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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

The tissue microarray data exchange specification: implementation by the Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource.

BACKGROUND: Tissue Microarrays (TMAs) have emerged as a powerful tool for examining the distribution of marker molecules in hundreds of different tissues displayed on a single slide. TMAs have been used successfully to validate candidate molecules discovered in gene array experiments. Like gene expression studies, TMA experiments are data intensive, requiring substantial information to interpret, replicate or validate. Recently, an open access Tissue Microarray Data Exchange Specification has been released that allows TMA data to be organized in a self-describing XML document annotated with well-defined common data elements. While this specification provides sufficient information for the reproduction of the experiment by outside research groups, its initial description did not contain instructions or examples of actual implementations, and no implementation studies have been published. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the TMA Data Exchange Specification is implemented in a prostate cancer TMA. RESULTS: The Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource (CPCTR) is funded by the National Cancer Institute to provide researchers with samples of prostate cancer annotated with demographic and clinical data. The CPCTR now offers prostate cancer TMAs and has implemented a TMA database conforming to the new open access Tissue Microarray Data Exchange Specification. The bulk of the TMA database consists of clinical and demographic data elements for 299 patient samples. These data elements were extracted from an Excel database using a transformative Perl script. The Perl script and the TMA database are open access documents distributed with this manuscript. CONCLUSIONS: TMA databases conforming to the Tissue Microarray Data Exchange Specification can be merged with other TMA files, expanded through the addition of data elements, or linked to data contained in external biological databases. This article describes an open access implementation of the TMA Data Exchange Specification and provides detailed guidance to researchers who wish to use the Specification.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1976

Uptake of (3H)progesterone and (3H)5alpha-dihydroprogesterone by rat tissues in vivo and analysis of accumulated radioactivity: accumulation of 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone by pituitary and hypothalamic tissues.

These in vivo studies explored the possibility that the metabolism of progesterone to 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone (5alpha-DHP) and 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in hypothalamus and pituitary may influence gonadotropin release. [3H]progesterone or [3H]5alpha-DHP was injected iv into ovariectomized or ovariectomized-adrenalectomized rats for 10 0r 30 min. 3H content was determined for plasma, anterior pituitary, medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), cerebral cortex, muscle and uterus. Isotopic dilution analyses of the accumulated 3H were made for progesterone, 5alpha-DHP, 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone, 20alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-3-one, and 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha, 20alpha-diol on samples from the 10 min groups. With progesterone injections, most of the tissue 3H was distributed among progesterone, 5alpha-DHP, and 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one. Progesterone was the predominant 3H-steroid in uterus, MBH, cerebral cortex and muscle. [3H]5alpha-DHP was the other major 3H-steroid in MBH and the predominant one in pituitary. In terms of tissue/plasma concentration comparisons, no tissue concentration of [3H]progesterone was greater than that in plasma except for MBH in the ovariectomized-adrenalectomized group. In contrast, [3H]5alpha-DHP levels in pituitary, MBH and cerebral cortex were many fold greater than those in plasma and muscle. MBH and pituitary levels were significantly greater than that in cerebral cortex. With 5alpha-DHP injections, most tissue 3H was associated with 5alpha-DHP and/or 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one. No [3H]progesterone was detected. [3H]5alpha-DHP predominated in pituitary and MBH, while 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one predominated in the others. In terms of tissue and plasma concentration comparisons, MBH, pituitary and cerebral cortical concentrations of [3H]5alpha-DHP were markedly higher than plasma, muscle, and uterine levels. Pituitary and MBH concentrations were also greater than that in cerebral cortex. Tissue levels of [3H]3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one were not significantly greater than that in plasma. Thus, 10 min after injection of either [3H]progesterone or [3H]5alpha-DHP, high and significant amounts of 5alpha-DHP are accumulated in pituitary and hypothalamus, but not in uterus, which suggests that its presence may be functionally important in governing progesterone-sensitive processes in these feedback tissues.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed2004

Experimental and theoretical investigation of fluorescence photobleaching and recovery in human breast tissue and tissue phantoms.

Photobleaching and recovery of 488-nm excited fluorescence from resected human breast tissue samples have been studied. Profiles of photobleaching decay were seen to be faster in cancerous tissue than in those of the normal tissue. The reverse behavior was observed in profiles of recovery after photobleaching. A theoretical model based on one-dimensional diffusion theory has been developed to provide insight into the phenomena of fluorescence during photobleaching and recovery in a multiply scattering medium such as tissue. To understand photobleaching and recovery with the help of this theoretical model, we carried out experiments with model media that were prepared with authentic fluorophores, scatterers, and absorbers. The results of these studies suggest that the fluorescence photobleaching profiles are affected more by the absorption than by the scattering properties of a turbid medium such as tissue. In contrast, the scattering properties of the medium are found to affect the fluorescence recovery profiles to a greater extent. These observations could be related to the observed difference in fluorescence photobleaching and recovery profiles of normal and cancerous breast tissues.

Breast↗
PubMed1999

Tissue transfers: substrates for cytology and cytochemistry of animal tissues.

The Tissue Transfer Technique (TTT) is a novel method of sampling animal tissue that can be used to study tissue morphology, chemistry and physiology. This review provides an overview of the technique and demonstrates its use to detect the tissue distribution of specific epitopes, lectin binding sites and nucleic acids as well as its application as an organ monolayer in culture. These applications are compared and contrasted with standard histological techniques including the "Tissue Printing Technique" developed to sample plant tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Liver and kidney tissue membranes as tissue markers for nonenzymatic glycosylation.

We investigated the relationship of serum protein glycosylation to peripheral tissue membrane glycosylation. We studied 27 Sprague-Dawley rats and induced diabetes in 20 of them. Blood glucose levels were treated in 10 of the diabetic animals with daily subcutaneous insulin. After 8 wk, liver and kidney tissue was removed, purified membranes were prepared, and the percentage of glycosylated membrane protein was determined for the liver and kidney membranes by boronate-affinity methods. The percentage of glycosylated membrane protein for both liver and kidney tissue was found to correlate significantly with the glycemic state of the animal as assessed with glycosylated serum albumin, total glycosylated serum proteins, and glycosylated hemoglobin determinations (P less than 0.001 for each glycosylated protein parameter). In addition, the percentage of glycosylated membrane protein in the liver tissue correlated significantly with the measured level in the corresponding kidney tissue (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001). To identify the nature of the glycosylated membrane proteins, boronate-affinity methods were used to separate the glycosylated and nonglycosylated membrane proteins. It was determined that two major glycosylated protein bands exist for the liver membrane (78,000 and 58,700 Mr) and four for the kidney membranes (ranging from 48,700 to 74,000 Mr). The ultrastructural location and identification of these glycosylated membrane proteins are not known. This study demonstrates that measurement of clinical glycemic state, as reflected in glycosylated blood protein parameters such as glycosylated serum albumin and glycosylated hemoglobin, correlates significantly with ongoing tissue membrane accumulation of glucose.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Tissue and intracellular pH in normal periarticular soft tissue and during different phases of antigen induced arthritis in the rat.

OBJECTIVE: To measure intracellular and tissue pH in periarticular soft tissue during different phases of antigen induced arthritis in the rat. METHODS: pH was calculated using the following values: (1) the distribution of [14C]-dimethyl-oxazolidinedione; (2) the total tissue water and the extracellular space water volume, which was measured as [14C]-sucrose distribution in nephrectomized rats. Experiments were performed during both maximal inflammation (Day 3) and the restorative phase (Day 14). RESULTS: In all animals both tissue (pHt) and intracellular (pHi) pH were lower in arthritic joints than in the contralateral control. Mean pHt in control joints was 7.37+/-0.03. In arthritic rats it was 7.30+/-0.05 on Day 3 after challenge and 7.27+/-0.03 on Day 14. The pHi ranges were 6.86-7.81 for controls, 6.65-7.28 for arthritis Day 3, and 5.66-6.91 for arthritis Day 14. CONCLUSION: In this model there is a reduction in pH in the periarticular tissue of arthritic joints. The magnitude is, however, relatively small and the pannus tissue is not uniquely acidic in comparison with other compartments. There does not seem to be a correlation between pH and changes in metabolic balance, pannus formation, or healing.

Acidosis↗
PubMed2001

Facial soft-tissue augmentation with allogeneic human tissue collagen matrix (Dermalogen and Dermaplant).

Soft-tissue augmentation lends another dimension to facial rejuvenation. Human collagen tissue matrix offers the most physiologic solution to dermal volume depletion, structural soft-tissue malposition, and the correction of facial rhytides and various soft-tissue contour defects. Results with the use of Dermalogen have been comparable with other injectable dermal agents with the most natural effects. The absolute longevity or persistence of human tissue collagen matrix has not been established fully and depends on facial region, technique, and total volume administered. The natural fate of most related bio-materials suggest that internal dosing is required to maintain maximum effects. Dermaplant is now commercially available and is an effective agent for facial soft-tissue augmentation-nasolabial folds and lip augmentation-and secondary eyelid and nasal reconstruction. Final clinical studies will provide data on long-term persistence and relative results when compared with other acellular dermal and alloplastic grafts.

Collagen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Probability of tissue cell death, integral cellularity and likelihood of radiation-induced tissue complications].

The paper describes a mathematical model for determining the likelihood of radiation-induced complications in the tissue as a function of the number of surviving cells. It is suggested the irradiated tissue cannot be regarded as a structureless point set of cells and that there are repairable and nonrepairable spatial configurations formed by surviving tissue cells. The probability of none tissue radiation complications may be considered is that of formation of a repairable structure from the surviving tissue cells. The paper shows why the radiation effect of radiation may be coupled (graded) in units of integral cellularity. Recurrent equations have been derived for calculating the number of repairable structures in relation to the conditions of tissue radiation. The values of a number of repairable structures as a function of an area and single dose of radiation are calculated as an example.

Cell Death↗
PubMed1998

[Expression of oncogene ras product p21 protein in the tissues of penis cancer and its surrounding tissues].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical significance of expression of oncogene ras product p21 protein in the tissues of penis cancer and its surrounding tissues. METHOD: Oncogene ras product p21 protein in 32 cases of penis cancer, 32 cases of para-carcinoma tissues and in 16 cases of normal penis tissues were detected by immunohistochemical ABC method. RESULT: p21 protein expressed in 28 cases of penis cancer and 8 cases of para-carcinoma tissues, but it did not express in 16 cases of normal penis. Expression of p21 protein was related to pathological grading and clinical stage i. e, expression of p21 protein enhanced with the increasing of grading and stage. The positive cases of p21 protein expression in para-carcinoma tissue had worse impact on the prognosis of early recurrence and metastasis. CONCLUSION: p21 protein could be used as predictor of malignant potential and prognosis of penis cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Tissue-specific deletion and discontinuous loss of heterozygosity are signatures for the mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation in solid tissues.

The mouse Aprt locus on chromosome 8 was used as the selectable target for the study of spontaneous and ionizing radiation-induced mutations in kidney epithelia and ear fibroblasts. Fifty-two Aprt heterozygous mice were exposed to 7.5 Gy of (137)Cs-gamma radiation on their right sides, and Aprt-deficient clones were isolated from enzymatically digested tissues at times ranging from 1 day to 14 months after irradiation. A statistically significant increase in the mutant frequencies for the irradiated tissues was observed when compared with the spontaneous mutant frequencies for the nonirradiated tissues. A molecular analysis of spontaneous mutations observed for the nonirradiated tissues revealed tissue-specific differences; apparent chromosome loss was common in kidney mutants but infrequent in the ear mutants, whereas apparent deletions were common in the ear mutants but not detected in the kidney mutants. For the irradiated kidneys, apparent deletions were observed commonly demonstrating that these events are markers for ionizing radiation mutagenesis in this tissue. All of the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) tracts observed in the spontaneous mutants were continuous, but discontinuous LOH patterns were observed in 6--8% of ionizing radiation-induced ear and kidney cell mutants. Work with kidney-derived cell lines showed that discontinuous LOH is a novel signature for delayed ionizing radiation mutagenesis. Considered together, these results suggest that ionizing radiation-induced mutations in vivo can result from both direct and delayed mutagenic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[The distribution of the aldolase isoenzymes in various human tissues and the anomaly in cancerous tissues -especially in gastric cancer- (author's transl)].

Three aldolase isoenzymes; aldolase A, B and C were found in various human tissues including gastric mucosa, by means of substrate specificities (the fuctose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase/fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity ratio) and electrophoresis. The basic pattern of aldolase isoenzyme in man consisted of nine active bands, which were designated as I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX band from anode side respectively. The I band corresponded to aldolase C, V to aldolase A and IX to aldolase B. The II, III and IV band are hybrid molecules composed of subunit of aldolase A and C, and the VI, VII and VIII of subunit of aldolase A and B. The V band was present in all tissues, while IX was detected in the liver, kidney and stomach. The I, II, III and IV band were found in all tissues except for muscle. These findings were extremely different from those in other species. In normal gastric mucosa, active bands were composed of I, II, III, IV, V, VIII and IX band, while in gastric cancerous tissue, I, II, III, VIII and IX band were absent or markedly decreased in activity. In contrast, the V band increased. In fetal gastric mucosa, they showed the same pattern as cancerous. In extract of cancerous tissues, the FDP/F1P activity ratio was 20.5+/-2.2, as compared with 7.2+/-0.1 in normal gastric mucosa. In serum of patients with gastric cancer, the FDP/F1P activity ratio was 9.7+/-1.2, while it was 2.9+/-0.4 in normal human serum. These results suggest that the elevation in serum of the FDP/F1P ratio in gastric cancer is due to increase in muscle type isoenzyme (aldolase A) which is derived from cancerous tissue. Furthermore, the analysis of serum aldolase isoenzyme will save for cancer diagnosis.

Brain↗
PubMed2003

Immunohistochemical localization of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in human tumor tissue.

The progression of neoplasms is frequently associated with thromboembolic complications. Coagulation proteins, particularly tissue factor (TF), have been shown to play a role in tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. TFPI is the principal inhibitor of TF-dependent pathway of blood coagulation, but previous studies failed to detect antigenic TFPI in cancer tissue. Recently, a second inhibitor of tissue factor dependent pathway, TFPI-2 (also known as placental protein 5 [PP5] or matrix-associated serine protease inhibitor [MSPI]), has been described. Information on the presence of TFPI-2 within the malignant tumor tissue still remains obscure, and thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TFPI-2 in loco in several different neoplasms. TFPI-2 expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemical procedures in neoplastic cells of laryngeal, breast, gastric, colon, pancreatic, renal and endometrial cancer, as well as glial neoplasms. The intensity of staining was not uniform, with higher intensity in more differentiated tumors. G3 breast, gastric, endometrial and colon cancer cells revealed populations of cells that were either TFPI-2 positive or negative. Gastric and renal cancer tissue exhibited the presence of TFPI-2 in tumor infiltrating macrophages. TFPI-2 was also observed in normal tissue of the breast, stomach, colon and pancreas. These data demonstrate that the expression of TFPI-2 diminishes with an increasing degree of malignancy, which may suggest a role for TFPI-2 in the maintenance of tumor stability and inhibition of the growth of neoplasms.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Plasma- and tissue concentrations following intramuscular administration of etofenamat. Pharmacokinetics of etofenamat and flufenamic acid in plasma, synovium, and tissues of patients with chronic polyarthritis after administration of an oily solution of etofenamat].

Studies on Plasma and Tissue Concentrations of Etofenamate following Intramuscular Application/Pharmacokinetics of etofenamate and flutenamic acid in plasma, synovia and tissues of patients with chronic polyarthritis after application of oily etofenamat solution Pharmacokinetics of etofenamate (ETO, CAS 30544-47-9; Rheumon i.m.) and flufenamic acid (FLU, CAS 530-78-9) were investigated in plasma, synovial fluid, and tissues after single intramuscular application of etofenamate to patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 62 patients with indicated operative procedure in the knee-joint received a single dose of etofenamate dissolved in oil before operation. At definite times between 1.5 and 48 h post injectionem samples from 6 patients of each time group were collected. Samples of plasma, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, muscle, bone, hyaline cartilage, and fat tissue and in some cases meniscus cartilage were taken. Concentrations of ETO and its active metabolite, FLU, were determined by HPTLC. In all tissues investigated, concentration/time courses of ETO and FLU were observed. ETO and FLU were measured first in all matrices 1.5 h at the latest 3 h post injectionem. Pharmacokinetics in tissues follows that in plasma. Rate-limiting step is the liberation of drug from the oil depot. For a long period pharmacokinetics of ETO and FLU is mainly determined by the constant liberation from the oil depot (zero order kinetics of liberation). Zero order kinetics is deduced from the linear ascent of the cumulated AUC (in percent) vs. time plot. It is directly related to the liberation of drug from the galenical formulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[The effect of anterior or posterior tibial tunnel placement of a soft tissue graft with a soft tissue interference screw on fixation biomechanics].

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the biomechanical characteristics of anterior or posterior tibial tunnel placement of the soft tissue graft with a soft tissue interference screw in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: Twelve bovine tibiae and digital extensor tendons were divided into two homogeneously equal groups after they were stripped of all soft tissues. Tibial tunnels were prepared and digital extensor tendons were fixed at nonanatomic (apart from the joint) anterior (n=6, group I) or posterior (n=6, group II) tibial tunnel positions with a soft tissue metal interference screw, 9x30 mm in size. All the specimens were cycled 500 times from 50 to 250 N at 1 Hz frequency in a servo hydraulic test device, after which ultimate load-at-failure testing was performed at a rate of 20 mm/min. RESULTS: The mean screw insertion torque values were 8.2+/-2.4 Nm and 8.4+/-2.8 Nm in groups I and II, respectively (p=0.88). No significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to graft displacement (1.9+/-0.8 mm vs 2.3+/-0.4 mm; p=0.38) and stiffness (132.7+/-10.9 N/mm vs 126.4+/-8.5 N/mm, p=0.98) at the end of cyclic loading. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the site of nonanatomic soft tissue graft fixation in the tibial tunnel (anterior or posterior) with a soft tissue interference screw do not affect the biomechanical parameters in ACL reconstruction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activity of tissue and plasma kallikrein and level of their precursors in eye tissue structures and media of healthy rabbits].

Activity of tissue and blood plasma kallikreins as well as total content of their inactive precursors were studied in rabbit eye structures and media: iris, ciliary body, cornea, vascular striatum, retina, aqueous humor, tear liquid, lacrimal gland by means of fluorimetric procedure using Z-Phe-Arg-MCA as a substrate. Dissimilar capacity of the trypsin soya bean inhibitor and of aprotinin (basic inhibitor of Kunitz type) to inhibit tissue and blood plasma kallikreins enabled to differentiate the enzymatic activity. Lacrimal gland contained the highest activity of tissue kallikrein which amounted to 70% of total Z-Phe-Arg-MCA-hydrolyzing activity of the homogenate. Total Z-Phe-Arg-MCA-amidase activity and activity of individual kallikreins was distinctly lower in all the eye structures and media studied as compared with that of lacrimal gland. Activity of tissue kallikrein was higher than blood serum kallikrein activity in iris, ciliary body, vascular striatum, retina and conjunctiva. The highest content of prekallikreins was found in conjunctiva, aqueous humor, iris and ciliary body. Tissue and blood plasma kallikrein-kinin systems appear to carry out dissimilar functions in eye tissue structures; they are apparently involved in pathogenesis of some eye diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Study of levels of latamoxef in prostatic tissue and bladder mucosal tissue].

The concentration of Latamoxef (LMOX) in the serum, prostatic tissue and bladder mucosal tissue of 20 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and bladder cancer was measured after intravenous infusion of 1 g or 2 g of LMOX. Serum, prostatic tissue and bladder mucosal tissue levels of LMOX responded satisfactorily to the dose of LMOX. The bladder mucosal tissue level was higher than the prostatic tissue levels. Judging from the inhibitory concentration of LMOX (MIC 80), the concentration was sufficiently effective against infections caused by gram-negative, gram-positive and anaerobic bacilli.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1987

[Breast tissue: estrogen receptors. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of normal and hyperplastic tissue and carcinoma in situ. Apropos of 86 cases].

Estrogen receptors (ER) were investigated using immunohistochemical techniques in 54 cases and biochemical techniques in 38 cases on a series of biopsy specimens of normal, hyperplasic and malignant mammary tissue (intraductal carcinoma). Immunohistochemical data were submitted to quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis (SAMBA 200, TITN). On normal tissue, immunostaining is bright and evenly distributed in galactophores and ductulo-lobular junctions; it is unevenly distributed but consistently present in lobules and increasing after menopause. On hyperplasic tissue, immunostaining of papillary cystadenomas and epitheliosis and fibroadenosis zones was similar to normal tissue with respect to the intensity and heterogeneity. Conversely, their immunohistochemical features are close to blunt duct adenosis and atypical lobular hyperplasia of ductulo-lobular junctions. On malignant tissue, immunostaining is unpredictable, it can be evenly distributed, unevenly distributed in patches or gradients, or totally absent. Immunohistochemical techniques can only be used to assess the intensity and distribution of ER in function of cell type in normal tissue and during a cancerous process. Thus strong receptivity of ductulo-lobular junctions may reinforce the claim that these structures are the targets for estrogen co-carcinogenic substances. The heterogeneity of ER at the onset of carcinoma suggests the possibility of several pathway of development. The fact that myoepithelial cell never seem to display estrogen type receptivity makes it logical to seek a special sensitivity for them.

Breast↗
PubMed1988

Long-term persistence of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of pigs inoculated with T gondii oocysts and effect of freezing on viability of tissue cysts in pork.

To study the distribution of tissue cysts in porcine tissues, 16 pigs were fed oocysts of 4 strains of Toxoplasma gondii (4 pigs/strain). Pigs were euthanatized between postinoculation days 103 and 875 and portions of 5 to 14 organs were bioassayed in mice and/or cats for T gondii. For bioassays, 50- to 100-g portions of tissue were incubated in acidic pepsin solution to free bradyzoites from cysts in parenchyma, and washed sediment from the digests of each specimen was inoculated SC into mice (6 mice/organ). For bioassays in cats, a 500-g portion or whole organ was fed to Toxoplasma-free cats (1 cat/organ). Toxoplasma gondii was recovered from tissues of 14 of the 16 pigs (from the brains of 12, hearts of 11, tongues of 10, and diaphragms of 6). Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from commercial cuts of meat from 5 infected pigs; from the arm picnic and ham of 3, Boston butt, spareribs, and tenderloin of 2, and bacon and tailbone of 1. Regarding the 4 pigs euthanatized between postinoculation days 759 and 865, cats shed T gondii oocysts after the ingestion of hearts of all 4; tongues of 3; bacons, hams, arm picnics, Boston butts, spareribs, and diaphragms of 2; and livers, kidneys, and tenderloins of 1. Toxoplasma gondii was found to be inconsistently distributed among the organs and muscles, but overall, tongue and heart were more heavily infected than were other tissues. Tissue cysts in pork were rendered nonviable at -12 C for 3 days.

Animals↗