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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Mode of action of a novel nonchemical method of insect control: atmospheric pressure plasma discharge.

Atmospheric pressure plasma discharge (APPD) has been applied to a number of industrial applications, including the bacterial sterilization of medical equipment of bacteria. APPD may also have applications in insect control. A positive correlation was found between exposure time to APPD and mortality of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds); Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse); twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; and German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), with the level of mortality also increasing with time after treatment. Cockroaches exposed to APPD for 60, 90, 120, and 180 s lost on average 7.5 +/- 0.8, 8.1 +/- 0.6, 8.7 +/- 0.4, and 10.1 +/- 1.1 (+/-1 SEM) mg of water weight, respectively, which was an increase over that of the controls. The metabolic rate of cockroaches exposed to plasma for 180 s increased from 0.79 +/- 0.03 to 1.07 +/- 0.04 ml of oxygen consumed mg-cockroach(-1) h(-1) at standard temperature and pressure. The level of cuticular hydrocarbons identified by electron impact gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were not significantly affected by plasma exposure in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), German cockroach, and citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), except for a reduction in n-tritriacontane in the latter. However, changes in the behavior of cockroaches after plasma exposure, including the loss of photo-, vibro-, and thigmotropic responses, inability to right themselves, and hyperexcitatory symptoms, suggest that the site of action of APPD in insects is the nervous and/or neuromuscular system.

Acari↗
PubMed1997

Evidence for attachment pheromones in the Cayenne tick (Acari:Ixodidae).

Evidence is presented for the existence of male-produced attachment pheromones in the tick Amblyomma cajennense (F). Unfed males and females attached significantly faster to shaved sides on bovine hosts where preattached males were present than did adult ticks released in control areas. Attached ticks did not form clusters around the preattached males as described for other species of Amblyomma. They attached in areas under bags where they had been released, but were not necessarily close to the feeding males. Males apparently required at least 4 d of feeding before producing the pheromones. Males that fed for < 3 d failed to induce attachment. A significant increase in attachment of newly introduced males and females was observed only on day 4 after the feeding of the preattached male started. This response increased on days 5 and 6 after feeding had commenced. An evolutionary trend in the production of tick pheromones was suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Modified atmosphere treatments as a potential disinfestation technique for arthropod pests in greenhouses.

Incidental transport of arthropods on plant material can be a significant mode of pest entry into greenhouses. We evaluated the use of controlled atmosphere treatments as a potential way to eliminate arthropod pests on plant propagules (i.e., cuttings or small rooted plants). Lethal exposures to CO2 or N2 were determined for common greenhouse pests including fungus gnat larvae, Bradysia sp.; green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia sp.; twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). We also studied the effect of pest species, life stage, and presence or absence of plants on efficacy of modified atmosphere treatments. Finally, effects of modified atmospheres on plant quality were evaluated for several bedding plant species including begonia, Begonia semperflorens-cultorum Hort. 'Cocktail Series', chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev., geranium, Pelargonium X hortorum L.H. Bailey, and impatiens, Impatiens wallerana Hook f., and among cultivars of geranium and chrysanthemum. Exposure for 12-18 h to >99% N2 or CO2 caused complete mortality of aphids, mites, thrips, and whiteflies. Fungus gnat larvae were more tolerant of hypoxic conditions. Adult mites and eggs were equally susceptible. For most pests, there was no difference in response to atmospheres modified by CO2 or N2. However, there was variation in response among plant species and cultivars, with effects ranging from delayed flowering to mortality. Despite the possibility of adverse effects on some plants, this work indicates that use of modified atmospheres has potential to eliminate arthropod pests on plant propagules before they are introduced into greenhouses.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Experimental infection of lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), with Rickettsia parkeri and exposure of guinea pigs to the agent.

The maculatum agent, Rickettsia parkeri (a member of the spotted fever group rickettsiae), was inoculated into a colony of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, and followed for two tick generations. In addition, guinea pigs were exposed to the agent by direct injection and by feeding infected ticks on them. Eighty (53%) of 150 nymphal A. americanum that were inoculated with suspensions of R. parkeri were positive by hemolymph test and fluorescent antibody test for rickettsial infection when examined as adults. One-month survival of R. parkeri-infected ticks was similar to that of control (noninfected) ticks. Transstadial and transovarial transmission of R. parkeri in the laboratory was demonstrated in A. americanum. When guinea pigs were exposed to the maculatum agent by either direct injection of Vero cell-grown R. parkeri, injection of homogenates of infected ticks, or by feeding of infected ticks, they developed mild fevers and occasional scrotal reactions. These data indicate that R. parkeri can remain viable in lone star ticks for two generations and suggest that guinea pigs may become infected, displaying mild clinical signs.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Pest control.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diazinon↗
PubMed2004

Anti-tick vaccines.

There is now abundant evidence that vaccination with defined protein antigens is able to induce significant immunity to tick infestation. In a limited number of cases, this immunity has been duplicated by vaccination with recombinant antigens, a critical step on the pathway to commercial vaccine production. The existence of two commercial vaccines has allowed a number of field studies showing that the existing products can make an important contribution to an integrated approach to the control of ticks in the field. Under most circumstances however, the use of a tick vaccine as the single, stand alone control technology is likely to require more efficacious vaccines than those currently available. Increases in efficacy are most likely to come through the discovery of additional, effective vaccine antigens. The number of antigens with demonstrated effect is increasing, though only slowly, while the number of potential antigens that remain to be evaluated is increasing more quickly. There is limited, though convincing, evidence that some of these antigens will show effective cross-species protection, though in a poorly understood and unpredictable way. The groundwork has been laid; the potential of the field is still to be effectively exploited.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Footbath acaricide treatment to control cattle infestation by the tick Amblyomma variegatum.

Previous studies have shown that about 90% of adult Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Acari: Ixodidae) picked up daily by grazing cattle are still attached to the interdigital areas in the evening, when the animals return from pasture. It was therefore postulated that a targeted treatment, designed to kill the ticks attached to the feet, would limit infestation of the predilection sites. Footbaths filled with various pyrethroid formulations were used over 3 years, at the beginning of the rainy season (from mid-May to the end of July), to assess the efficacy of such a control method. It proved efficient in preventing the ticks from attaching to the predilection sites. Although five to 12 A. variegatum adults attached to each treated animal daily, and although the tick burden of the predilection sites of control cattle increased each day by four to 10 ticks, the average infestation of the predilection sites of treated cattle that were initially highly infested (over 100 ticks/animal) continuously decreased to reach a level of about 10-30 ticks/animal after 6-8 weeks of treatment. In herds with a lower initial tick burden (40-70 ticks/animal) this level was obtained within 2-3 weeks and the mean infestation subsequently remained consistently low. Footbath treatment carried out every other day during the adult peak infestation period should therefore greatly limit losses due to ticks. This method was appreciated by traditional livestock farmers, essentially because it is not time-consuming and because it requires only c. 200 mL aqueous formulation per animal at each passage. The cost of the acaricide needed to treat one animal during the peak infestation period was assessed at c. euro 0.20. This control method might also have an impact on some species of tsetse flies and mosquitoes, thereby contributing to trypanosomiasis and malaria control.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prophylactic and therapeutic use of tetracycline during an epizootic of ehrlichiosis among military dogs.

An epizootic of canine ehrlichiosis at the Military Working Dog Center, Pakchong, Thailand, was arrested by prophylactic and therapeutic use of tetracycline and by control of ticks. Oral treatment with tetracycline (66 mg/kg of body weight daily for 14 days) effected remission of signs of disease in 60 of 62 clinically affected dogs and resulted in disappearance of serum antibody in 119 (60%) of 198 seropositive dogs treated during the 2-year study period. Transmission of Ehrlichia canis was interrupted by control of ticks and by daily oral administration of tetracycline at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg of body weight. When the control program was initiated, 100 (57%) of 174 dogs were seropositive, with one-third of these manifesting clinical signs of ehrlichiosis. The proportion of seropositive reactions progressively decreased to 11% after control was established, and the impact of the disease on health and performance of the dogs was greatly reduced. Eight dogs died before institution of control. Two additional dogs died within the first 2 months after control was established. There was no mortality thereafter.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Comparative efficacy of the combination fipronil-(S)-methoprene and the combination permethrin-imidacloprid against Dermacentor reticulatus, the European dog tick, applied topically to dogs.

This study compared the efficacy of two of the most widely veterinary-dispensed topical products for control of ticks on dogs: fipronil-(S)-methoprene and imidacloprid-permethrin. Eighteen healthy beagle dogs of both sexes were divided into three groups of six dogs. Group 1 served as the untreated control. Dogs in group 2 were treated with fipronil 10% + (S)-methoprene 9% w/v applied once on day 0, and those in group 3 were treated with imidacloprid 8.8% and permethrin 44% w/v, applied once on day 0. All dogs were infested with approximately 50 unfed Dermacentor reticulatus ticks on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, and ticks remaining were counted and removed 48 hours after each infestation. The 48-hour efficacy of the fipronil-(S)-methoprene combination remained at 100% at all assessment points through and including day 37, declining to 95.30% on day 44. The 48-hour efficacy of the imidacloprid-permethrin combination peaked at 86.46% on day 9, decreased to 73.37% by the third week, and fell to 63.53% by the end of the study (day 44). Significantly (P < .05) fewer ticks were recovered from dogs treated with fipronil-(S)-methoprene or imidacloprid-permethrin than from untreated control dogs at each infestation. Notably, the dogs treated with fipronil-(S)-methoprene had significantly (P < .05) lower tick counts at every assessment than the dogs treated with imidacloprid-permethrin.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Basic trends in the research for the control of infected blood-sucking ticks and insects, the vectors of human diseases].

Attention was given to the necessity of control of the infected part of the population of vectors of transmissible infections. For this purpose it was suggested to investigate the nature of parasitism of the agent, to look for synergists of their pathogenic effect and to study the ecology of vectors in order to use control measures against the infected part of the population in the sites of aggregation.

Animals↗