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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Problem: thirst, drinking behavior, and involuntary dehydration.

The phenomenon of involuntary dehydration, the delay in full restoration of a body water deficit by drinking, has been described extensively but relatively little is known about its physiological mechanism. It occurs primarily in humans when they are exposed to various stresses including exercise, environmental heat and cold, altitude, water immersion, dehydration, and perhaps microgravity, singly and in various combinations. The level of involuntary dehydration is approximately proportional to the degree of total stress imposed on the body. Involuntary dehydration appears to be controlled by more than one factor including social customs that influence what is consumed, the capacity and rate of fluid absorption from the gastrointestinal system, the level of cellular hydration involving the osmotic-vasopressin interaction with sensitive cells or structures in the central nervous system, and, to a lesser extent, hypovolemic-angiotensin II stimuli. Since humans drink when there is no apparent physiological stimulus, the psychological component should always be considered when investigating the total mechanisms for drinking.

Arginine Vasopressin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The spectral correlation characteristics of the brain electrical activity in the rabbit during thirst].

Spectral-correlation analysis of the summate electrical activity of a number of subcortical structures of rabbit brain, having, by literature data, a relation to drinking behaviour showed that the increase of drinking excitability, induced by water deprivation was accompanied by definite reconstruction of biopotentials. In electrical activity of the studied structures, the spectrum power, as a rule, decreased (except in the paraventricular nucleus), and a definite structure of coherent connections between the subcortical and cortical potentials was established. Among the studied subcortical formations, structures (anterior hypothalamic area, lateral preoptic area, medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus) could be singled out where reconstructions of spectral characteristics of biopotentials took place most regularity, and the electrical processes in which were characterised by coherence index by an increase of spatial interconnection with the neocortex potentials, what allows to consider them as most significant for organization of drinking excitation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A spectral-correlational analysis of the EEG of the neocortex in the rabbit in a state of thirst].

Summate electrical activity of the rabbit neocortex during formation of drinking excitation was studied by means of mathematical analysis. It is shown that the change of the electrical activity depends on the level of drinking excitability created by various duration of water deprivation (24-48 h) and is expressed in a generalized lowering of potentials amplitude without frequency change. Spectro-correlative EEG analysis showed that lowering of spectrum power took place within the whole analyzed frequencies range. Besides, an increase took place of interconnections of the cortical electrical processes, estimated by coherence function. It may by suggested that the manifested reconstruction of spectro-correlative characteristics of the neocortical biopotentials reflects a formation of motivational excitation establishing optimal level of cortex functioning.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Pavlovian analysis of interactions between hunger and thirst.

In four experiments we examined the effect of an irrelevant drive on classical conditioning with food and water. In the first experiment the irrelevant drive weakened the conditioned response in extinction. In Experiments 2 and 3, this suppressive effect was found also in acquisition. Furthermore, the presence of an irrelevant drive during nonreinforced presentations of the conditioned stimulus was found to protect the conditioned response from extinction. Experiment 4 showed that the depressive effect of the irrelevant drive is manifested only when the relevant drive is present. Taken together, these results suggest that an irrelevant drive can influence conditioned responding by modulating the representation of the unconditioned stimulus.

Animals↗