%, after: 33.5% +/- 1.7%). Coronary vascular resistance in the control experiments rose from 55.0 +/- 2.5 cm H2O/ml/gm/min to 58.4 +/- 2.3 cm H2O/ml/gm/min (p = not significant). The increase after University of Wisconsin solution infusion at 4 degrees C and at 10 degrees C was similarly not significant. Coronary vascular resistance increased significantly following infusion of University of Wisconsin solution at 15 degrees C (p < 0.001) or at 20 degrees C (p < 0.01). We conclude that University of Wisconsin solution produces temperature-dependent endothelial dysfunction in the isolated rat heart.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1992

Superiority of the University of Wisconsin solution over simple crystalloid for extended heart preservation. A study of left ventricular pressure-volume relationship.

To compare the effects of the University of Wisconsin solution with those of an extracellular crystalloid solution, Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate, as cardiac preservation media, we studied 35 adult dogs in an isolated heart preparation. Four groups of seven hearts were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution for 6 or 12 hours or in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution for 6 or 12 hours. An additional group of seven hearts with no ischemia was used for a control group. In the four preservation groups, hearts were arrested by electrolyte solution (Normosol with potassium chloride, 20 mEq/L, added, 4 degrees C), flushed with 200 ml of the preservation solution, and then stored in the same solution at 1 degree to 2 degrees C. The hearts were mounted on an isolated heart preparation equipped with a computer-controlled servo-pump system that used a mock arterial system to modulate the aortic input impedance presented to the left ventricle. Left ventricular pressure-volume loops were measured on-line for 2 hours of reperfusion with autologous warm oxygenated blood. Elastance was derived from the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, and diastolic compliance was derived from the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship. The total left ventricular performance was assessed by the preload recruitable stroke work area, the slope, and its x-intercept, all of which derived from the stroke work (pressure-volume area)-end-diastolic volume relationship. Extended global ischemia had more deleterious effects on the end-diastolic than the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship. In confirmation with other studies, elastance did not accurately reflect the level of ventricular contractile dysfunction because of the significant amount of diastolic dysfunction. The preservation of myocardial systolic and diastolic functions, as demonstrated by the preload recruitable stroke work area and diastolic compliance, was better in the University of Wisconsin solution groups than in the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution groups after 6 and 12 hours of preservation. In addition, 6 hours of preservation with University of Wisconsin solution maintained normal systolic and diastolic functions as compared with those of the control group. Preservation with University of Wisconsin solution prevented any myocardial edema formation; by contrast, this was significantly increased after 12 hours in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution. Groups preserved with University of Wisconsin solution had less reperfusion injury as evidenced by the release of coronary sinus creatine kinase during reperfusion; they also had improved oxygen use during reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenosine↗
PubMed1991

Functional and morphological features of isolated hepatocytes preserved in University of Wisconsin solution.

Although several studies suggest that hepatic graft failure after cold ischemia results from nonparenchymal cell damage, other data indicate that hepatocellular ATP content is significantly correlated with the transplantation success rate. In this study, we have conducted a systematic investigation of various aspects of cell viability and function of isolated hepatocytes stored at 4 degrees C for 24 and 48 hr in either University of Wisconsin solution or Hanks' HEPES buffer, a control solution clinically unsuitable for organ preservation. After 24 hr, hepatocytes stored in Hanks' HEPES buffer had viability (measured by trypan blue exclusion and ALT and lactic dehydrogenase leakage), transport function (measured by 22Na+ and [3H]taurocholate uptake) and cell size similar or only slightly altered when compared with freshly isolated and University of Wisconsin solution-stored hepatocytes. ATP content was decreased in both groups; however, the reduction was much greater in Hanks' HEPES buffer-stored cells. Furthermore, ATP regenerating capacity was greatly reduced in Hanks' HEPES buffer- stored but not in University of Wisconsin solution-stored hepatocytes. By 48 hr viability and function of Hanks' HEPES buffer-stored hepatocytes were decreased; University of Wisconsin solution afforded partial protection. When examined by light and electron microscopy, cells stored in both University of Wisconsin solution and Hanks' HEPES buffer for 24 hr appeared essentially normal except for the presence of numerous membrane blebs in the Hanks' HEPES buffer group. Tissue sections of livers preserved in Hanks' HEPES buffer but not in University of Wisconsin solution revealed the presence of extensive amounts of blebs in the sinusoidal lumen and loss of endothelial elements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine↗
PubMed1983

Universe of finger postures and finger dynamography. A conceptual methodological tool for assessing and recording the motor capacity of the finger.

The sum total of all postures actively possible at a joint constitutes its "universe of postures". This universe can be identified by its limits. The universe of a biarticular system like the finger can be mapped out visually, by identifying the limiting postures, plotting them as points in a graph sheet in which the postures of the MP joint are represented in the horizontal axis and the postures of the PIP joint are represented in the vertical axis, and connecting the points serially. The closed figure thus obtained represents the universe of postures of the finger and shows at a glance the motor deficits of the finger as a whole. It also remains as an objective record of the universe, available for comparison after treatment. This method of evaluation of the finger has been found to be particularly useful in assessing fingers with paralytic problems. Such a visual representation of the universe, called "dynamogram" here, can also be used for kinesiological studies.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

University of Wisconsin solution provides superior myocardial preservation compared with Stanford cardioplegic solution.

The efficacy of the University of Wisconsin solution to safely prolong preservation times for kidney, pancreas, and liver transplantation is established, but its efficacy in enhancing myocardial preservation is not yet clear. We studied the effects of Stanford cardioplegic solution and the University of Wisconsin solution both in preserving the myocardium and in protecting it from the effects of reperfusion injury after 6 hours of preservation. In 28 rat hearts we measured changes in high-energy phosphate content (with magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and histologic changes (edema, endothelial changes, myocyte architecture) during preservation and changes in high-energy phosphate content, histologic status, and performance (aortic systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate, rhythm) in Langendorff and working hearts during reperfusion. No significant differences in the kinetics of high-energy phosphate changes were noted between the two cardioplegic solutions during preservation. However, at the end of 6 hours of preservation, hearts in the Stanford cardioplegic solution group were more edematous (p < 0.01) than those in the University of Wisconsin group. During reperfusion, no significant differences in the kinetics of high-energy phosphates were noted between the two cardioplegic solutions. None of the hearts in the University of Wisconsin solution group developed ventricular fibrillation at the start of reperfusion, but all hearts in the Stanford group did so. Once sinus rhythm was established no significant differences in developed pressure or heart rate were found between the two solutions. After 2.5 hours of reperfusion, hearts in the Stanford group were more edematous (p < 0.002) and had a greater disruption of myocyte architecture (p < 0.002) and greater arteriolar endothelial injury (p < 0.004). In conclusion, the University of Wisconsin solution better protects the myocardium in this rat model than does Stanford solution. The mechanism for this beneficial effect of the University of Wisconsin solution appears to be due to its better preservation of the microvasculature rather than differences in preservation of high-energy phosphates.

Adenosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of hypothermic heart preservation with University of Wisconsin solution in heterotopically and orthotopically transplanted canine hearts.

In simple cold storage of the heart, 4 hours has been proved to be a clinically safe ischemic time. The University of Wisconsin solution has been reported to extend cold ischemic time in preservation of the liver, kidney, and pancreas. The purpose of this study is to clarify the safe cold ischemic time in heart preservation with University of Wisconsin solution experimentally in heterotopically and orthotopically transplanted canine hearts. In heterotopic heart transplantation, 120 minutes after reperfusion, maximum slope of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship was recovered to 94% +/- 13% in the 4-hour simple cold preservation group with GIK solution and 104% +/- 11% in the 8-hour simple cold preservation group with University of Wisconsin solution but was not recovered in the 8-hour simple cold preservation with GIK solution and 16-hour simple cold preservation with University of Wisconsin solution groups. One hundred twenty minutes after reperfusion, myocardial tissue blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmeter was recovered to 90% +/- 19% after 4 hours with simple cold preservation with GIK solution and 98% +/- 9% after 8 hours with simple cold preservation with University of Wisconsin solution but was not recovered after 8 hours with simple cold preservation with GIK solution and 16 hours with simple cold preservation with University of Wisconsin solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

Ulcerative appendicitis in universal and nonuniversal ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative appendicitis (UA), the appendiceal counterpart of ulcerative colitis (UC), is frequently present in colectomy specimens from patients with universal UC and is regarded as part of the continuous inflammatory process that is a hallmark of this disease. It has been reported, although not universally accepted, that UA may also occur in UC that spares the proximal colon, constituting a skip lesion. Colectomies, which included appendices, from 160 consecutive adult and pediatric patients with UC were reviewed histologically and separated into two groups, universal and nonuniversal UC, on the basis of a stringent histopathological definition of normal mucosa. Forty-five cases with obliterated appendiceal lumens were excluded. UA was present in 82 of the 94 cases of universal UC (87%), including 75 of the 83 adult cases (90%) and 7 of the 11 pediatric cases (64%). UA was present in 18 of the 21 cases of nonuniversal UC (86%), all of which were adults, representing skip lesions. UA was found in 12 of the 14 cases in which colitis commenced distal to the hepatic flexure, including 2 of the 3 cases of left-sided colitis and 2 of the 2 cases of proctosigmoiditis. Among patients whose clinical indication for colectomy was the presence of dysplasia or carcinoma and who had patent appendices, UA was present in 6 of the 9 cases with universal UC (68%) and in each of the 3 cases with nonuniversal UC (100%). We conclude that in colectomy specimens discontinuous appendiceal involvement in nonuniversal UC is as prevalent as continuous involvement in universal UC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Prolonging myocardial preservation with a modified University of Wisconsin solution containing 2,3-butanedione monoxime and calcium.

The University of Wisconsin solution is an effective preservative for cold storage of the cardiac allograft. In an earlier study we showed that addition of calcium and 2,3-butanedione monoxime, a reversible inhibitor of myocardial contracture, further improved preservation of the rabbit heart. In this study we investigated the following: (1) the effects of different concentrations of 2,3-butanedione monoxime and calcium on function of the preserved rabbit heart, (2) how heart preservation is affected when 2,3-butanedione monoxime and calcium are added to the St. Thomas' Hospital and Stanford solutions, and (3) how 2,3-butanedione monoxime and calcium, at optimal concentrations in University of Wisconsin solution, affect hearts preserved up to 48 hours. Rabbit hearts were flushed with preservative and stored at 4 degrees C for 24, 30, 40, or 48 hours. Myocardial function was assessed during 60 minutes of isolated reperfusion, and myocardial adenine nucleotide content was measured after completion of reperfusion. Three concentrations of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (15, 30, and 60 mmol/L) in the University of Wisconsin solution were studied in hearts preserved for 30 hours. Storage with 2,3-butanedione monoxime at 30 mmol/L resulted in significantly better left ventricular developed pressure (p < 0.01), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (p < 0.01), rate of left ventricular pressure rise (p < 0.01), coronary flow (p < 0.05), rate-pressure product (p < 0.001), and adenine nucleotide regeneration (p < 0.05) than with 60 mmol/L, although function was not significantly different when the osmolarity of the solutions was equalized. There was significant reduction in end-diastolic volume (p < 0.05) and adenine nucleotide recovery (p < 0.01) when 2,3-butanedione monoxime was lowered to 15 mmol/L. Decreasing the calcium concentration from 1.0 to 0.1 mmol/L also had a deleterious effect on myocardial function (p < 0.05). The addition of 30 mmol/L 2,3-butanedione monoxime and 1.0 mmol/L calcium to the St. Thomas' or Stanford solutions improved preservation of the heart when compared with the unmodified solutions, but to a lesser degree than with the modified University of Wisconsin solution. After 24 to 48 hours of storage in University of Wisconsin solution containing 30 mmol/L 2,3-butanedione monoxime and 1.0 mmol/L calcium, there was substantial improvement in developed pressure (p < 0.001), end-diastolic volume (p < 0.05), and rate pressure product (p < 0.001), although there was little effect on heart rate and coronary flow, when compared with the unmodified University of Wisconsin solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenosine↗