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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Enzyme processing of textiles in reverse micellar solution.

Scouring of cotton using pectinase enzyme, bioscouring, in reverse micellar system was studied. The effectiveness of bioscouring was evaluated by measuring weight loss of cotton, analyzing pectin and cotton wax remaining and by wetness testing. Pectinase enzyme showed excellent activity even in organic media, and the effectiveness of scouring was equivalent or better than that achieved by conventional alkaline process or bioscouring in aqueous media. Enzymatic modification of wool using protease enzyme in the same system was also studied. It has found that felting property and tensile strength of wool fabrics treated by protease in reverse micellar system were superior to those in aqueous media. Possibilities of utilization of the same system for the subsequent textile dyeing process were also investigated. It was found that cotton and polyester fabrics were dyed satisfactorily by reverse micellar system compared to conventional aqueous system.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Anaerobic decolorisation of simulated textile wastewater containing azo dyes.

This study deals with the decolorization of the commercially important azo dyes, Orange II (C.I. Acid Orange 7) and Reactive Black 3HN (C.I. Reactive Black 8) under anaerobic conditions in wastewater. Laboratory scale semicontinuous studies were conducted using simulated cotton dyeing wastewater at ambient temperatures (24-28 degrees C) by maintaining a HRT of 10 days. The dye concentration in wastewater was maintained at 100 mg/l. The reactors were operated for 58 days and Orange II and Black 3HN were easily decolorized under the experimental conditions employed. The performance of the bioreactors was evaluated by monitoring oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in the reactor, color and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Color removal of >99% was achieved in both the dye-containing reactors. COD removals of up to 95%, 92% and 94% were achieved in control, orange- and black dye-containing reactors, respectively. Effect of dyes and salts present in textile wastewater on methanogenesis was evaluated based on maximum methane production and methanogenic activity. Based on the maximum methane production data, no inhibition of methanogenesis was observed for dye concentrations of up to 400 mg/l for both the dyes. However from the methanogenic activity data, it was observed that the black dye concentration of 400 mg/l seemed to cause inhibition of methanogenesis.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Textile damage caused by vapour cloud explosions.

The aim of the project was to investigate the damage to garments caused by particular vapour cloud explosions. The authors would like to be able to provide investigators with specific information on how to link clothes to a specific type of crime: a particular case study was the inspiration for the examinations. Experiments were carried out in the fire reconstruction chamber of the laboratory using a selection of 26 clothes and 15 household garments differing in colour, fibre composition and textile construction.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Rec effect of certain textile dyes in Bacillus subtilis.

A large number of compounds are toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and/or carcinogenic. The genotoxicity of four textile dyes commonly used in India namely Sulphur Red Brown 360 (SRB), Jade Green 2G (JG), Reactofix Turquoise Blue 5GFL (RTB) and Direct Scarlet 4BS (DS) was determined by Bacillus subtilis spore Rec assay, both in the presence and absence of metabolizing activation mixture (S9 mix). Each dye was toxic at higher dose levels. A dose-dependent increase in the depth of growth inhibition zones was observed for all dyes. Zones of inhibition were usually clearer at higher doses of the dyes and with Rec- bacteria, but were translucent with Rec+ bacteria. SRB and DS were toxic to Rec+ and Rec- bacteria. JG was less genotoxic in the absence of S9 mix, however, its genotoxic potential increased in the presence of S9 mix. Reactofix T blue was more genotoxic in the absence of S9 mixture.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of dyes and other pollutants in the effluent of a textile company by LC/NMR and LC/MS

LC/NMR and LC/MS (the latter technique in the MSn mode) were used to characterize the organic constituents of industrial wastewater with emphasis on polar, nonvolatile compounds. In the effluent of a textile company, various compounds such as anthraquinone-type dyes and their byproducts, a fluorescent brightener, a byproduct from polyester production, and auxiliaries such as anionic and nonionic surfactants and their degradation products were identified. It is shown that the combined use of both hyphenated techniques provides complementary structural information. If applied under comparable chromatographic conditions, they are well-suited for the nontarget analysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

"Artificial lotus leaf" prepared using a 1945 patent and a commercial textile.

Two polyester textiles, conventional polyester and microfiber polyester fabrics, were hydrophobized using a simple, patented water-repellent silicone coating procedure. Water contact angles on these two surfaces are theta(A)/theta(R) = 151 degrees/140 degrees and theta(A)/theta(R) = 170 degrees/165 degrees, respectively. A smooth surface of this of this coating exhibits theta(A)/theta(R) = 110 degrees/100 degrees. The binary length scale topography (approximately 2 microm/ approximately 50 microm) of the microfiber polyester is responsible for relieving receding contact line pinning and promoting water repellency that is superior to that of the lotus leaf. The recent literature on superhydrophobic surfaces is criticized for neglecting literature of the 1940s.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Cancer mortality in a cohort of asbestos textile workers.

A cohort of 889 men and 1077 women employed for at least 1 month between 1946 and 1984 by a former Italian leading asbestos (mainly textile) company, characterised by extremely heavy exposures often for short durations, was followed up to 1996, for a total of 53,024 person-years of observation. Employment data were obtained from factory personnel records, while vital status and causes of death were ascertained through municipality registers and local health units. We observed 222 cancer deaths compared with 116.4 expected (standardized mortality ratio, SMR=191). The highest ratios were found for pleural (SMR=4105), peritoneal (SMR=1817) and lung (SMR=282) cancers. We observed direct relationships with duration of employment for lung and peritoneal cancer, and with time since first employment for lung cancer and mesothelioma. Pleural cancer risk was independent from duration (SMR=3428 for employment <1 year, 7659 for 1-4 years, 2979 for 5-9 years and 2130 for > or =10 years). Corresponding SMRs for lung cancer were 139, 251, 233 and 531. Nonsignificantly increased ratios were found for ovarian (SMR=261), laryngeal (SMR=238) and oro-pharyngeal (SMR=226) cancers. This study confirms and further quantifies the central role of latency in pleural mesothelioma and of cumulative exposure in lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Expression and characterization of recombinant vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase from an invertebrate, Conus textile.

The marine snail Conus is the sole invertebrate wherein both the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase and its product, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, have been identified. To examine its biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, we studied the carboxylase from Conus venom ducts. The carboxylase cDNA from Conus textile has an ORF that encodes a 811-amino-acid protein which exhibits sequence similarity to the vertebrate carboxylases, with 41% identity and approximately 60% sequence similarity to the bovine carboxylase. Expression of this cDNA in COS cells or insect cells yielded vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity and vitamin K-dependent epoxidase activity. The recombinant carboxylase has a molecular mass of approximately 130 kDa. The recombinant Conus carboxylase carboxylated Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu and the 28-residue peptides based on residues -18 to +10 of human proprothrombin and proFactor IX with Km values of 420 micro m, 1.7 micro m and 6 micro m, respectively; the Km for vitamin K is 52 micro m. The Km values for peptides based on the sequence of the conotoxin epsilon-TxIX and two precursor analogs containing 12 or 29 amino acids of the propeptide region are 565 micro m, 75 micro m and 74 micro m, respectively. The recombinant Conus carboxylase, in the absence of endogenous substrates, is stimulated up to fivefold by vertebrate propeptides but not by Conus propeptides. These results suggest two propeptide-binding sites in the carboxylase, one that binds the Conus and vertebrate propeptides and is required for substrate binding, and the other that binds only the vertebrate propeptide and is required for enzyme stimulation. The marked functional and structural similarities between the Conus carboxylase and vertebrate vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylases argue for conservation of a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase across animal species and the importance of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid synthesis in diverse biological systems.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1999

Influence of crimping textile polyester vascular prostheses on the fluid flow kinetics. Groupe Européen de Recherche sur les Prothèses appliquées à la Chirurgie Vasculaire.

OBJECTIVES: to characterise the impact of the crimping of polyester prostheses on the fluid flow kinetics. DESIGN: an experimental in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we investigated four models of polyester vascular prostheses in a continuous laminar flow circuit. The flow velocity was 80 ml/s for all experiments. We studied two fluids of different viscosity within the circuit. The speed of the particles was measured by a laser Doppler anemometer 2 to 52 mm from the prosthetic interface. We first established a calibrated flow-velocity profile corresponding to the study of the support inside the circuit without any prosthesis. We measured the velocity profiles for each prosthesis corresponding to four crimp densities obtained by stretching the grafts. RESULTS: the crimping of PET textile prostheses led to a decrease of flow velocity especially closer to the prosthetic surface. The decrease of flow velocity was dependent on the model of prosthesis. This decrease of flow velocity is described by the following negative exponential law: DeltaV=a times b(-x)where (a) is the crimp density and (b) the fluid viscosity. CONCLUSIONS: flow velocity near a prosthetic surface is influenced by the morphology of the crimping. The impact of crimping on the flow velocity in a vascular prosthesis can be predicted by computer simulation models. This may provide the optimal shape of crimping for each prosthesis.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1999

A conotoxin from Conus textile with unusual posttranslational modifications reduces presynaptic Ca2+ influx.

Cone snails are gastropod mollusks of the genus Conus that live in tropical marine habitats. They are predators that paralyze their prey by injection of venom containing a plethora of small, conformationally constrained peptides (conotoxins). We report the identification, characterization, and structure of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptide, conotoxin epsilon-TxIX, isolated from the venom of the molluscivorous cone snail, Conus textile. The disulfide bonding pattern of the four cysteine residues, an unparalleled degree of posttranslational processing including bromination, hydroxylation, and glycosylation define a family of conotoxins that may target presynaptic Ca2+ channels or act on G protein-coupled presynaptic receptors via another mechanism. This conotoxin selectively reduces neurotransmitter release at an Aplysia cholinergic synapse by reducing the presynaptic influx of Ca2+ in a slow and reversible fashion. The three-dimensional structure, determined by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy, identifies an electronegative patch created by the side chains of two gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues that extend outward from a cavernous cleft. The glycosylated threonine and hydroxylated proline enclose a localized hydrophobic region centered on the brominated tryptophan residue within the constrained intercysteine region.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed2006

Workers' active involvement in the improvement of occupational safety and health in a textile enterprise--a case study.

Part of the Polish-Swedish OSHMAN project was carried out in a textile company. It aimed at implementing and improving effective health and safety management with workers' active involvement at all levels of the enterprise. The two main problems to be solved during the project were decreasing occupational risk and improving workers' poor knowledge on occupational risk. Training courses, workshops and practical activities were undertaken. As expected, there were changes in work organisation and improvement in the way workstations were looked after, which led to a decrease in occupational risk. Workers were highly committed during the project. Nevertheless it seems that more training should be directed at middle management.

Clothing↗
PubMed2006

Mimicked bioartificial matrix containing chondroitin sulphate on a textile scaffold of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) alters the differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells.

Controlling the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and providing tissue functions in engineered constructs before implantation are major challenges. Beside the additives in culture media, the artificial niches inside a scaffold can serve this purpose. To prepare niches favoring the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs, components of the extracellular matrix of bone were immobilized on fabrics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Aqueous gels of fibrillar bovine collagen I, with or without addition of chondroitin sulphate (CS), were immobilized on the textile scaffold, sub-structured in a freeze-drying process, and cross-linked. hMSCs of four donors were isolated from bone marrow. After expansion, the cells were seeded dynamically onto the scaffolds. From thereon, the culture was transferred into perfused vessels and partly submitted to dexamethasone to promote osteogenic differentiation. During their 4 weeks of culture, the cells' distribution and morphology throughout the scaffolds were characterized by laser scanning microscopy (LSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photospectrometrically the cells' viability (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production were assessed. The transcription of osteoblast-specific markers was elucidated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Cells on CS-containing scaffolds in the presence of dexamethasone showed the highest ALP production. PCR monitored an increase of osteoblastic markers. All scaffolds showed higher calcium deposition than cell-free controls. These results lead to the conclusion that a niche containing CS renders the differentiation of hMSCs toward osteoblastic cells more specific.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cutaneous hypersensitivity to Malassezia sympodialis and dust mite in adult atopic dermatitis with a textile pattern.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with predominantly head and neck involvement react to patch tests of the yeast Malassezia sympodialis (Ms). Protein patch testing methods and interpretation are controversial, but subgroups of AD patients may have unique triggers for disease activity. The aim of the study was to identify clinical characteristics of patients who are patch test-positive to Dermatophagoides farinae/pteronyssinus (Df) and Ms and characterize cutaneous cytokine profiles of the atopy patch tests (APTs). 25 AD patients and 27 control dermatitis patients were patch tested with Ms and Df. Qualitative analysis of Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines by RT-PCR mRNA was obtained from positive APTs. Atopic dermatitis patients with a textile pattern or head and neck involvement demonstrated more positive APTs to Ms than control patients. Early positive APTs (<6 hr) did not exhibit a Th-1 type cytokine profile. The subgroup of adult AD patients with head, neck and upper torso pattern of dermatitis seems most likely to react to Ms (and Df). The immune mechanism of protein patch tests includes a Th-1 cell-mediated component after 6 hr or more.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Mollusc-specific toxins from the venom of Conus textile neovicarius.

Three peptide toxins exhibiting strong paralytic activity to molluscs, but with no paralytic effects on arthropods or vertebrates, were purified from the venom of the molluscivorous snail Conus textile neovicarius from the Red Sea. The amino acid sequences of these mollusc specific toxins are: TxIA, WCKQSGEMCNLLDQNCCDGYCI-VLVCT (identical to the so called 'King Kong peptide'); TxIB, WCKQSGEMCNVLDQNCCDGYCIVFVCT; TxIIA, WGGYSTYC gamma VDS gamma CCSDNCVRSYCT (gamma = gamma-carboxyglutamate). There is a similarity of the Cys framework of these toxins to that of the omega-conotoxins; however, their net negative charges, high content of hydrophobic residues and uneven number of Cys residues in TxIIA, are highly unusual for conotoxins. When assayed on isolated cultured Aplysia neurons, all three toxins induced membrane depolarization and spontaneous repetitive firing. The TxI toxins also induce a marked prolongation of the action potential duration, which is sodium dependent. These effects differ significantly from the blocking activities of piscivorous venom conotoxins. These mollusc specific conotoxins may therefore serve as new and selective probes for ion-channel functions in molluscan neuronal systems.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Contact dermatitis from a textile flame retardant.

We report a case of contact sensitivity to Flammentin ASN, a flame retardant used on cotton and wool. The patient was a painter who was protecting his face with a white cotton cap. He presented with eczema of the forehead at the sites of cap contact. Patch tests with the treated cap and flame retardant were positive; a formaldehyde patch test was negative. Flame retardants are used in construction, materials and textiles. Contact sensitivity is rarely described and we compare our case to those published in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radiation-resistant micro-organisms isolated from textiles.

Towels from private homes and public offices and underwear contaminated by being used by employees at a public health laboratory were examined for occurrence of radiation-resistant bacteria and fungi. Three different methods were used for isolation of the most resistant organisms, one with multiplication of the microbial population prior to an irradiation used for selection, and two without this multiplication and with the organisms placed on membrane filters or in situ on the textiles, respectively. A total of 44 different strains were isolated. Differences in the three methods used for selection of the most radiation-resistant microorganisms were not reflected in the results. 16 pigment-producing Gram-positive cocci, tentatively classified as Micrococcus radiodurans, were the most radiation-resistant and were isolated in about half of the examinations. Other Gram-positive cocci, non-spore forming rods, some Nocardia and Candida parapsilosis strains and two Bacillus strains constituted the rest of the collection. Wtih few exceptions dose-response curves for the strains were upward convex. D-6 values were determined to be between 1.5 megarad for the most radiation sensitive, a Candida, and 5.7 megarad for the most resistant,, tentatively classified as M. radiodurans. The D-6 values for the Bacillus strains were in both cases 1.8 megarad, consistent with a D-value of 0.3 megarad. The same resistance is reported to be the maximum resistance for B pumilus, strain E601, commonly used as reference strain in the literature on radiation sterilization of medical devices and supplies.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2006

Novel gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptides from the venom of Conus textile.

The cone snail is the only invertebrate system in which the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase (or gamma-carboxylase) and its product gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) have been identified. It remains the sole source of structural information of invertebrate gamma-carboxylase substrates. Four novel Gla-containing peptides were purified from the venom of Conus textile and characterized using biochemical methods and mass spectrometry. The peptides Gla(1)-TxVI, Gla(2)-TxVI/A, Gla(2)-TxVI/B and Gla(3)-TxVI each have six Cys residues and belong to the O-superfamily of conotoxins. All four conopeptides contain 4-trans-hydroxyproline and the unusual amino acid 6-l-bromotryptophan. Gla(2)-TxVI/A and Gla(2)-TxVI/B are isoforms with an amidated C-terminus that differ at positions +1 and +13. Three isoforms of Gla(3)-TxVI were observed that differ at position +7: Gla(3)-TxVI, Glu7-Gla(3)-TxVI and Asp7-Gla(3)-TxVI. The cDNAs encoding the precursors of the four peptides were cloned. The predicted signal sequences (amino acids -46 to -27) were nearly identical and highly hydrophobic. The predicted propeptide region (-20 to -1) that contains the gamma-carboxylation recognition site (gamma-CRS) is very similar in Gla(2)-TxVI/A, Gla(2)-TxVI/B and Gla(3)-TxVI, but is more divergent for Gla(1)-TxVI. Kinetic studies utilizing the Conusgamma-carboxylase and synthetic peptide substrates localized the gamma-CRS of Gla(1)-TxVI to the region -14 to -1 of the polypeptide precursor: the Km was reduced from 1.8 mm for Gla (1)-TxVI lacking a propeptide to 24 microm when a 14-residue propeptide was attached to the substrate. Similarly, addition of an 18-residue propeptide to Gla(2)-TxVI/B reduced the Km value tenfold.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed2003

Membrane contactors for textile wastewater ozonation.

This paper deals with the application of a membrane contactor for the ozone treatment of textile wastewater. Ceramic (alpha-Al(2)O(3)) membranes were chosen because of their ozone resistance. A thin metal oxide (TiO(2) and gamma-Al(2)O(3)) layer was deposited on the membrane surface to eliminate large defects. Membranes were characterized by bubble pressure and gas permeability tests. Mass transfer coefficients were calculated by using the double-film theory. Decolorization kinetics were studied with model dye solutions. Decolorization experiments with a real exhausted dyebath (untreated and after biological treatment) were also carried out. The potential advantages of membrane contactors for the treatment of these types of effluents are demonstrated.

Journal Article↗