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640 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

N, N' (p-Xylylidene)-bis-aminoguanidine (2HCI) resistant mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their relation to the amino acid transport system.

N,N'-(p-Xylylidene)-bis-aminoguanidine 2HCl proved to be an efficient inducer of non-chromosomal petite mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in either growing or non-growing conditions. A mutant Agr-7 resistant to this compound was obtained. Resistance proved to dominate over its XBAG-sensitive allele in the diploid formed in cross. Mutant Agr-7 is characterized by slow growth rate on YEPG or minimal medium and small colony size. Studies on uptake of amino acids and sugars indicate that the phenomenon of resistance is involved in alteration of the general amino acid permease activity.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Evidence that specific oligosaccharides block early events necessary for the expression of antigen-specific proliferation by human lymphocytes.

We have previously shown that monosaccharides and disaccharides will block the expression of spontneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Our data were consistent with the hypothesis that human mononuclear cells express lectin-like receptors that are capable of binding to a variety sugar moieties found on target cell membranes. In this communication, we will present evidence that monosaccharides and disaccharides are also capable of blocking the expression of T cell reactivity as measured by an in vitro antigen-specific proliferative assay. The majority of sugars that blocked monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity had no effect on antigen-specific proliferation. Those sugars that did suppress antigen-induced proliferation had no effect on PHA-induced proliferation. Furthermore, some of these sugars only inhibited if they were added at the initiation of the assay; they failed to inhibit if added 24 hr after the initiation of the assay. Antigen-pulsing experiments suggested that these sugars did not block antigen uptake by human monocytes. These data suggest that a variety of cellular interactions may be mediated by receptors with specificity for simple sugars. The ability to block these naturally occurring lectins specifically both in vitro and in vivo may prove to be a powerful tool for dissecting out various forms of cellular recognition and collaboration.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1981

[Carbohydrate infusions in internal diseases. A comparative study on metabolically normal patients, patients with liver diseases and diabetics. Aims, execution and statistics of the studies in long-term infusion of carbohydrates].

We present the problems, methodology and statistics of a large scale clinical trial concerning biochemical events and compatibility of carbohydrate infusions. The presented work serves as introduction to understand the following publications from this study. More specifically we show the results of 48-hour infusion of the following solutions: 1. Glucose, 2. Glucose/Fructose, 3. Glucose/Sorbitol, 4. Glucose/Xylitol, 5. Glucose/Fructose/Xylitol. Each of the infusion series was applicated to patients with liver cirrhosis; diabetes mellitus, and a metabolically healthy control group.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of DRw antisera reactivity by mono and oligosaccharides.

Mono and oligosaccharides were used to inhibit the cytotoxicity of antisera detecting HLA-DRw antigens on monocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Certain sugars preferentially inhibited antisera detecting some DRw antigens and not others. Sera detecting HLA-A and B antigens were not inhibited with the sugars used. Anti-DRw sera blocked the attachment of radiolabeled sugars to monocytes with the same patterns as the reciprocal blocking of cytotoxicity by the sugars. The results were not consistent with the intrepretation that carbohydrates are an antigenic "component" of DRw specificity, but rather that the surface structures, possibly those bearing the DRw antigens, are receptors for mono and oligo saccharides.

Cellobiose↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of C-terminal derivatives of sorbin on duodenal ion transports in rats].

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Synthetic derivatives of sorbin have been shown to inhibit VIP stimulated fluxes in the ileum in decreasing plasma-to-mucosa Na and Cl effluxes. The effect of this group of new peptides, without homology with any known peptides, was determined in rat duodenum where ion transport mechanisms differ. The improved technique of ligated loops in situ, was used, permitting the simultaneous measurement of net fluxes, influxes and effluxes for Na and Cl, in an integrated in vivo model. To determine the minimal active fragment of sorbin, synthetic C5, C7 and C20 peptides were tested and compared with known anti-secretor drugs such as loperamide, neuropeptide Y, somatostatine and metenkephalinamide. RESULTS: C7-sorbin was the minimal peptide able to decrease duodenal VIP-stimulated fluxes of water, Na and bicarbonate. It intervenes in increasing Na influx and more slightly Cl influx, which have been decreased by VIP. It does not modify much Na and Cl effluxes stimulated by VIP. Sorbin effect is in contrast with those of known antidiarrheic agents like somatostatine, loperamide, NPY and metenkephalinamide which chiefly decrease Cl efflux. CONCLUSIONS: Sorbin acts like an activator of absorption in the duodenum, in contrast to the other peptides or drugs and to its own anti-secretor effect in the ileum.

Animals↗